New French laws have put ultra-fast fashion companies on notice. Should we follow suit?
Some environmental advocates have criticised the legislation's relatively light approach to 'classic' fast fashion retailers like Zara compared to Shein or Temu.
Maguire says shielding domestically owned corporations is partly spurred by a global political trend towards protectionism.
Professor Justine Nolan, director of the Australian Human Rights Institute at the University of New South Wales, acknowledges the scope of the law is narrow, but says it's a step in the right direction.
'[The law] sends a signal to all fashion labels that their business models need to mainstream environmental considerations as they are in the sight of regulators,' she says.
Both Shein and Temu say they operate ethically and are not fast fashion brands.
What's happening in Australia?
The Australian government has been slow to regulate the fast fashion industry, but some action is taking shape.
In 2024, clothing stewardship scheme Seamless was launched by the federal government, with the aim of reducing our local fashion industry's carbon footprint.
The stewardship is funded by a levy of 4 cents per sale paid for by participating brands, including David Jones, Country Road and M.J. Bale.
Yet some experts say initiatives like Seamless are not enough.
'There's lots of evidence to suggest you need a mandatory scheme to actually drive change,' says Maguire. 'Otherwise, you get free riders – a few good brands and retailers having to cover the costs of everybody else's recycling.'
She also thinks the levy of 4 cents should be closer to France's tax of up to $9 if it is to meaningfully influence consumer behaviour.
In 2024, then environment minister Tanya Plibersek said Seamless would introduce mandates if not enough brands signed on. Around 60 brands and retailers are currently partners.
Danielle Kent, general manager of industry transformation at Seamless, says while the scheme is still in its nascency, they have established a circular design training program and are starting to look at what collecting, sorting and recycling clothing at scale might look like.
'The French scheme started in 2007, so they're 18 years ahead.'
'We do not want to find ourselves in another soft plastics debacle where we are collecting and there's nowhere to go. It's really important we are measured in the way that we go forward.'
She says Seamless is aiming for a regulatory framework but will remain voluntary for now.
Australia also has a National Waste Policy Action Plan, aimed at transitioning to a circular economy. But it does not include specific guidelines or targets for textile waste, despite the fact that around 60 per cent of modern clothing is made from synthetic fibres and more than 200,000 tonnes of clothing go to landfill each year.
A spokesperson for the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water says they 'support the fashion industry in Australia to be more responsible for the environmental impacts of clothing,' such as through funding Seamless.
What would similar laws look like here?
So, why does Australia lag so far behind countries like France in holding the fashion industry to account?
'Australia has tended to be a follower in developing legislation to regulate human rights and environmental impacts,' says Nolan, adding that Australians are some of the top consumers of new apparel globally.
Jaana Quintance-James, CEO of the Australian Fashion Council, praises the French legislation but is unsure whether similar laws would be suitable in Australia at this point, given the current lack of environment and ethical reporting capabilities that would be used to inform legislation.
She first wants to see greater government investment in Australian manufacturing to support our local textile, clothing and footwear industries.
'The Australian government is not recognising the powerhouse that our industry is. We employ 500,000 people. It's $28 billion worth of value added into the economy,' she says.
'About 97 per cent of what is sold in Australia is made offshore. The tariffs are the latest example of when we are at the mercy of international supply chains, and we need to build greater resilience.'
In 2024, The Australia Institute called on the federal government to support programs for waste repair and recycling and develop a French-style tax on fast fashion.
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Nina Gbor, director of the institute's Circular Economy and Waste Program, says while 'everyone has a responsibility' to shop sustainably, it is time for regulation to come into force.
'We've passed the stage of what individuals can do. There's too much focus on individual action. Right now, we need to all be screaming at the government to do something.'
Her policy recommendations include investment in on-shore recycling, expanded education programs, tax incentives, and supporting Australian brands with capital and marketing.
The Australian Retailers Association has called on the government to take similar action, with CEO Chris Rodwell, saying: 'The rise of ultra-cheap global online retailers, like Temu and Shein, is changing the retail landscape at pace.'
'The ARA is advocating for government action to close tax loopholes, enforce compliance with Australian consumer protection laws, and level the playing field across sustainability, safety, and modern slavery requirements.'
Neither the Australia Institute nor the ARA has submitted formal proposals to the government yet.
While Australia instituted a Modern Slavery Act in 2019, Nolan says: 'It has not substantially addressed the problem or facilitated significant changes in business practices.'
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