Latest news with #Fulbright
Yahoo
2 days ago
- Lifestyle
- Yahoo
I'm American. My Boyfriend's Not. Trump's Immigration Crackdown Could Force Us Apart.
Last August, I packed up a 10-foot U-Haul, leaving behind my comfortable college town of Chapel Hill, North Carolina, ready to start graduate school in New York City. When I moved to New York, I was only a year out from ending a long-term relationship with my high school sweetheart, so I planned to take my dating life slow. I hoped I'd go on a few dates. But I didn't expect to fall in love. Until I met my boyfriend — a Fulbright scholar on a student visa. We met organically at a graduate student social event outside of a bar in Greenwich Village last August. Friendly coffee meetups turned into dinners in Clinton Hill and walks along the Brooklyn Bridge. Until one night, after a first date filled with ferry rides and skyline views, he asked me to be his girlfriend at 11:59 p.m. in the middle of Times Square. When we first started going out last October, we discussed what a future might look like for us. Fulbright requires students to return to their home countries for two years after the completion of their program. We have talked about how we might navigate that time apart, but mainly we stay focused on the guaranteed time we have together until he graduates next spring. Our experiences as graduate students living in New York have revolved around each other. We've attended Broadway shows, Carnegie Hall performances and visited museums together. We've taken the Amtrak train to different cities, like Boston and Washington, D.C. We can agree that this bustling city would feel a little less full without each other. But this guaranteed time, the year and a half we have left while my boyfriend is on a J-1 student visa, has started to feel less guaranteed. The Trump administration's federal funding freeze led to delayed or partial stipends for Fulbright students earlier this year, creating uncertainty as to whether these payments would resume at all. My boyfriend is also from a country that the Trump administration has considered restricting in the latest round of proposed travel bans — so there is some anxiety about whether he can safely travel between the U.S. and his home country. In light of recent immigration crackdowns, U.S. universities like Columbia University and Cornell University released guidance advising international students to postpone international travel plans over spring break. This month marks almost 10 months since he's seen his parents and siblings. There's a plane ticket to his hometown burning a hole in his email inbox. For months he has agonized over whether it is safe to go, consulting with friends, family and immigration lawyers. 'I just want to see my family,' he says. If my boyfriend chooses to travel and isn't allowed back into New York, he'll lose the prestigious Fulbright scholarship he spent over a year applying for. He'll lose all his progress on the degree he's been working toward for almost a year. All those hours spent studying in his room and at the library will be wasted. He'll have nothing to show for it. If he isn't allowed back into New York, we might lose each other, too. But I can't tell him not to go. With my mother a one-hour plane ride from me in North Carolina, and my dad a three-hour train ride away in Rhode Island, I don't know what it's like to go without seeing my family for months on end. As much as I fear what may await him at the U.S. border, I understand that for him — someone with a marginalized identity — the stakes reach far beyond our relationship. It's a choice between family and his future. Even though he is here legally and abides by the law, my boyfriend lives with the constant fear of being sent home. This fear isn't imaginary — but created by the Trump administration's aggressive revoking of several student visas at universities across the nation, like North Carolina State University and Columbia. The administration also recently blocked Harvard University's ability to enroll international students. While the Harvard ban has been temporarily halted by a federal judge, my boyfriend would say that all of the back-and-forth has only made his decision harder. He wishes there was a definitive answer — something that would guarantee he would either have safe travels home or that he should stay put in the U.S. As I watch him agonize over daily news push notifications, I wish there were a clear answer, too. Studying in the U.S. was supposed to be freeing, but instead it has made my boyfriend feel trapped. He spent his entire life idealizing the image of life in America. Now he wonders if it was truly worth all that he gave up. 