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NZ Herald
29-07-2025
- Business
- NZ Herald
Study may undercut idea that cash payments to poor families help with child development
They were no more likely to develop language skills, avoid behavioural problems or developmental delays, demonstrate executive function, or exhibit brain activity associated with cognitive development. 'I was very surprised — we were all very surprised,' said Greg Duncan, an economist at the University of California, Irvine, and one of six researchers who led the study, called Baby's First Years. 'The money did not make a difference.' The findings could weaken the case for turning the United States child tax credit into an income guarantee, as Democrats did briefly four years ago in a pandemic-era effort to fight child poverty. That effort, in 2021, provided most families with children monthly cheques of up to US$300 per child and helped push child poverty to a record low, though it did not receive the kind of rigorous evaluation of its developmental impacts the new study offers. It lapsed after a year, and Democratic efforts to extend it failed amid unified Republican opposition. Many Democrats are pushing to bring it back. While the new research may shape the debate over income guarantees, the leaders of the new study disagree among themselves about the relevance of the experiment's results. Some think the pandemic, which erupted soon after the research began, may have skewed outcomes, both because it disrupted lives and triggered large government aid programmes that diluted the impact of the stipends provided by the study. The payments from Baby's First Years were also much smaller, on a per-family basis, than those the Democrats propose. Larger payments might have beneficial effects. Since the test was unusual in targeting children in their earliest years, it is also possible that benefits will appear later, after they start school. Still, the test was unusually comprehensive, and the lack of results provides conservative critics of cash guarantees an empirical talking point. 'It shows that money alone won't lead to better outcomes for children,' said Robert Doar, president of the conservative American Enterprise Institute, who supports imposing work rules on aid on the theory that working parents offer children role models. The study did not test non-cash programmes such as food stamps or Medicaid, or subsidies tied to work. The results were reported earlier by NPR. It has long been clear that children from affluent families exhibit stronger cognitive development and fewer behavioural problems, on average, than their low-income counterparts. The question is whether their advantage comes from money itself or from related forces including parental health and education, neighbourhood influences or the likelihood of having two parents in the home. A landmark study in 2019 from the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine found that 'poverty itself causes negative child outcomes' and aid programmes often help. Most of the evidence came from studies of non-cash benefits, such as food stamps or Medicaid, or the earned-income tax credit, a subsidy for parents with jobs. Some of the studies were decades old, when the safety net was smaller and expansions might have had larger effects. For a more precise test of cash guarantees, Baby's First Years raised about US$22 million from the National Institutes of Health and private foundations and recruited 1000 poor mothers with newborns in New York, New Orleans, greater Omaha, Nebraska, and Minneapolis-St. Paul. More than 80% were black or Latino, and most were unmarried. After randomly dividing the parents, researchers gave one group $333 a month while the other got a nominal $20. Random-control testing is considered an especially rigorous form of evaluation. The researchers specified in advance seven measures on which they thought children in high-cash families would outperform the others. After four years they found no group differences on any of the yardsticks, which aimed for a comprehensive look at child development. Children in the families getting the higher cash payments did no better on tests of vocabulary, executive function, preliteracy skills or spatial perception. Their mothers did not rank them more highly on assessments of social and emotional behaviour. And they were no more likely than the children in the low-cash group to avoid chronic health conditions including asthma. Mothers in the high-cash group did spend about 5% more time on learning and enrichment activities, such as reading or playing with their children. They also spent about $68 a month more than the low-cash mothers on child-related goods, including toys, books, and clothing. At the same time, the study found no support for two main criticisms of unconditional payments. While critics have warned that parents might abuse the money, high-cash mothers spent negligible sums on alcohol and no more than low-cash mothers, according to self-reporting. They spent less on cigarettes. Nor did they work less. While opponents say income guarantees could erode the work ethic, mothers in the two groups showed no differences across four years in hours worked, wages earned or the likelihood of having jobs. The high-cash mothers did prove less likely to work fulltime during the pandemic, which