Latest news with #Pakistan-China
Business Recorder
6 days ago
- Business
- Business Recorder
CPEC framework: PCJCCI vows to strengthen institutional linkages
LAHORE: The Pakistan-China Joint Chamber of Commerce and Industry (PCJCCI) has reaffirmed its commitment to strengthening institutional linkages aimed at enhancing industrial cooperation and promoting bilateral economic progress under the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) framework. Nazir Hussain, President PCJCCI, emphasized that PCJCCI is fully aligned with the broader vision of industrial development and stands ready to act as a dynamic platform for fostering Pakistan-China collaboration. President PCJCCI said that there is a dire need to establish dedicated 'China Desks' at various public organizations across Pakistan. These desks would act as centralized facilitation points to provide Chinese investors and enterprises with streamlined access to regulatory support, project guidance, and business services. Having China Desks embedded within public institutions will significantly improve investor confidence, reduce procedural delays, and align stakeholders around shared industrial goals. Brig Mansoor Saeed Sheikh (Retd), Senior Vice President PCJCCI said that we aim to integrate private-sector strengths with enabling policy frameworks. This will not only attract greater Chinese investment but also support industrial modernization across key sectors in Pakistan. He further noted that PCJCCI will play a proactive role in facilitating access to Chinese green technologies and supporting eco-industrial transformation in the country. Zafar Iqbal, Vice President PCJCCI, highlighted the longstanding industrial partnership between Pakistan and China and said that we believe in enhancing practical linkages that lead to innovation, value addition, and long-term economic impact. Joint ventures between Pakistani and Chinese companies will be encouraged in sectors such as engineering, agro-processing, renewable energy, and electric vehicles. Innovation hubs and pilot industrial projects will also be explored. Salahuddin Hanif, Secretary General PCJCCI stated that Coordination and institutional synergy are key to driving progress. PCJCCI is working toward launching joint working groups, policy roundtables, and industrial matchmaking sessions. The PCJCCI continues to serve as a vital bridge between Pakistani industries and Chinese enterprises, with a focus on enabling investment, promoting technology transfer, and enhancing competitiveness in strategic sectors. The chamber remains committed to facilitating structured dialogue, business matchmaking, and project development that will contribute to Pakistan's sustainable industrial growth and regional economic integration. Copyright Business Recorder, 2025
Express Tribune
6 days ago
- Business
- Express Tribune
'China desks' proposed to woo investors
Listen to article The Pakistan-China Joint Chamber of Commerce and Industry (PCJCCI) has reaffirmed its commitment to strengthening institutional linkages aimed at enhancing industrial cooperation and promoting bilateral economic progress under the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) framework. In a statement, PCJCCI President Nazir Hussain emphasised that the chamber was fully aligned with the broader vision of industrial development and stood ready to act as a dynamic platform for fostering Pakistan-China collaboration. He underlined the dire need to establish dedicated "China desks" at various public organisations across Pakistan. These desks will act as centralised facilitation points to provide Chinese investors and enterprises with streamlined access to regulatory support, project guidance and business services. Having China desks embedded within public institutions would significantly improve investor confidence, reduce procedural delays and align stakeholders around shared industrial goals. PCJCCI Senior Vice President Brigadier (Retd) Mansoor Saeed Sheikh said, "We aim to integrate private-sector strengths with enabling policy frameworks. This will not only attract greater Chinese investment but also support industrial modernisation across key sectors in Pakistan." He noted that PCJCCI would play a proactive role in facilitating access to Chinese green technologies and promoting eco-industrial transformation in the country. PCJCCI Vice President Zafar Iqbal highlighted the longstanding industrial partnership between Pakistan and China and said "we believe in enhancing practical linkages that lead to innovation, value addition and long-term economic impact." Joint ventures between Pakistani and Chinese companies would be encouraged in sectors such as engineering, agro-processing, renewable energy and electric vehicles. Innovation hubs and pilot industrial projects would also be explored, he stressed. Secretary General Salahuddin Hanif stated that coordination and institutional synergy were the key to driving progress. In this regard, PCJCCI is working towards launching joint working groups, policy roundtables and industrial matchmaking sessions. "The chamber continues to serve as a vital bridge between Pakistani industries and Chinese enterprises, with a focus on enabling investment, promoting technology transfer and enhancing competitiveness in strategic sectors," he said. "It remains committed to facilitating structured dialogue, business matchmaking and project development that will contribute to Pakistan's sustainable industrial growth and regional economic integration."
