Kidney attack: What triggers it and how "normal-looking" symptoms can turn life-threatening

Time of India

2 days ago

We often associate the word "attack" with the heart, sudden, severe, and often life-threatening. But what many don't realise is that kidneys, too, can suffer a similar crisis. It's called a kidney attack, a term increasingly used to describe
acute kidney injury
(AKI), a medical emergency that comes without much warning but with serious consequences.
How long do kidney attacks last?
Unlike chronic kidney disease, which develops gradually over months or years, a kidney attack is abrupt. It can occur within a matter of hours or days, often in people who seemed relatively fine just days before. The kidneys, two fist-sized organs tucked under the ribcage, quietly filter out toxins from the blood, balance fluid levels, and help control blood pressure. But when they suddenly stop doing their job, the body is thrown into chaos.
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What can attack your kidneys?
A kidney attack doesn't come out of nowhere. It's usually triggered by something else going wrong in the body. As per studies, severe dehydration, for instance, can drastically reduce the amount of blood flowing to the kidneys, effectively starving them of the oxygen and nutrients they need. Infections like sepsis, which spread rapidly through the bloodstream, can overwhelm the kidneys too. Even something as routine as taking over-the-counter painkillers or certain antibiotics can cause trouble, especially if taken in large doses or alongside other medications.
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Older adults, particularly those with diabetes, high blood pressure, or existing kidney issues, are more vulnerable. Sometimes, the trigger is surgery, especially major operations where blood pressure may drop for a prolonged period. In other cases, a blockage, such as a kidney stone or an enlarged prostate, prevents urine from flowing freely, putting pressure on the kidneys and causing them to shut down.
How does kidney pain start?
What makes kidney attacks particularly dangerous is how quietly they creep in. There may be swelling in the legs or ankles, unusual tiredness, nausea, or a subtle decrease in how often one urinates. These signs are easy to dismiss or confuse with other issues. Unfortunately, by the time symptoms become obvious, damage may already be done.
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Treatment depends on how early the problem is caught. The aim is to remove the cause, be it an infection, a blockage, or a medication, and give the kidneys time to recover. In some cases, hospital care is needed to manage fluids and monitor kidney function. In more severe instances, dialysis may be required temporarily until the kidneys can heal themselves.
The good news? Kidneys can bounce back, if you act fast. But the key lies in awareness. Knowing the risks, staying hydrated, avoiding unnecessary medications, and not ignoring early warning signs can go a long way. A kidney attack may not grab headlines like a heart attack, but the threat is very real. And when your kidneys cry out, they're not just asking for help, they're demanding it.
What triggers a kidney attack?
Several culprits can set off a kidney attack:
Severe dehydration: When your body lacks fluids, the kidneys can't function properly.
Low blood pressure: This reduces blood flow to the kidneys, often after surgery or severe injury.
Infections: Especially sepsis, which can impair kidney function rapidly.
Certain medications: Painkillers like NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen) and some antibiotics can harm the kidneys.
Heart failure or liver disease: Both can reduce blood flow or increase pressure on the kidneys.
Blockages: Conditions like kidney stones, enlarged prostate or tumours can block urine flow and lead to AKI.
Who's most at risk?
Kidney attacks don't strike at random. You're more at risk if you:
Are over 65
Have diabetes or high blood pressure
Already have kidney problems
Are hospitalised, especially in ICU
Take multiple medications affecting kidney function
What are the symptoms of a kidney attack?
Spotting a kidney attack early can be life-saving. Look out for:
Sudden drop in urine output
Swelling in legs, ankles, or face
Shortness of breath
Fatigue or confusion
Nausea or chest pain in severe cases
Often, the signs are subtle, so routine blood and urine tests become crucial if you're at high risk.
Can it be treated?
Yes, but only if caught early. Treatment focuses on:
Fixing the root cause (like infection or low blood pressure)
Stopping kidney-harming drugs
Managing fluid levels and electrolytes
In severe cases, dialysis may be required temporarily