NCERT says Class 8 textbook facts on Mughal brutality from 'well-known sources'
NCERT says this note is key to understanding the book's message. 'The note sums up the essence of the content presented,' it said.NOT JUST A LIST OF DATESNCERT said it deliberately avoided overloading students. Instead, it focuses on building a broader view of Indian history between the 13th and mid-19th centuries -- a crucial period that shaped modern India.Since Class 8 is the last year of middle school, the goal is to help students connect history with social and cultural change. NCERT said the book was designed to develop a critical, multidisciplinary understanding of India's past.Here's the full text of NCERT's statement:Grade 8 textbook 'Exploring Society, India and Beyond', developed in pursuance with the NEP-2020 and guided by NCF-SE-2023, has been released by NCERT. This textbook attempts to provide an idea about the geography, history (medieval & modern), economic life and governance of the country, from a multi-disciplinary perspective in an integrated way. Class-8 being the last year of the middle stage, the students are expected to acquire broad multidisciplinary perspective in understanding of our past between 13th to Mid-19th century and how the various events of that period have helped to shape and influenced the evolution of India of today.Our aim has been to consistently avoid attempting to load the child with too much information and to develop a critical understanding of the subject. Hence, the various facts, have been presented in a comprehensible manner to promote holistic learning in this textbook. All the facts presented in this textbook are based on well-known primary and secondary academic sources.However, in order to avoid generation of any prejudice and misunderstanding, 'A note on history's darker period' at page 20 has been added for the benefit of the learners. This summarizes the essence of the content presented in the textbook; the entire textbook should be seen and appreciated from this perspective.- Ends
Hashtags
Try Our AI Features
Explore what Daily8 AI can do for you:
Comments
No comments yet...
Related Articles
Mint
18 minutes ago
- Mint
Jaishankar recalls UPSC journey, says interview was on the day Emergency was revoked
S Jaishankar on Sunday reminisced about his UPSC journey, stating that his interview for the exam, in Delhi, took place the same day the Emergency was lifted — March 21, 1977. "(1977) Election results were coming from the previous day... The sense of the defeat of the Emergency rule was coming into understanding. In a way, that is what got me through the interview," said Jaishankar. The 21-month Emergency was imposed on June 25, 1975 and lifted on March 21, 1977. Jaishankar shared his experience while addressing a gathering of the fresh batch of entrants to the civil services, terming the coveted UPSC exam akin to an 'Agni Pariksha' (trial by fire). The EAM, who is now 70-years -old, said his 22-year-old self had returned from the interview with two key takeaways – the significance of communication under pressure and that important people may be living in a "bubble". 'My interview was on March 21, 1977. That was the day the Emergency was revoked. Revoked! So, I go in for an interview at Shahjahan Road... First person that morning,' recalled the EAM. Jaishankar said, in the interview, he was asked about the 1977 elections — India's fist after the Emergency. Citing his association with JNU as a student and his subject of political science, the EAM reminisced, "I was lucky." "We had taken part in the 1977 election campaign. We had all gone there and worked for the defeat of the Emergency," Jaishankar said. So, in response, "I forgot I was in an interview", and at that moment, "my communication skills somehow came together," he added. And, the second thing he said, he learned that day, of this "Lutyens' bubble". "These people were really shocked, they could not believe that this election result had happened, whereas for us, the ordinary students, we could see that there was a wave against the Emergency," the EAM recalled of the interview experience. Describing the challenge of explaining that shift to people 'connected and sympathetic to the government,' without offending them – Jaishankar noted – was a test in diplomacy, long before he officially became a diplomat. Nearly a month ago, the Modi government marked the 50th anniversary of the imposition of the Emergency by the then prime minister Indira Gandhi, with events held across the country to recall what its leaders called a "dark chapter" in Indian democracy. The Janata Party, a coalition of opposition leaders, emerged victorious in the 1977 elections, handing a defeat to Indira Gandhi, and Morarji Desai became the prime minister.