The Hindu
7 days ago
- Business
- The Hindu
Pakistan is the Front Face for China in a War with India: Lt General D.S. Hooda
Published : Jul 16, 2025 17:13 IST - 16 MINS READ Two months since Operation Sindoor, the sounds of this four-day conflict with Pakistan continue reverberating. What emerges repeatedly is that China and Turkey helped Pakistan—not just with weapons, but likely real-time intelligence. This while India and China normalise relations. Lieutenant General Deepinder Singh Hooda, former General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of the Indian Army's Northern Command and Northern Army Commander during the 2016 surgical strikes., spoke to Frontline about what the war exposed about India's readiness, the China-Pakistan-Turkey nexus, and the future of India's war doctrine. Lieutenant General Rahul Singh spoke candidly about Operation Sindoor lessons. Three stood out: India faced three adversaries on a single border—Pakistan, Turkey, and China. China's real-time intelligence sharing gave Pakistan commanding oversight of our military assets. Operation Sindoor became a live lab for China to study. Given long military relationships between Pakistan-China and Pakistan-Turkey, why did this surprise our leadership? We procure weapons from many countries. Reports suggest US military intelligence helped India repel a 2022 People's Liberation Army (PLA) attack in Arunachal Pradesh. Why is India feeling overwhelmed by China's help to Pakistan rather than anticipating it? This fact is well known. Military cooperation between Pakistan and Turkey, Pakistan and China is documented. I'm not sure General Rahul R. Singh was surprised—he was stating facts. Pakistan-Turkey cooperation spans many years. Pakistan is Turkey's second biggest arms export market. In 2021, Turkey and Pakistan signed a deal to manufacture armed drones in Pakistan itself. Turkey's position on Kashmir is very clear—they completely support Pakistan. China has a much deeper relationship with Pakistan. More than 80 per cent of arms procured by Pakistan in the last five years have been from China. Pakistan is one country with access to China's Beidou satellite system, both civilian and military. Pakistan is the only country that can access military satellites and military systems of China. So there's no doubt they would be getting real-time intelligence, information, Chinese satellites would probably be helping with targeting, precision strikes. These facts should have been factored into our military plans leading up to Operation Sindoor. These are very well-known things to the military and political leadership. Were we prepared for this four-day war to be a two-front war? From statements that emerged, it seems like a complaint that China helped Pakistan rather than something factored in. As far as the military is concerned, they know exactly what systems are being supplied to Pakistan by China, how Pakistan is utilising them. Perhaps if there was surprise, it was how very well network centricity works in the Chinese system—they seem very well networked. On the two-front question, we have traditionally looked at two fronts as geographically separated—northern border where China operates, western border where Pakistan operates. We need to start re-looking, and experts are talking about it, that you could well have one front with two adversaries—Pakistan is the front face with almost complete support from China, unless of course troops on the ground. Our thinking about two front needs to factor this in now. He actually said three front—China, Pakistan, and Turkey. If we knew this already, were we prepared? But there's realisation that this conflict may have inadvertently exposed India's vulnerabilities when General Rahul Singh said this was a live lab situation where they could observe performance of their military hardware given Pakistan, as well as how India responded. Did India expose itself? Always happens that you can have the best plans, equipment, strategy and tactics, but the real test comes in conflict. When you have kinetic attacks taking place, it exposes both strengths and vulnerabilities in your system, just as it exposed strengths and vulnerabilities of what the Pakistanis have. The Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) admitted there were some tactical shortfalls on the first day that led to some combat losses of aircraft. Lessons were learned and corrective measures put in place. Certainly, both strengths and vulnerabilities are literally exposed only during conflict. Both sides would be taking lessons from this. Even China would be very seriously looking at performance of their system. Some worked well. There was talk that the air defence system didn't work as well as they expected because they were unable to counter Indian strikes, particularly on May 9 and 10. All three sides will be looking at these issues. Why is there dissonance between military and political leadership messaging? The CDS said there were losses during combat, Indian Air Force losses. But the national security advisor in Chennai challenged anyone to provide photographic proof of even a single damaged structure. Why is political leadership saying we taught Pakistan a lesson while military leadership talks about our