'When you're in a place, and they keep telling you, 'We don't want you,' eventually you start to believe no amount of fighting will make you belong,' he told me on a recent FaceTime call. It hurts to see my country do this to him. Like him, I feel trapped by Trump's deportation push. I've spent hours worrying about what may happen if he chooses to visit home. I've prayed a million prayers asking that he is able to travel back and forth safely. I've tried to imagine what my life would be like if he never came back to me. International students bring with them a diverse set of perspectives and cultural traditions that American students can learn from. Meeting my boyfriend has introduced me to a world of culture I wouldn't have found without him. Being in spaces where I am the only American at the table has sometimes made me uncomfortable, but it has forced me to recognize — and grow from — that discomfort, making me a more empathetic human being. I can confidently say I engage with the world around me differently now than I did less than a year ago. That's why Trump's crackdown on international students is so alarming. With more than 1 million international students attending U.S. colleges and universities each year, efforts to expunge these students come not only at a price to our nation's economy — international students contributed nearly $44 billion to the U.S. economy during the 2023-2024 academic year — but also carry a number of other risks. With the majority of international students pursuing STEM-related degrees, we risk losing important research developments while simultaneously shrinking our worldviews and reinforcing a climate of xenophobia. For my boyfriend and I, the administration's crackdown sometimes feels personal — but it's about so much more than my relationship. I don't know if my boyfriend will choose to use his plane ticket home. If he does, I have to hope his valid documents will allow him to pass through customs and that he isn't questioned simply because of his identity. I have to hope that he will come back to me. Until then, I will cling to every present moment we have, praying our clock doesn't run out before it's time. Do you have a compelling personal story you'd like to see published on HuffPost? Find out what we're looking for here and send us a pitch at pitch@
Yahoo
2 days ago
- General
- Yahoo
The Video of Rumeysa Ozturk Being Detained by ICE Was Publicized By a Community Defense Network
Anadolu/Getty Images Stay up-to-date with the politics team. Sign up for the Teen Vogue Take On March 25, masked Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents arrested Rumeysa Ozturk as she walked down the street in the Boston suburb of Somerville. Ozturk is in the United States legally on a student visa and is by most accounts model citizen — a Fulbright scholar, PhD student at Tufts University, and, as argued by her lawyers, guilty of nothing. Her crime, according to the Trump administration, seems to be supporting Palestine. Ozturk's arrest is sensational in the literal sense, and the video is in many ways traumatic to watch. The masked agents appear out of nowhere, encircle the academic, and put her in handcuffs as she asks what's happening. Although it echoes the tactics we're seeing and hearing about ICE arrests all over the country, these stories are usually shared by word of mouth in rumors or whispers among neighbors. But Ozturk's situation stands out because we can watch it. That's because, as her detention was happening, another student called a community watch hotline that had started operating that week. 'He said, 'Someone's being kidnapped, someone's being kidnapped,'' recalled Danny Timpona, the LUCE Hotline operator who took the call. The hotline team dispatched 'verifiers' in Somerville — people trained to verify hotline calls and social media rumors of ICE's presence in a given area — who arrived within five minutes. They met with the caller, who was unsure who had taken Ozturk. The volunteers began knocking on doors and talking to neighbors, trying to find out if anyone might have information on what had happened, and also to calm any panic by giving out information about the hotline. A neighbor turned over the video, reportedly captured by a home security camera, that has now been seen by millions. Those volunteers are some of the more than 750 who have been trained in the last six weeks at 'community hubs' in over a dozen cities across the state, where 50 hotline operators with member groups of the LUCE Immigrant Justice Network of Massachusetts are now answering calls in five languages. ('LUCE' connotes 'shining a light,' in Latin, a language familiar to the region's large Catholic immigrant population.) And they're providing other resources as well. Later in the week, the group gave know-your-rights training to more than 100 Tufts students and community members. Timpona credits a 40-page Google Doc that was published just Donald Trump was inaugurated. LUCE is connecting immigrant community groups, prison abolition organizations, legal services, parent groups, and faith-based organizations. 'Our coalition is rooted in the idea that we refuse to leave anyone behind because of their marginalized identity,' shares Jaya Savita, director of the Asian Pacific Islanders Civic Action Network and a member of the LUCE Network. 