Can Huawei break the Mac-Windows duopoly?

The Star

14-05-2025

IN the latest sign that US attempts to choke Huawei Technologies Co are only strengthening it, the Chinese tech giant will next week release its first line of personal computers (PCs) powered by the homegrown HarmonyOS operating system (OS).
The move to challenge the global duopoly overseen by Microsoft Corp's Windows and Apple Inc's MacOS was not by choice.
Huawei's licence to run Windows on PCs expired in March, and America's blacklisting makes it difficult for US firms to continue to do business with it.
Instead of succumbing to Washington's squeeze, Huawei has invested heavily in the nearly impossible task of creating an entirely new software ecosystem from scratch.
It will be an uphill battle for HarmonyOS to make a dent, both in China and globally.
The first computers run by Windows or MacOS were released in the 80s and are the foundation – and essentially only options – for most applications and services that PC users rely on.
The diffusion and adoption of a new operating system doesn't happen overnight.
But if Huawei can succeed in getting developers on board, it has a shot at providing the first real alternative to this two-party standard and offering a Chinese alternative that could eventually erode the long-term influence of Silicon Valley.
The new PCs follow the remarkable gains made by Huawei's OS for mobile over the past couple of years, unseating Apple's iOS in domestic market share at a rapid clip.
In early 2023, HarmonyOS's operating system had just 8% of the mobile market in China, compared to the 72% held by Alphabet Inc's Google-backed Android and iOS's 20%, according to Counterpoint Research.
In the last quarter of 2024, however, HarmonyOS commanded 19% – surpassing iOS's 17% and pushing Android's share down to 64%.
There are other elements on its side.
Huawei's homegrown OS aligns with President Xi Jinping's goal of tech self-sufficiency, meaning it can likely count on government support to boost adoption.
China has a vast domestic market, which means there's less pressure on Huawei to rely on the United States or foreign consumers as it works out any kinks.
The trade war is pressuring many Chinese to back domestic brands over American alternatives.
Huawei's hardware empire also gives it a built-in userbase to tap. The company's strength still largely lies in mobile devices, but it was second only to Lenovo in PC market share in China last year.
Still, headaches were reported with the mobile version, especially related to accessing certain apps that were specifically built for Android or iOS.
Splashy demo videos make the first such PC look like a sleek MacBook, but it's going to take years for programmers to build out all the applications and products users have grown accustomed to, from Microsoft's Office suite to Mac's FaceTime.
By far the biggest challenge, across all devices, remains convincing developers to get on board.
China's vast pool of engineers gives it an advantage, but Huawei must aggressively incentivise them to build services specifically for HarmonyOS.
It has made some strides. Huawei says that the first lineup of these PCs has built-in artificial intelligence (AI) features, including DeepSeek-powered apps.
State-backed media has reported that they have more than 150 dedicated applications, as well as being compatible with a range of popular Chinese platforms available on mobile.
In its annual report last year, Huawei said that over a billion devices – including phones, tablets and smartwatches – are already running HarmonyOS.
And Huawei has previously signalled global ambitions for its operating system, coinciding with its devices' increasing popularity across South-East Asia and emerging markets.
A lot of attention has been paid to Huawei's rise in the hardware sector, and specifically its advances in chipmaking for AI applications.
US efforts to ban advanced semiconductors from China have no doubt slowed AI ambitions. But they have also accelerated Beijing's development of a domestic and self-sufficient ecosystem.
Most recently, America's bar on Nvidia Corp's H20 chips has been criticised for redirecting demand and money toward Huawei's alternatives. The proliferation of Huawei's HarmonyOS now makes it clear that we're seeing a similar scenario play out in China's software sector.
Washington should assess how its policies have resulted in Huawei growing into the behemoth it is today.
The ramifications extend far beyond potential impacts to US businesses.
In an increasingly bifurcating tech world, Beijing could eventually end up setting the norms and standards that the rest of the world adopts, whether that's in AI or operating systems. — Bloomberg
Catherine Thorbecke is a Bloomberg Opinion columnist covering Asia tech. The views expressed here are the writer's own.