Mint
20 minutes ago
- Mint
Russian oil major condemns EU sanctions on Indian refinery, calls it a threat to the country's economy
New Delhi: Moscow-headquarteredRosneft Oil Company on Sunday described the European Union's (EU) latest sanction on Nayara Energy's 20-million tonne refinery in Vadinar, Gujarat as 'unjustified and illegal'. 'The Nayara Energy refinery is a strategically important asset for the Indian energy industry, providing a stable supply of petroleum products to the country's domestic market,' the Russian state-owned energy major said in a statement on Sunday. 'The imposition of sanctions against the refinery directly threatens India's energy security and will have a negative impact on its economy.' Rosneft also said that Nayara Energy–in which it holds 49% stake–will take steps to protect the interests of its shareholders and consumers. 'We are counting on the fact that Nayara Energy will take measures to protect the legitimate interests of its shareholders and consumers, which will be supported by the governments of Russia and India,' it said. Rosneft emphasized that it is not a controlling shareholder of Nayara Energy–the company's share in the authorized capital of the enterprise is less than 50%. The enterprise is managed by an independent board of directors, it said. On Friday, in an attempt to target Russia's ability to raise revenues from its oil and energy sector as it wages war with Ukraine, the EU unveiled sanctions on Nayara's Vadinar refinery and also lowered the price cap on Russian oil by 15% to $47.6 per barrel from $60. Among other steps, it also imposed sanctions on more 'shadow fleet ships', which are largely used for moving crude oil from Russia. Rosneft's statement on Sunday further said that the EU's grounds for imposing sanctions are completely far-fetched and false in content. Nayara Energy is an Indian legal entity whose economic activity is aimed at the development of its asset. The entity is taxed entirely in India, it said, while adding that Nayara Energy shareholders have never received dividend payments and the accumulated profits have been used exclusively for the development of the refinery and petrochemicals and the company's retail network in India. The statement added that these sanctions are examples of extraterritorial implementation of politically motivated restrictions that blatantly violate international law and infringe on the economic interests of a sovereign state. To be sure, Nayara has the largest private sector retail fuel network of the country with about 6,500 fuel bunks, out of the total of about 90,000 petrol pumps in India–a market dominated by state-owned oil and gas companies. The statement further said such actions of the EU demonstrate complete disregard not only for international law, but also for the sovereignty of third countries. 'Rosneft views these sanctions as part of the EU's destructive policy aimed at destabilizing global energy markets. The restrictions on Nayara Energy are yet another example of the EU's use of unfair competition practices,' said the Russian energy major. The statement by the Council of European Union had also said on Friday: 'The bloc will ban the import of 'refined petroleum products made from Russian crude oil and coming from any third country – with the exception of Canada, Norway, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States – thereby preventing Russia's crude oil from reaching the EU market through the back door'. Following the EU's move, Randhir Jaiswal, spokesperson of the ministry of external affairs, said in a statement late on Friday night that India does not subscribe to any unilateral sanction measures. 'We are a responsible actor and remain fully committed to our legal obligations,' he said. The MEA spokesperson said that the government of India considers the provision of energy security a responsibility of paramount importance to meet the basic needs of its citizens. "We would stress that there should be no double standards, especially when it comes to energy trade," Jaiswal added.
News18
23 minutes ago
- News18
Rosneft says EU sanctions on Indian unit unjustified and illegal
Last Updated: New Delhi, Jul 20 (PTI) Russian oil giant Rosneft on Sunday termed as unjustified and illegal the sanctions that the EU has slapped on its Indian unit, Nayara Energy. 'Rosneft Oil Company considers the European Union's decision to impose restrictive measures on the Indian refinery of Nayara Energy as unjustified and illegal," it said in a statement. 'These sanctions are yet another example of extraterritorial implementation of politically motivated restrictions that blatantly violate international law and infringe on the economic interests of a sovereign state." The European Union on Friday imposed sanctions on the Indian oil refinery of Rosneft and lowered the oil price cap, as part of a new raft of measures against Russia over its war in Ukraine. The fresh sanctions package on Russia included new banking restrictions and curbs on fuels made from Russian crude oil. The lowered oil price cap – currently set at USD 60 per barrel – means Russia will be forced to sell its crude at reduced rates to buyers like India. As the second-largest purchaser of Russian oil, India stands to benefit from this move. Russian crude currently accounts for nearly 40 per cent of India's total oil imports. 'Rosneft emphasizes that it is not a controlling shareholder of Nayara Energy – the Company's share in the authorized capital of the enterprise is less than 50%," the Russian firm said, adding Nayara is managed by an independent Board of Directors. Rosneft said the European Union's grounds for imposing sanctions are completely far-fetched and false in content. 'Nayara Energy is an Indian legal entity whose economic activity is aimed at the development of its assets. The entity is taxed entirely in India. 'Nayara Energy shareholders have never received dividend payments and the accumulated profits have been used exclusively for the development of the refinery and petrochemicals and the company's retail network in India," it said. The Nayara Energy refinery is a strategically important asset for the Indian energy industry, providing a stable supply of petroleum products to the country's domestic market. 'The imposition of sanctions against the refinery directly threatens India's energy security and will have a negative impact on its economy," Rosneft said. 'Such actions of the European Union demonstrate complete disregard not only for international law, but also for the sovereignty of third countries. 'Rosneft views these sanctions as part of the EU's destructive policy aimed at destabilizing global energy markets. The restrictions on Nayara Energy are yet another example of the EU's use of unfair competition practices," it said. Rosneft said it is counting on the fact that Nayara Energy will take measures to protect the legitimate interests of its shareholders and consumers, which will be supported by the governments of Russia and India. PTI ANZ MR MR view comments First Published: July 20, 2025, 22:15 IST Disclaimer: Comments reflect users' views, not News18's. Please keep discussions respectful and constructive. Abusive, defamatory, or illegal comments will be removed. News18 may disable any comment at its discretion. By posting, you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.