researchers considered positive — evidence that aid helps parents manage emergencies. One puzzling outcome is that the payments failed to reduce mothers' stress, as researchers predicted. On the contrary, mothers in the high-cash group reported higher levels of anxiety than their low-cash counterparts. It is possible they felt more pressure to excel as parents. Contrary to predictions by researchers, children in both groups showed similar patterns of brain activity on the study's main neurological yardstick, an index of high-frequency brain activity, as measured by an electroencephalogram. High-frequency brain activity is often associated with cognitive development. Though an earlier paper showed promising activity on a related neurological measure in the high-cash infants, that trend did not endure. The new study detected 'some evidence' of other differences in neurological activity between the two groups of children, but its significance was unclear. While researchers publicised the earlier, more promising results, the follow-up study was released quietly and has received little attention. Several co-authors declined to comment on the results, saying that it was unclear why the payments had no effect and that the pattern could change as the children age. 'Anyone who tries to tell you they know what the data mean is just speculating,' Katherine Magnuson, a professor of social work at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, wrote in an email. The payments continued for more than six years, and future analyses will examine the longer-range effect. Arloc Sherman of the Centre on Budget and Policy Priorities, a supporter of income guarantees, said the results were affected by the pandemic and should be weighed against conflicting evidence. 'I don't think these results undermine the conclusion, from a large volume of studies, that income is important for children's health, education, and development,' he said. Jane Waldfogel, a professor at Columbia University whose book Child Benefits: The Smart Investment for America's Future supports child-rearing subsidies, said the experimental payments were too small to have the predicted effect. Because the aid was capped at $333 per family, not per child, she said, households received an average subsidy less than half of what Democrats offered in 2021 and typically propose. 'It just wasn't enough to reduce financial hardship and strain,' Waldfogel said. The payments initially increased household income by 18%, but high inflation eroded their value. Virtually all parents in both groups remained low-income throughout the four years, and they reported similar levels of hardships including evictions or utility cutoffs. Robert Rector, an opponent of income guarantees at the Heritage Foundation, praised the rigour of the study and said it 'blows the arguments for unconditional cash aid out of the water'. The results are unsurprising, he said, because the safety net already provides what he called large food, healthcare and wage subsidies, meaning few families face dire conditions and the extra stipends did little to differentiate the groups. While the aid did not boost child development in measurable ways, it may still have enriched family life. Some parents told researchers it let them buy children special gifts or share meaningful experiences, such as dining out or visiting a zoo. One proudly photographed the winter coat she bought her child. 'The mothers are certainly not saying this money doesn't matter,' said Sarah Halpern-Meekin, a sociologist at the University of Madison-Wisconsin, who oversaw parent interviews. Michael R. Strain of the American Enterprise Institute said the study reinforced his doubts about cash aid, but he encouraged fellow conservatives not to make too much of it. 'It seems completely plausible to me that the pandemic overwhelmed an effect from the income,' he said. Still, he noted that poor families faced problems as varied as bad schools, violent neighbourhoods, and a shortage of role models. 'Can US$300 a month address that?' he said. 'I don't know why it would.' A single study may alter few minds, but it has changed one expert's thinking. Duncan, a leading child poverty researcher, had been convinced by studies of Medicaid, food stamps and the earned-income tax credit that unconditional cash aid would improve children's outcomes. The uniform new results have made him reconsider. 'There is strong evidence that these other safety net programmes reduce intergenerational poverty,' Duncan said. 'Our cash payments appear unlikely to follow suit. We've got to come to grips with that.' This article originally appeared in The New York Times. Written by: Jason DeParle ©2025 THE NEW YORK TIMES
Yahoo
03-06-2025
- Business
- Yahoo
Dogwood Therapeutics to Present at Sidoti Small-Cap Virtual Conference