'The hotline and ICE Watch resource is one of many ways we are empowering allies and impacted community members. We recognize that in order to build people power, we need to train, empower, and equip our communities and allies.' Most of the group's tactics, from the hotline dispatch system to neighborhood-based rights workshops, are modeled on those our team at Siembra NC used to organize immigrant workers and community members in North Carolina during Trump's first term. And they're not the only ones coming together to create new defense networks. Before his reelection, Trump made clear what he was going to do: demonize Latinos and all immigrants and use the threats of raids and deportation to destroy families and communities, keeping us all scared, demoralized, and hidden. He and his billionaire friends would continue stripping away our rights, gutting public services, and harming working people. We knew the playbook he'd run since 2016, so we wrote our own. Siembra NC's Defend and Recruit playbook outlines the tools we developed during the first Trump presidency and the ways we defended immigrants in our community and built a powerful movement in North Carolina. Since February, over 6,000 people have downloaded it, and hundreds of people around the country have joined in-person and online trainings. Among them were LUCE Hotline's coordination team, who say they spent hours consulting with our organizing coaches before they set up their systems. 'It was harder than we had expected getting people to set a vision and follow through,' Timpona said. 'Even after being trained, volunteers needed a lot of coaching to do things like go up and ask questions of federal agents making arrests.' ICE says they arrested nearly 400 people in Massachusetts in the two weeks the hotline started receiving calls. 'It has been so helpful to get support from other groups just starting.' The Defend & Recruit Network includes groups along the East Coast all the way to Florida, Texas, across Michigan and Wisconsin, and into Washington and California. We're experimenting with new strategies that engage people to defend those targeted, while also building a practice of recruitment into our organizing. We just published a toolkit for students resisting detentions like Ozturk's. Although there are extreme differences in our approaches and risks depending on local factors and our personal and group identities, there's still so much we can strategize about. Building these connections helps the work feel less isolating, less impossible, as some groups in red states like Ohio and Tennessee have shared on peer learning calls. By sharing these resources, we've received dozens more in return. We're collating these community-provided resources alongside our own tools and training. We've also built customizable resources, logos, toolkits, and produced how-to videos and other materials so you can do this work in your community. It is more important than ever: ICE is escalating its raids and targeting more people — immigration activists, Palestine supporters, parents, workers, and students. Many in our communities are looking for ways to defend our rights, even if it feels like those rights are eroding in real time. Defend & Recruit organizers have talked to people all over the country who are leading this work. Some are brand new, wanting to step up and do something in today's political chaos to support neighbors and families, while others have decades of wisdom to share from their lifetime in the fight. When we asked at a recent online training how many new local groups were forming solely because of immigration defense, dozens of people put their hands up. We've created spaces to troubleshoot common problems and share what we've learned, alongside receiving individual support. Groups in St. Louis; Ulster, New York; and Austin, Texas have met together and with our organizing coaches to build their own hotlines and ICE Watch programs. In North Carolina, we're building new ways for allies to join our fight and defend communities. After hearing from employers who wanted to respond to federal agents' warrantless arrests, we're now inviting them to become Fourth Amendment Workplaces that stand up for the Constitution. We know that the far right thrives when we are scared and alone. And we know that none of us are experts in exactly what will work in today's political landscape as Trump continues to shift his tactics. The administration is employing raids at workplaces, enabling abusive employers to exploit their workers further, and targeting immigrants at schools and places of worship. They're going after green card holders and temporary visa holders, and even using an 18th-century law to deport people to an El Salvadoran prison. Their actions are unprecedented, so the way we defend our people must change, too. We have legal rights in these situations and ways we can respond — if we're ready. Originally Appeared on Teen Vogue Want more Teen Vogue immigration coverage? The School Shooting That History Forgot I Was Kidnapped After Coming to the U.S. Seeking Asylum Ronald Reagan Sucked, Actually The White Supremacist 'Great Replacement Theory' Has Deep Roots
The Age
3 days ago
- Politics
- The Age
Australians studying in the US to face tougher social media screening