vulnerabilities? Political leadership on both sides will claim victory. Even Pakistan is saying they have been victorious. From the Indian perspective, it would be fair to say that in this short four-day conflict, India came out on top. We struck all the terrorist camps we set out to do. We managed to, once Pakistan responded with drone attacks and missiles over the next two, three days, largely hold them off without major damage on our side. As matters escalated, we carried out very successful strikes on May 9 and 10, which caused serious damage to aerial infrastructure, airfields, radar stations, air defence side. Dispassionately looking at it, India did well, India did better than Pakistan did. That's the context of how political leadership is framing it. As far as the military is concerned, one key element of a professional military is the ability to learn lessons from conflicts. It would be absolutely unprofessional if we said everything went fine, that there are really no lessons. The CDS was candid enough to admit shortfalls, which led to losses, leading to lessons learned, practices put in place that helped us succeed. Also Read | India-China will remain in state of armed co-existence until mistrust goes: Vijay Gokhale Are both leaderships on the same page, but conveying different messages? In different contexts. Political leadership is looking at it as a whole and saying, this is what we set out to do and this is what we've done. The military has said we have done a good job, but there are lessons we need to learn, and that is a good thing. After a four-year standoff with China at the Line of Actual Control (LAC), India is pursuing normalisation. External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar is traveling to China today for the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation meeting and bilateral conversation with Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi. Shouldn't India be asking China about its role in helping Pakistan against India? Shouldn't that be on the agenda? It's well known that China has been supporting Pakistan both militarily and diplomatically. Chinese statements have come out saying their partnership with Pakistan is not directed at any other country. General Rahul has called it out by saying this is how it was. He used terms like Pakistan has been using China directly as a proxy to fight against India. How do we deal with it diplomatically? We need a more nuanced position. We are currently in the phase of trying to normalise relations after a difficult four and a half, five years. Does it suit us to have tension on the LAC at this time or to rake up these issues? There is dependency—trade dependency, pharmaceuticals, electronic parts, industrial equipment. This dependency is not going away in a hurry. We need to see what kind of strategic costs we are willing to pay. Doesn't mean we are turning a completely blind eye to whatever China is doing. We are seeing greater capability building along the LAC, infrastructure development is happening. Slowly we are trying to reduce our dependencies. We are talking about Make in India. But all this is going to take time. As far as dealing with China is concerned, perhaps outrage and emotion that has marked our dealings with Turkey need to be kept aside and the most strategic position taken. Different strokes for different folks—with Turkey we can afford to call them out, whereas with China we have to be more careful because of power asymmetry? There is power asymmetry. There are dependencies. China is our immediate neighbour. We have an unsettled border, which has created problems for both countries. Turkey is a distant neighbor, hardly have any trade. There were some defence deals supposed to be done between India and Turkey, but they've been called off because of statements supporting Pakistan. The relationship is different. The costs of calling out both countries are different. We can't deal with them with the same brush. Is normalising relations despite everything—China's support for Pakistan militarily, diplomatically, including helping water down UN Security Council statements after Pahalgam—the way forward? Should we think of normalising ties with Pakistan then? It would be ideal if you could normalise relations with Pakistan, but positions are today so far apart on two issues—Kashmir as far as Pakistan is concerned, and terrorism as far as India is concerned—that normalisation at this current juncture looks difficult. But between the two countries, there needs to be some communication channels that are open. If you can't have official communication channels, at least keep back channel communications in place. If a crisis occurs, management of that crisis bilaterally will only happen if there are mechanisms and back channels in place. Otherwise, then you will have issues like the two countries are not talking to each other. Then obviously third party mediation is warranted. Pakistan will go running to America or to Saudi Arabia. This is something we say we don't want. DGMO [Director General of Military Operations] hotline exists, but this is basically meant for tactical military issues. If political, diplomatic issues, strategic issues are to be discussed, there needs to be some