Ask a doctor: What are vaginal yeast infections?

Vogue Singapore

2 days ago

The body is a temple; sacred, and to be protected. Yet most women would know, the task is a trying one. The female body, after all, is one carved in crevices and endless mystery. Growing up, the first scare comes in a sudden streak of red—the day we begin menstruating. Girls, in the throes of becoming women. It is also then, that we realise our bodies can be so different—even woman to woman. Some are fraught with irregular periods, whilst others might discover that they are affected by PCOS ( Polycystic Ovary Syndrome).
Then, there are the slew of vaginal issues that may occur to any woman at any point in time. Vaginal yeast infections, for one, are more common than one might think. In a study published by the Journal of the Turkish-German Gynecological Association, it is estimated that 75% of women will have a vaginal yeast infection at least once in their lifetime. Caused by a range of both internal and external factors—from diseases like diabetes and major hormonal changes, to the use of vaginal washes and sexual intercourse—yeast infections can similarly manifest in a number of symptoms such as abnormal, clumpy discharge, pain in the genital area or discomfort during sex.
And yet? Ask any of your female peers around you, and most would come up blank when asked about it, despite how common it is. Not to fret though; here, we speak to the women health's expert Dr Michelle Chia of Ezra Clinic for the full lowdown: what to look out for, whether you should be vaginal douching or yoni steaming, and treating it when it happens.
What are yeast infections? What are the main causes of it?
Yeast infection, or thrush, is a very common fungal infection that leads to vaginal infection. The main causes are due to overgrowth of the fungal organism candida albicans, caused by a disruption of the bacterial flora or vaginal pH levels.
There are a range of factors that can lead to it. Taking antibiotics as treatment for another illness could increase the chances of vaginitis or inflammation, as is kills off the good bacteria in the vagina, hence disrupting the bacterial balance which causes an overgrowth of thrush. Sexual intercourse too is an extremely common trigger as it disrupts the vaginal pH. Other major hormonal changes that happen within the body are also common causes such as pregnancy or birth control pills. The use of vaginal washes or wearing very tight clothing are also external factors that might result in infections.
What is it often confused with?
It can be confused with vaginal bacterial infections or sometimes even sexually transmitted infections.
What are the most common symptoms? How do we test for it?
Common symptoms include vaginal itching, burning sensation, discomfort, abnormal vaginal discharge that is yellowish greenish or clumpy. You might also suffer from pain, soreness or discomfort from the genital area during sexual intercourse or when passing urine, especially if its a recurring issue for you. To test for it, you are ultimately advised to see a medical professional, who will make a diagnosis based on a vaginal swab test, which is quick and painless when done by an experienced practitioner. Courtesy of Ezra Clinic
Can a yeast infection be treated with home remedies such as yoni steaming?
It is not recommended to treat yeast infection with home remedies, as it disrupts the natural vaginal pH. If you are experiencing any abnormal symptoms, it is recommended to consult a medical professional.
Should I wash it with a vaginal wash or douche?
No, you should not be using vaginal wash or douche. These products often cause more irritation due to chemical contents and leads to further disruption of vaginal pH levels. Contrary to what many women believe that vaginal washes or douches are more hygienic, these products often lead to more infections.
What sort of clothing should I wear when I have a vaginal yeast infection?
It is recommended to wear loose-fitting, breathable clothing like cotton underwear and dresses. Try to avoid exercise tights or non-breathable synthetic materials. The use of tight clothing prevents ventilation around the vaginal region especially with the humid weather in Singapore. The humidity and moisture can also lead to vaginitis and skin irritation.
Can it be sexually transmitted? Does one have to abstain from sexual activity if they have it?
Yeast infection is not an STI and are unlikely to be transmitted through sexual contact. In contrast, STIs like chlamydia and gonorrhoea are caused by bacteria transmitted through sexual activity. The symptoms may often be similar to that of a yeast infection. However, sexual activity can trigger an infection. It is recommended to abstain from sexual activity until the condition is properly treated.
Do yeast infections commonly recur?
According to a study, about five to eight percent of women who have been affected by vaginal yeast infection before can experience recurrent infections, which might mean having four or more yeast infections within just one year. This might be due to a weakened immune system or certain conditions like diabetes, where certain medications suppress immune function. Lifestyle factors like stress, poor hygiene or sexual activity might also be influencing the recurrence.
Are there other ways to prevent or treat it?
Treatment will depend on what medication is required after your doctor examines you and takes a look at your medical history. This might include a range of over-the-counter antifungal medications such as creams and ointments or oral prescriptions. To avoid vaginal yeast infections, don't do vaginal washes or douching, avoid wearing panty liners, wear cotton underwear, and avoid tight fitting clothes. You are also advised to consider adding vaginal probiotics to your regime.