State Department spokeswoman Tammy Bruce would not confirm the contents of the cable during a briefing in Washington but said the government would 'continue to use every tool we can to assess who it is that's coming here', whether they were students or others. 'Every sovereign country has a right to know who is trying to come in, why they want to come in, who they are, what they've been doing, and at least hopefully within that framework determine what they will be doing while they're here,' she said. The US embassy in Canberra directed inquiries back to Washington. The move is one of many that the Trump administration has taken against top US universities, especially Harvard, which President Donald Trump accuses of indulging antisemitism on campus and persisting with affirmative action policies for student admissions. Loading The government is directing federal agencies to terminate contracts with Harvard, while Trump said he was considering taking away $US3 billion ($4.67 billion) in grants and giving it to trade schools instead. Harvard has refused to bow to Trump's demands, instead twice suing the administration, and Trump indicated the university's intransigence was leading him to take harsher action. 'Harvard is treating our country with great disrespect, and all they're doing is getting in deeper and deeper and deeper,' he said in the Oval Office on Wednesday (Thursday AEST). 'The last thing I want to do is hurt Harvard. They're hurting themselves, they're fighting,' Trump said, making a comparison to Columbia University in New York, which he said was co-operating. 'But Harvard wants to fight. They want to show how smart they are, and they're getting their ass kicked … every time they fight they lose another $250 million. Yesterday, we found another $100 million.' The Trump administration has demanded that Harvard supply a list of names of its foreign students, as well as any disciplinary action against them. Trump said on Wednesday that many of these students were 'very radical people' from radicalised countries and 'we don't want them making trouble in our country'. 'Let's be clear, this has nothing to do with combating antisemitism' Jacob Miller, former president, Harvard Hillel Jewish association He also suggested Harvard was enrolling too many international students – just shy of 7000, or a quarter of its total – and it should be capped at about 15 per cent. 'We have people [in the US] that want to go to Harvard and other schools; they can't get in.' Britt Suann, an Australian who has just completed a master of public health on a Fulbright scholarship, said she had 'gotten away with it'. But friends who are continuing on at Harvard were uncertain about where they stood, as were the Australians due to replace the current cohort. 'A lot of them aren't sure if they're going to get their visas or not,' she said. 'A lot of people have already stopped working in preparation for coming over. It's a huge deal.' David Hogan, who finished a master of real estate, said his phone had blown up with messages from fellow Australians uncertain about their fate. But Hogan, who is a member of the Harvard Republicans, was more relaxed about the situation. 'This is just classic Trump playing hardball. He does it in every single facet of political life,' he said. 'There's uncertainty and people are scared. People forget – if the university just complies, this threat isn't acted upon.' 'We're all freaking out' A third Australian at Harvard, who did not want to be identified for fear of retaliation by US authorities, is currently in Europe with fellow students and said there was unease among the cohort. 'We're all freaking out being, like, 'can get back into the country?'' she said. She and others had thought about returning to the US early, while the injunction was still in place, but decided not to. 'We don't really want our lives to become bargaining chips,' she said. 'A lot of us have accepted we might become collateral damage. It's still the right thing for Harvard to [fight back], even if it f---ks up my life.' Loading Concerns about antisemitism on campus go beyond just Harvard and the Ivy League, following more than 18 months of protests against Israel and its destruction of Gaza, prompted by the October 7 Hamas attacks. In an interview with National Public Radio this week, Harvard president Alan Garber, who is Jewish, said his university had made substantial progress in combating antisemitism over the past 12 months. But the most common and disturbing way antisemitism manifested on campus was social exclusion, he said, which was more difficult to manage and meant people were not exposed to different opinions. 'We shouldn't be in an echo chamber. Everyone in our community needs to hear other views,' Garber said. 'That is one reason why it is so important for us to be able to have international students on our campus. There is so much that they contribute to our environment, and they enable everyone else to open their minds.' At a campus rally, Jacob Miller, a former president of the Jewish association Harvard Hillel, said the Trump administration was using antisemitism as an 'absurd' excuse to target people based on their identity. 'Let's be clear, this has nothing to do with combatting antisemitism,' he said.