channel between the two countries. When India and Pakistan arrived at the 2021 ceasefire agreement, thinking was that India had done well to de-hyphenate this, helping India focus on the LAC in Eastern Ladakh. From how the conversation is developing about how China helped Pakistan, is that idea of de-hyphenation no longer valid? Do we have to think of them as a hyphenated entity? Double the trouble. We did well in the past—our approach to the two countries was different diplomatically, politically, even militarily. It was for good reason. You pointed out the ceasefire that came about in 2021. Can we let this one issue dominate our complete bilateral ties with China? That because you are helping Pakistan militarily, this is going to be the key issue as far as India-China relations is concerned. I think that would be wrong because it would seriously limit our options on how we are dealing with China. We ourselves are very sensitive about hyphenation. India should not be hyphenated at all with Pakistan. The two different countries need to look at these two countries differently. The same approach has to be followed. Why do we think it's a good strategy to hyphenate Pakistan and China? Two completely different kinds of countries. People talking about equal hostility to both—I don't think that will work. Does it surprise you that the ceasefire is actually holding? It shattered during the conflict itself, Poonch took the brunt, but it's back to being observed. Even prior to Operation Sindoor, despite everything happening in Jammu and Kashmir—series of terror attacks in the Jammu region, hundreds of terrorists infiltrating across the IB or line of control—ceasefire was holding. There are good reasons why it was holding and the same reasons apply now. The kind of relief it provided to the local population—the ceasefire really was fighting between the two armies, but casualties were mostly civilians. Their daily lives were affected. After Operation Sindoor, both DGMOs have spoken and said, let's have a complete ceasefire. I'm not surprised the ceasefire is currently holding. But I would say it's a fragile ceasefire. You have these major terror incidents, some action is taken, immediately the ceasefire is going to break down. Will Pakistan now be a little more cautious about what it does with sending terrorists into India? That to some extent will define if the ceasefire holds because you can't isolate it from the political and diplomatic aspects. There's this whole business of new normal—if there's another terrorist attack, we launch another military operation against Pakistan. Do you think another conflict with Pakistan is inevitable? In some ways, it is inevitable for a couple of reasons. India has laid down a new doctrine which says a major terror attack will be decisively responded to. Pakistan nuclear blackmail and nuclear bluff is not going to work. We don't distinguish between terrorists and their handlers, which means Pakistan military is a direct target. We are not distinguishing between terrorists and Pakistan military, which is helping these terrorists. This makes the whole situation more crisis prone. Whether it will lead to major war, all-out conflict, I don't know. But my sense is the risks have increased of conflict between India and Pakistan. The next crisis, in my view, you could see much faster escalation. You could see geographically spread—this time, fortunately, the Indian Navy did not get involved, but they were ready. If the crisis lasts maybe a week, you could well see even the Navy involved. There are risks here to how the situation is moving between India and Pakistan. With the new red lines that have been laid down by India, unless Pakistan really controls terrorist groups—which I'm not sure even if they want to, they can—you could well see a new crisis. When General Rahul Singh made his statements about lessons to be learned, was he warning that politicians can make speeches about a new normal, launching military response to terrorist attacks in Pakistan, but that may not be the wisest option because now you have to consider this reinforced one border, three adversaries fighting you? I wouldn't interpret it that way. In a democracy, decisions are taken, political objectives are laid down by political leaders. If the prime minister lays down some red lines, the military gives professional advice and says, this is how we suggest we should do. But ultimately, the decision to use military force or not is that of the political leader. What has happened with the new red lines, and the CDS also mentioned, means that the military will have to remain in a much higher state of readiness. Not like 1971, where you will get six months to prepare and then go for an all-out war. But a major terrorist attack can happen. In all three instances of 2016, 2019, and 2025, the military had to respond in about 10 days, which means high levels of readiness. The government has said, this is how we want you to do this. I just hope it gives the military everything it needs to be prepared for operations at very short notice—adequate stocking levels, not running around for emergency procurement. And second, the fact that you are going to see a degree of collusion between Pakistan and China, and