ATLANTA, June 03, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Dogwood Therapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq: DWTX) ('Dogwood' or the 'Company'), a development-stage biotechnology company developing new medicines to treat pain and fatigue-related disorders, today announced that CEO, Greg Duncan, will present a corporate overview at the Sidoti Small-Cap Virtual Conference being held on Wednesday, June 11, 2025 – Thursday, June 12, 2025. Presentation Date: Wednesday, June 11, 2025 Time: 9:15am Easter Time (Track 1) Webcast Link: Mr. Duncan will be available for one-on-one meetings. To request a meeting and to register for the conference, click here: About Dogwood Therapeutics Dogwood Therapeutics (Nasdaq: DWTX) is a development-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on developing new medicines to treat pain and fatigue-related disorders. The Dogwood research pipeline includes two separate mechanistic platforms with a non-opioid analgesic program and an antiviral program. The proprietary, non-opioid, NaV 1.7 analgesic program is centered on our lead development candidate, Halneuron®, which is a highly specific voltage-gated sodium channel modulator, a mechanism known to be effective for reducing pain transmission. In clinical studies, Halneuron® treatment has demonstrated pain reduction in pain related to general cancer and in pain related to chronic chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain ('CINP'). Interim data from the ongoing Halneuron® Phase 2 CINP study are expected in Q4 of 2025. Dogwood's antiviral program includes IMC-1 and IMC-2, which are novel, proprietary, fixed-dose combinations of anti-herpes antivirals and the anti-inflammatory agent celecoxib. These combination antiviral approaches are being applied to the treatment of illnesses believed to be related to reactivation of previously dormant herpesviruses, including fibromyalgia ('FM') and Long-COVID ('LC'). IMC-1 is poised to progress into Phase 3 development as a treatment for FM and is the focus of external partnership activities. IMC-2 has been assessed in both active control and double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials and, in both cases, demonstrated successful reduction of the fatigue associated with LC. The company has reached an agreement with FDA on using reduction in fatigue as the primary endpoint for future LC research and is currently planning to advance IMC-2 into Phase 2b research. For more information, please visit Forward-Looking Statements: Statements in this press release contain 'forward-looking statements,' within the meaning of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, that are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements, other than statements of historical fact, contained in this press release are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements contained in this press release may be identified by the use of words such as 'anticipate,' 'believe,' 'contemplate,' 'could,' 'estimate,' 'expect,' 'intend,' 'seek,' 'may,' 'might,' 'plan,' 'potential,' 'predict,' 'project,' 'suggest,' 'target,' 'aim,' 'should,' "will,' 'would,' or the negative of these words or other similar expressions, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. Forward-looking statements are based on Dogwood's current expectations and are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and assumptions that are difficult to predict, including risks related to the completion, timing and results of current and future clinical studies relating to Dogwood's product candidates. Further, certain forward-looking statements are based on assumptions as to future events that may not prove to be accurate. These and other risks and uncertainties are described more fully in the section titled 'Risk Factors' in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, which has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Forward-looking statements contained in this announcement are made as of this date, and Dogwood undertakes no duty to update such information except as required under applicable law. Investor Relations: CORE IR(516) 222-2560IR@ while retrieving data Sign in to access your portfolio Error while retrieving data Error while retrieving data Error while retrieving data Error while retrieving data
CBS News
01-06-2025
- General
- CBS News
Windy City Thunderbolts playing with purpose as manager Bobby Jenks battles stomach cancer
The Windy City Thunderbolts baseball team is playing with a special purpose this season. Their leader and 2005 White Sox World Series champion, Bobby Jenks, is battling cancer thousands of miles away, while his friend and former teammate tries to hold down the fort in Crestwood. Ozinga Field feels a little empty this season, with the Thunderbolts missing their manager, Bobby Jenks. "Bobby last year was one of those guys you really want to rally behind and play for," pitcher Greg Duncan said. "He was fun. He was very fun to play with, but also if you're doing something wrong, he's going to let you know," pitcher Buddie Pindel said. "It was unbelievable. I mean, he cared so much. His work ethic was unbelievable. Personally, I grew up a White Sox fan, so that was really cool for me," infielder Christian Kuzemka said. Jenks took over as manager of the Thunderbolts in the independent Frontier League last season, and was set to return for a second year until he was hit with a stage 4 stomach cancer diagnosis, news that hit this Thunderbolts team hard. "Gut-wrenching. It was really hard. I teared up when I heard about it; someone so genuine and so special, that gives you opportunities, and is there for you, not only as a colleague, but also as a friend. But I know he's not soft. That is for dang sure. He's going to fight like hell, and he's going to do his best to get back here, and I'm really looking forward to