Sydney Morning Herald
3 days ago
- Politics
- Sydney Morning Herald
Australians studying in the US to face tougher social media screening
State Department spokeswoman Tammy Bruce would not confirm the contents of the cable during a briefing in Washington but said the government would 'continue to use every tool we can to assess who it is that's coming here', whether they were students or others. 'Every sovereign country has a right to know who is trying to come in, why they want to come in, who they are, what they've been doing, and at least hopefully within that framework determine what they will be doing while they're here,' she said. The US embassy in Canberra directed inquiries back to Washington. The move is one of many that the Trump administration has taken against top US universities, especially Harvard, which President Donald Trump accuses of indulging antisemitism on campus and persisting with affirmative action policies for student admissions. Loading The government is directing federal agencies to terminate contracts with Harvard, while Trump said he was considering taking away $US3 billion ($4.67 billion) in grants and giving it to trade schools instead. Harvard has refused to bow to Trump's demands, instead twice suing the administration, and Trump indicated the university's intransigence was leading him to take harsher action. 'Harvard is treating our country with great disrespect, and all they're doing is getting in deeper and deeper and deeper,' he said in the Oval Office on Wednesday (Thursday AEST). 'The last thing I want to do is hurt Harvard. They're hurting themselves, they're fighting,' Trump said, making a comparison to Columbia University in New York, which he said was co-operating. 'But Harvard wants to fight. They want to show how smart they are, and they're getting their ass kicked … every time they fight they lose another $250 million. Yesterday, we found another $100 million.' The Trump administration has demanded that Harvard supply a list of names of its foreign students, as well as any disciplinary action against them. Trump said on Wednesday that many of these students were 'very radical people' from radicalised countries and 'we don't want them making trouble in our country'. 'Let's be clear, this has nothing to do with combating antisemitism' Jacob Miller, former president, Harvard Hillel Jewish association He also suggested Harvard was enrolling too many international students – just shy of 7000, or a quarter of its total – and it should be capped at about 15 per cent. 'We have people [in the US] that want to go to Harvard and other schools; they can't get in.' Britt Suann, an Australian who has just completed a master of public health on a Fulbright scholarship, said she had 'gotten away with it'. But friends who are continuing on at Harvard were uncertain about where they stood, as were the Australians due to replace the current cohort. 'A lot of them aren't sure if they're going to get their visas or not,' she said. 'A lot of people have already stopped working in preparation for coming over. It's a huge deal.' David Hogan, who finished a master of real estate, said his phone had blown up with messages from fellow Australians uncertain about their fate. But Hogan, who is a member of the Harvard Republicans, was more relaxed about the situation. 'This is just classic Trump playing hardball. He does it in every single facet of political life,' he said. 'There's uncertainty and people are scared. People forget – if the university just complies, this threat isn't acted upon.' 'We're all freaking out' A third Australian at Harvard, who did not want to be identified for fear of retaliation by US authorities, is currently in Europe with fellow students and said there was unease among the cohort. 'We're all freaking out being, like, 'can get back into the country?'' she said. She and others had thought about returning to the US early, while the injunction was still in place, but decided not to. 'We don't really want our lives to become bargaining chips,' she said. 'A lot of us have accepted we might become collateral damage. It's still the right thing for Harvard to [fight back], even if it f---ks up my life.' Loading Concerns about antisemitism on campus go beyond just Harvard and the Ivy League, following more than 18 months of protests against Israel and its destruction of Gaza, prompted by the October 7 Hamas attacks. In an interview with National Public Radio this week, Harvard president Alan Garber, who is Jewish, said his university had made substantial progress in combating antisemitism over the past 12 months. But the most common and disturbing way antisemitism manifested on campus was social exclusion, he said, which was more difficult to manage and meant people were not exposed to different opinions. 'We shouldn't be in an echo chamber. Everyone in our community needs to hear other views,' Garber said. 'That is one reason why it is so important for us to be able to have international students on our campus. There is so much that they contribute to our environment, and they enable everyone else to open their minds.' At a campus rally, Jacob Miller, a former president of the Jewish association Harvard Hillel, said the Trump administration was using antisemitism as an 'absurd' excuse to target people based on their identity. 'Let's be clear, this has nothing to do with combatting antisemitism,' he said.