therefore equip the Indian military with whatever it needs to handle that threat. Is there something we can do to prevent it from happening at all? Communication between the two sides. Before a crisis happens, before it turns into conflict, if there are some crisis management mechanisms, communications happening between say the NSAs on both sides. It's a fact that India is now fed up with this 30 to 35 years of continuous terrorist attacks coming from Pakistan. Patience has run out. Even if tomorrow there's a new government in place, the standards that have been set are not going to change. People are going to expect something to happen. Can we stave off this crisis? It can only happen if we are talking to each other, finding some via media during a crisis to stave off the direct use of military. Also Read | In dealing with Pakistan, India has to choose from a menu of bad options: T.C.A. Raghavan Many military commentators talk about a three front against India—China, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. How real is this assessment militarily? On the military threat from Bangladesh, I would say it's a bit exaggerated. Let's not think it is on the same lines as Pakistan or China where we actually have live frontiers, live borders. What's happened in the past few months is Bangladesh getting closer to China, ties between Bangladesh and Pakistan are improving. But frankly, it's more a diplomatic challenge. I would not take this as a direct military threat. Yes, there is anti-India sentiment, anti-India rhetoric happening. But there is also huge dependency. Trade through land routes via India, they are hugely dependent on that. They're getting energy, electricity from India. Thirty per cent of their cotton comes from India for their textile industry, which is their biggest export market. They understand the limits of how much they can push. I don't really see it translating into a direct military threat. People are talking about radicalisation, and that's something we need to look at. But I wouldn't say a third front has opened up against India. When an elected government is in place, perhaps you will find dealing with greater maturity and responsibility than the current unelected interim government. Diplomatically is where we need to look at how to deal with Bangladesh. The reference when people talk about this third front is that Pakistan or China may use Bangladesh territory to launch sub-conventional attacks—Bangladesh territory may be used for militant outfits or radicalised Islamist outfits. There is a level of radicalisation happening. It's for us to check our borders, make sure physical movement doesn't happen. Some of that has to be dealt with ourselves. Our own policies with regard to dealing with radicalism are also not fully matured. Where do you hear of counter radicalisation drives? Getting extremist elements trying to get them back into the mainstream? Some things could happen, but I will not take that so much as a live threat as compared to Pakistan and China. Even with Pakistan, in Kashmir, policing our own borders better, guarding our frontiers, making sure terrorists do not get to launch attacks inside the country—preventing it rather than being forced to do something after the fact—should be the approach in Kashmir as well, not just on the Bangladesh border. Absolutely. There is a lot of focus on counter infiltration in Jammu and Kashmir. The terrain is also different. Particularly in the Kashmir Valley, in the winters, you'll get 20 feet of snow. Your fence gets completely damaged and has to be repaired every year. Fighting keeps happening on the borders, which also makes counter infiltration difficult. Some of these challenges are not there on the Bangladesh border, but I completely agree. Strengthening of the counter infiltration grid in Jammu and Kashmir is an integral and essential part of our strategy to counter terrorism. Nirupama Subramanian is an independent journalist who has worked earlier at The Hindu and at The Indian Express.
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First Post
16-07-2025
- Politics
- First Post
How Op Sindoor oversaw the trailer of China-Pakistan two-front threat
Beijing as a major player will prefer to remain invisible, and it is in this grey zone that India will witness greater Pakistan-China collusivity, which will get compounded in times to come read more China's official responses to the April 22 Pahalgam terrorist attack mirrored Pakistan's narrative—advocating a 'quick and fair investigation' of the Pahalgam attack and expressing 'full understanding' of Islamabad's 'legitimate security concerns'. While the Chinese Foreign Office spokesperson termed the May 7 response by India on terrorist targets in Pakistan as 'regrettable', China also collaborated with Pakistan in diluting the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) Press Statement, excising any direct reference to The Resistance Front—a proxy of Pakistan-based Lashkar-e-Taiba and the group behind the Pahalgam attack. More recently, it also prevented an inclusion of the terror attack in the draft Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) communique, resulting in the Defence Minister Rajnath Singh refusing to sign the document on June 