seeing him," Duncan said. "Devastated, right? But he's a fighter. My father had stomach cancer, so I'm really in tune with what that battle is like. Obviously, just heartbroken, but if anyone can beat it, it's Bobby Jenks. You saw it when he pitched with the Sox, right? He grinded every day. He threw 102 mph before everyone else did. So, heartbroken, but we know he can fight it," Kuzemka said. Toby Hall, who Jenks had hired to be his bench coach in 2025, is now tasked with trying to fill Jenks' shoes as interim manager this season. Hall was an assistant on Jenks' staff last season, but they're more than just colleagues. They're also good friends and former teammates on the White Sox in 2007 and 2008, making this an incredibly difficult circumstance to take over the interim manager duties. "It sucks. You know, because one of my best friends is going through what he's going through, and I told him I'd hold down the fort," Hall said. Do Hall and Jenks get the chance to talk at all lately? "It's via text lately," Hall said. "Last good conversation about a month ago, and that was a tough one, but he's in spirits. He's sending me players, and telling me you gotta get this guy, and that guy, but we only have so many transactions that we can do. I try to let him know, hey, everything's fine, we're good, but on the flip side it's keeping him engaged." This team has Jenks on their mind every time they take the field in Crestwood or on the road, as he clearly made quite an impact in his first and only season managing them. "Every time we step out there, we know Bobby's paying attention. We want to do it for him, because if we can make him a little more happier, we know that's going to help his fight, and when we're tired in the dog days of summer, we know we're not as tired as he is right now," Kuzemka "We had a players only meeting about it, and it was like, 'those who are new, and don't really understand the situation, here's what it is.' You're not only playing for the guys in front of you and behind you, you're playing for someone bigger than that who's going through a fight, that is killing to be here right now. It's just one day at a time, one fight at time, just like he's doing," Duncan said. Hall said he also wants all players to play for themselves as well, as they chase their baseball dreams, while keeping Jenks in their thoughts. Jenks remains in Portugal, where his wife's family is from. According to the Thunderbolts, his treatment has been going as planned with no major complications, and he is still hoping to make it back to Chicago this summer. The White Sox' 20-year World Series reunion is set for the weekend of July 11 at Rate Field.
Yahoo
18-03-2025
- Business
- Yahoo
Dogwood Therapeutics Announces Dosing of First Patient in Phase 2b Trial Evaluating Halneuron® in Patients with Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathic Pain
Opioid-free and addiction-free pain treatment therapy could address $1.5B worldwide CINP market ATLANTA, March 18, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Dogwood Therapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq: DWTX) ('Dogwood' or the 'Company'), a development-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on advancing first-in-class, non-opioid, treatments for chronic and acute pain, announces the dosing of the first patient in its Phase 2b clinical trial, referred to as HALT-CINP (Halneuron® Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathic Pain), evaluating Halneuron® for the treatment of neuropathic pain associated with prior chemotherapy treatment ('CINP'). 'Halneuron® is being developed to specifically inhibit the NaV 1.7 sodium channel, given the well-established role of this target in pain transmission,' said Greg Duncan, Dogwood's Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. 'We believe Halneuron's® inherent specificity and potency may enable physicians to use very low doses of Halneuron® to both reduce pain and minimize the off-target effects that have limited prior NaV 1.7 development candidates.' Halneuron® is a first-in-class, NaV 1.7 specific voltage gated sodium channel inhibitor being developed as an alternative to chronic pain treatment with opioids. Patients treated with Halneuron® demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in cancer-related pain in a previous Phase 2 clinical trial with an acceptable safety profile. Halneuron® has been evaluated in over 700 patients in a series of Phase 1 and Phase 2 studies and shows no signs of addiction potential. 'Our goal is to recruit 100 patients with CINP by the fourth quarter of 2025, which should allow us to execute an interim analysis on the HALT-CINP trial in the fourth quarter of 2025,' commented R. Michael Gendreau, M.D., Ph.D., Dogwood's Chief Medical Officer. 