Yahoo
3 days ago
- General
- Yahoo
The hidden power of cultural exchanges in countering propaganda and fostering international goodwill
At a time when China is believed to spend about US$8 billion annually sending its ideas and culture around the world, President Donald Trump has proposed to cut by 93% the part of the State Department that does the same thing for the United States. The division is called the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. Among its other activities, the bureau brings foreign leaders to the U.S. for visits, funds much of the Fulbright international student, scholar and teacher exchange program and works to get American culture to places all across the globe. Does this matter? As a historian specializing in the role of communication in foreign policy, I think it does. Reputation is part of national security, and the U.S. has historically enhanced its reputation by building relationships through cultural tools. Previous U.S. administrations have realized this, including during President Donald Trump's first term, when his team, led by Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs Marie Royce, raised the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs budget to an all-time high. Government-funded cultural diplomacy is an old practice. In 1889, President Benjamin Harrison's government hosted a delegation of leaders from Latin America on a 5,000-mile rail tour around the American heartland as a curtain raiser for the first Pan-American conference. The visitors met a variety of American icons, from wordsmith Mark Twain to gunsmiths Horace Smith and Daniel B. Wesson. President Teddy Roosevelt initiated the first longer-term cultural exchange program by spending money raised from an indemnity imposed on the Chinese government for its mishandling of the Boxer Rebellion, during which Western diplomats had been held hostage. The program, for the education of Chinese people, included study in the U.S. In contrast, European powers did nothing special with their share of the money. During World II, Nelson Rockefeller, who led a special federal agency created to build links to Latin America, brought South American writers to the U.S. to experience the country firsthand. In so doing, he invented the short-term leader visit as a type of exchange. This work went into high gear during the 1950s. The U.S. sought to stitch postwar Germany back into the community of nations, so that nation became a particular focus. Programs linked emerging global leaders to Americans with similar interests: doctor to doctor; pastor to pastor; politician to politician. I found that by 1963, one-third of the German federal parliament and two-thirds of the German Cabinet had been cultivated this way. Visits gave a human dimension to political alignment, and returnees had the ability to speak to their countrymen and women with the authority of personal experience. The globally focused International Visitor Leadership Program built early-career relationships between U.S. citizens and young foreign leaders who later played a central role in aligning their nations with American policy. Nearly 250,000 participants have traveled to the U.S. since 1940, including about 500 who went on to lead their own governments. Future Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher of Britain visited as a young member of Parliament; F.W. De Klerk came from South Africa and saw the post-Jim Crow South before he helped lead his country to dismantling apartheid; and Egypt's Anwar Sadat visited the U.S. and began to build trust with Americans a decade before he became leader of his country and partnered with President Jimmy Carter to advance peace with Israel. Cultural work more broadly has included helping export U.S. music to places where it would not normally be heard. The Cold War tours of American jazz musicians are justly famous. Work bringing together the world's sometimes persecuted writers for creative sanctuary at the International Writing Program at the University of Iowa is less well known. The Reagan administration arranged citizen-to-citizen meetings with the Soviet Union to thaw the Cold War. Reagan's theory was that ordinary citizens could connect: He imagined a typical Ivan and Anya meeting a typical Jim and Sally and understanding each other. Current programs include bringing emerging highfliers in tech, music and sports to the U.S. to connect to and be mentored by Americans in the same field and then go home to be part of a living network of enhanced understanding. Such programs are in danger of being cut under Trump. How exactly does this work advance U.S. security? I see these exchanges as the national equivalent to the advice given to a diplomat in kidnap training: Try to establish a rapport with your hostage-taker so that they will see the person and be inclined to mercy. The Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs is the part of the Department of State that cultivates empathy and implicitly counters the claims of America's detractors with personal experience. Quite simply, it is harder to hate people you really know. More than this, exchanged people frequently become the core of each embassy's local network. Of course, an exchange program is just one part of a nation's reputational security. Reputation flows from reality, and reality is demonstrated over time. Historically, America's reputation has rested on the health of the country's core institutions, including its legal system and higher education as well as its standard of living. U.S. reputational security has also required reform. In the 1950s, when President Dwight Eisenhower faced an onslaught of Soviet propaganda emphasizing racism and racial disparities within the U.S., he understood that an effective response required that the U.S. not only showcase Black achievement but also be less racist. Civil rights became a Cold War priority. Today, when the U.S. has no shortage of international detractors, observers at home and abroad question whether the country remains a good example of democracy. As lawmakers in Washington debate federal spending priorities, building relationships through cultural tools may not survive budget cuts. Historically, both sides of the political aisle have failed to appreciate the significance of investing in cultural relations. In 2013, when still a general heading Central Command, Jim Mattis, later Trump's secretary of defense, was blunt about what such lack of regard would mean. In 2013 he told Congress: 'If you don't fund the State Department fully, then I need to buy more ammunition, ultimately.' This article is republished from The Conversation, a nonprofit, independent news organization bringing you facts and trustworthy analysis to help you make sense of our complex world. It was written by: Nicholas J. Cull, USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism Read more: When Elvis and Ella were pressed onto X-rays – the subversive legacy of Soviet 'bone music' Rock art and tomb discoveries in Morocco reveal ancient connections to the wider world From defenders to skeptics: The sharp decline in young Americans' support for free speech Nicholas J. Cull does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.