25, as it would have weakened India's position on terrorism and regional security. STORY CONTINUES BELOW THIS AD The Chinese media also played an active role in shaping perceptions by amplifying Pakistan's propaganda. The digital landscape also underscored China's active alignment with Pakistan's strategic messaging, which included celebrating the alleged success of Chinese-origin military platforms deployed by Pakistan. A recurring theme was the concern that the crisis could escalate into a nuclear conflict, prompting calls for international diplomatic intervention to prevent further escalation. However, the Chinese role is now no longer restricted to the dimensions of diplomacy, economy, supply of military hardware, and strategic communications. It has metamorphosed to a degree where a conflict with Pakistan now openly involves China, as Pakistan's military capability in terms of weapons and technology has been boosted by China. It is well known that Pakistan is the biggest buyer of Chinese military hardware, but it is now the 'military software', as evidenced during Operation Sindoor, which is concerning. Deputy Army Chief's Remarks On July 04, the Deputy Chief of Army Staff, Lt Gen Rahul R Singh, while speaking on Operation Sindoor, reinforced this important aspect of the China-Pakistan nexus when he stated that China was an ever-present factor bolstering Pakistan's military efforts through unprecedented battlefield collusion during Operation Sindoor. Drones, cyber operations, and net-centric warfare elements employed by Pakistan showed unmistakable imprints of the 'Chinese military playbook'. The Deputy Chief also said that Chinese Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) systems provided real-time data, situational awareness, and surveillance capabilities to the Pakistani forces. Even civilian assets such as the Chinese fishing fleet were reportedly leveraged to monitor Indian naval deployments, while Pakistan's Navy remained coastal-bound. STORY CONTINUES BELOW THIS AD He stated that Pakistan had full visibility into Indian military deployments, which was made evident during the Director General of Military Operations (DGMO)-level talks by disclosing that 'When the DGMO-level talks were going on, Pakistan actually was mentioning that 'we know that your such-and-such important vector is primed and ready for action. I would request you to perhaps pull it back'. It is apparent that Pakistan was getting these inputs … from China'. Operation Sindoor was also a test bed for China's defence industry, validating its platforms and collecting performance data in real combat. As per him, 81 per cent of Pakistan's military hardware acquired in the last five years is from China. He said that China was using Pakistan as a 'live lab' to test its weapons against various other weapon systems. To quote Siemon Wezeman of the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), 'Any state producing or buying weapons is keen to see how the product does in real conflict. Tests and exercises can tell most about the capabilities of weapons, but the ultimate test is often combat.' STORY CONTINUES BELOW THIS AD This in turn allows the Chinese to improve and upgrade their product for the next conflict. These upgrades will probably be available to Pakistan, which will be better prepared in the future. Lieutenant General Singh revealed that during Operation Sindoor, India faced not just Pakistan but effectively three adversaries on one border. 'Pakistan was the front face. We had China providing all possible support … Turkey also played a very important role in providing the type of support that was there.' He also disclosed that Turkey provided substantial support to Pakistan, including Bayraktar drones and trained personnel. 'Turkey also played a very important role in providing the type of support that was there. Bayraktar, of course, has been there. We saw numerous other drones also coming in during the war, along with trained sorts of individuals who were there,' he revealed. This brings out Turkey's active role in supporting Pakistan against India, indicating a broader geopolitical alignment that extends beyond traditional Pakistan-China cooperation. STORY CONTINUES BELOW THIS AD China Downplays Remarks On July 7, China downplayed the deputy chief's remarks, and its foreign ministry spokesperson Mao Ning said at a media briefing, 'I am not familiar with the specifics you mentioned. Let me say that China and Pakistan are close neighbours who enjoy traditional friendship. Defence and security cooperation is part of the normal cooperation between the two countries and does not target any third party.' At the same time, Mao said the India-China relationship is in a 'critical moment of improvement and development' and Beijing would like to promote steady growth of bilateral ties with New Delhi. When it was pointed out that China's active support in providing live inputs to Pakistan during the conflict was contrary to her assertion that the close ties do not target any third party, Mao said, 'I am not sure how that allegation came about. Different people may have different perspectives.' In sync with these remarks, the Pakistan Army Chief, General Asim Munir, now 'Field Marshal', in an address to