'This proposed interim analysis will inform our adaptive trial design, enabling changes to the study, if necessary, to improve trial outcomes.' About Dogwood Therapeutics Dogwood Therapeutics (Nasdaq: DWTX) is a development-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on developing new medicines to treat pain and fatigue-related disorders. The Dogwood research pipeline includes two separate mechanistic platforms with a non-opioid analgesic program and an antiviral program. The proprietary, non-opioid, NaV 1.7 analgesic program is centered on our lead development candidate, Halneuron® which is a highly specific voltage-gated sodium channel modulator, a mechanism known to be effective for reducing pain transmission. In clinical studies, Halneuron® treatment has demonstrated pain reduction in pain related to general cancer and in pain related to chronic CINP. Interim data from the forthcoming Phase 2 CINP study are expected in the second half of 2025. Dogwood's antiviral program includes IMC-1 and IMC-2, which are novel, proprietary, fixed-dose combinations of anti-herpes antivirals and the anti-inflammatory agent celecoxib. These combination antiviral approaches are being applied to the treatment of illnesses believed to be related to reactivation of previously dormant herpesviruses, including fibromyalgia ('FM') and Long-COVID ('LC'). IMC-1 is poised to progress into Phase 3 development as a treatment for FM and is the focus of external partnership activities. IMC-2 has been assessed in both active control and double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials and, in both cases, demonstrated successful reduction of the fatigue associated with LC. The company has reached an agreement with FDA on using reduction in fatigue as the primary endpoint for future LC research and is currently planning to advance IMC-2 into Phase 2b research. For more information, please visit Follow Dogwood Therapeutics Email Alerts: LinkedIn: Twitter: Facebook: Forward-Looking Statements Statements in this press release contain 'forward-looking statements,' within the meaning of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, that are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements, other than statements of historical fact, contained in this press release are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements contained in this press release may be identified by the use of words such as 'anticipate,' 'believe,' 'contemplate,' 'could,' 'estimate,' 'expect,' 'intend,' 'seek,' 'may,' 'might,' 'plan,' 'potential,' 'predict,' 'project,' 'suggest,' 'target,' 'aim,' 'should,' "will,' 'would,' or the negative of these words or other similar expressions, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. Forward-looking statements are based on Dogwood's current expectations and are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and assumptions that are difficult to predict, including risks related to the completion, timing and results of current and future clinical studies relating to Dogwood's product candidates. Further, certain forward-looking statements are based on assumptions as to future events that may not prove to be accurate. These and other risks and uncertainties are described more fully in the section titled 'Risk Factors' in the Amended Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year ended December 31, 2023 and the Company's quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2024, which are filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Forward-looking statements contained in this announcement are made as of this date, and Dogwood undertakes no duty to update such information except as required under applicable law. 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Yahoo
12-03-2025
- Business
- Yahoo
Dogwood Therapeutics, Inc. Announces Conversion of Existing $19.5M in Debt to Equity, Strengthening Balance Sheet Moving Forward
Largest shareholder, CK Life Sciences Int'l., (Holdings) Inc. agrees to conversion of debt into equity, removing all existing debt from Dogwood's balance sheet ATLANTA, March 12, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Dogwood Therapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq: DWTX) ('Dogwood' or the 'Company'), a development-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on advancing first-in-class, non-opioid, treatments for chronic and acute pain, announces that its largest shareholder, CK Life Sciences Int'l., (Holdings), Inc. ('CKLS') has agreed, through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Conjoint Inc. ('Conjoint'), to assign to the Company all outstanding indebtedness under the previously existing $19.5 million Loan Agreement plus accrued interest in exchange for 284.2638 shares of preferred equity of the Company, effective today. 'We believe the decision by CKLS to exchange the outstanding loan amounts for equity in the Company is anchored to its conviction in Halneuron®, NaV 1.7 as a priority target for reducing pain. The conversion further underscores its confidence in the Dogwood management teams' ability to execute the Halneuron® Phase 2b chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain ('CINP') program,' said Greg Duncan, Dogwood's Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. 'This agreement enables us to remove all existing debt from our balance sheet, which, combined with the potential for Halneuron® to be the first FDA approved therapy to treat CINP, we believe makes us a more attractive investment opportunity moving forward.' The strategic financing, initially provided by CKLS in October 2024, ensures the Company has sufficient capital to recruit patients through a planned interim assessment of its ongoing Phase 2b CINP trial in Q4 of this year without the burden of making debt payments as originally structured. Dosing of the first patient in its Phase 2b clinical trial, referred to as the HALT-CINP (Halneuron® Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathic Pain) trial, is anticipated in the near term. Pursuant to the Debt Exchange and Cancellation Agreement entered into between Conjoint and the Company on March 12, 2025, the principal amount of all loans made to the Company under the Loan Agreement, along with accrued interest through March 12, 2025, will be deemed repaid by the Company and all of the Company's obligations with respect to the principal amount and accrued interest will be satisfied in full and cancelled. In exchange, the Company has agreed to issue to Conjoint 284.2638 shares of Series A-1 Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share ('A-1 Preferred Stock'). Each share of A-1 Preferred Stock will be convertible into 10,000 shares of the Company's common stock, subject to and contingent upon approval of the Company's stockholders and relevant Nasdaq rules and regulations. The terms of the A-1 Preferred Stock are substantially the same as the Company's Series A Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock, except that the terms of the A-1 Preferred Stock do not provide for any cash settlement or dividend rights. Halneuron® is a first-in-class, NaV 1.7 specific voltage gated sodium channel inhibitor being developed as an alternative to chronic pain treatment with opioids. Patients treated with Halneuron® demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in cancer-related pain in a previous Phase 2 clinical trial with an acceptable safety profile. Halneuron® has been evaluated in over 700 patients in a series of Phase 1 and Phase 2 studies and shows no signs of addiction potential. About Dogwood Therapeutics Dogwood Therapeutics (Nasdaq: DWTX) is a development-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on developing new medicines to treat pain and fatigue-related disorders. The Dogwood research pipeline includes two separate mechanistic platforms with a non-opioid analgesic program and an antiviral program. The proprietary, non-opioid, NaV 1.7 analgesic program is centered on our lead development candidate, Halneuron®, which is a highly specific voltage-gated sodium channel modulator, a mechanism known to be effective for reducing pain transmission. In clinical studies, Halneuron® treatment has demonstrated pain reduction in pain related to general cancer and in pain related to chronic chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain ('CINP'). Interim data from the forthcoming Halneuron® Phase 2 CINP study are expected in Q4 of 2025. Dogwood's antiviral program includes IMC-1 and IMC-2, which are novel, proprietary, fixed-dose combinations of anti-herpes antivirals and the anti-inflammatory agent celecoxib. These combination antiviral approaches are being applied to the treatment of illnesses believed to be related to reactivation of previously dormant herpesviruses, including fibromyalgia ('FM') and Long-COVID ('LC'). IMC-1 is poised to progress into Phase 3 development as a treatment for FM and is the focus of external partnership activities. IMC-2 has been assessed in both active control and double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials and, in both cases, demonstrated successful reduction of the fatigue associated with LC. The company has reached an agreement with FDA on using reduction in fatigue as the primary endpoint for future LC research and is currently planning to advance IMC-2 into Phase 2b research. For more information, please visit Follow Dogwood Therapeutics Email Alerts: LinkedIn: Twitter: Facebook: Forward-Looking Statements Statements in this press release contain 'forward-looking statements,' within the meaning of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, that are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements, other than statements of historical fact, contained in this press release are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements contained in this press release may be identified by the use of words such as 'anticipate,' 'believe,' 'contemplate,' 'could,' 'estimate,' 'expect,' 'intend,' 'seek,' 'may,' 'might,' 'plan,' 'potential,' 'predict,' 'project,' 'suggest,' 'target,' 'aim,' 'should,' "will,' 'would,' or the negative of these words or other similar expressions, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. Forward-looking statements are based on Dogwood's current expectations and are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and assumptions that are difficult to predict, including risks related to the completion, timing and results of current and future clinical studies relating to Dogwood's product candidates. Further, certain forward-looking statements are based on assumptions as to future events that may not prove to be accurate. These and other risks and uncertainties are described more fully in the section titled 'Risk Factors' in the Amended Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year ended December 31, 2023 and the Company's quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2024, which are filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Forward-looking statements contained in this announcement are made as of this date, and Dogwood undertakes no duty to update such information except as required under applicable law. 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