graduating officers at the National Defence University in Islamabad, said, 'Insinuations regarding external support in Pakistan's successful Operation Bunyanum Marsoos are irresponsible and factually incorrect.' STORY CONTINUES BELOW THIS AD Pakistan-China Collusivity The handing over of Shaksgam Valley in Gilgit–Baltistan by Pakistan to China in 1963 was a defining moment in Pakistan-China relations. In 1964, Pakistan became the first non-communist country to begin its flights to China. In March 1965, Pakistan denounced the 'Two China policy' of the US. China now began to regard Pakistan as a trustworthy partner in South Asia. The 1965 India-Pakistan war proved to be a real catalyst in cementing these ties, as China fully supported Pakistan. In 1971, the US used Pakistan to reach out to China, and in recent years China has always stood by Pakistan at all international forums and provided them all possible support, including the transfer of advanced missile and nuclear technologies. During Operation Sindoor, Chinese-origin systems were employed by Pakistan. The Pakistan Air Force's deployment of Chinese J-10C fighters armed with PL-15 beyond-visual-range missiles, alongside HQ-9 air defence systems, and the operational integration honed over years of joint exercises such as the Shaheen series were visible. This interoperability was not just symbolic. It was translated into tactical advantages in real-time combat. STORY CONTINUES BELOW THIS AD China's BeiDou satellite navigation system played a critical role, including in missile guidance for the PL-15, reaffirming the direct integration of Chinese systems into Pakistani battlefield operations. The Chinese satellite network Baidu continuously searched, identified, and tracked targets on the Indian side, and thereafter the data was fed to the fire control systems of the aircraft that were being tested by China through the air force of its autonomous region—Pakistan. Therefore, the air-to-air missiles could have found a target on the Indian side of the Line of Control (LoC). On May 12, Air Marshal A K Bharti, Director General of Air Operations, presented visual evidence of missile remnants and named China-supplied weapons in the Pakistani arsenal used against the Indian Armed Forces. 'You can see the pieces of it on the screen,' he said, showcasing debris of the PL-15 long-range missile that fell inside Indian territory, including a relatively intact rear section recovered from Hoshiarpur in Punjab. STORY CONTINUES BELOW THIS AD Reports also indicate the fusion of the Swedish Saab 2000 Erieye airborne early warning and control (AEW&C) platform alongside Chinese systems to target Indian aircraft, reflecting a sophisticated convergence of multi-origin platforms, many of which are enabled or integrated by Chinese technologies. Pakistan's announcement on June 6 of China offering it its fifth-generation J-35 stealth fighters, the KJ-500 AEW&C aircraft, and the HQ-19 ballistic missile defence system reinforces its position as the foremost recipient of Chinese frontline military hardware. China and Pakistan have a shared enmity with India, and Pakistan, with its geostrategic location, is integral to China's transformation to a global power, as it provides Beijing connectivity through both the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and the Maritime Silk Route. Conclusion The fact is that India is dealing with the legacy of the unsettled borders with both China and Pakistan on the LoC, Actual Ground Position Line (AGPL), and LAC. This has resulted in the deployment of forces to safeguard our territorial sovereignty. Post the June 2020 Galwan crisis, while disengagement has taken place, the deinduction of troops has not. The ceasefire along the LoC has also effectively collapsed post Operation Sindoor. The collusion is no longer in the realm of fantasy; it is a fact. The lessons from Operation Sindoor should guide India's threat assessments, force modernisation, and operational thought process. This fundamentally changes India's strategic calculus and defence planning, as it confirms the two-front collusive threat is not a theoretical construct for the Indian military but an operational reality. We therefore need to secure ourselves and promote our national interests by building on our economy and strengthening our military capabilities. While speaking at an event hosted by the Observer Research Foundation on 08 July, Chief of Defence Staff General Anil Chauhan said, 'There is a possible convergence of interest we can talk about between China, Pakistan, and Bangladesh that may have implications for India's stability and security dynamics.' Operation Sindoor has demonstrated that conflicts will not be fought as per the previous templates. The focus, though shifting to multi-domain operations, is on non-contact kinetic attacks using long-range vectors and air to facilitate precision strikes apart from cyber, economic, legal, information, and proxy wars. In such a scenario China as a major player will prefer to remain invisible, and it is in this grey zone that we will witness greater collusivity, which will get compounded in times to come. The author is a retired Major General of the Indian Army. Views expressed in the above piece are personal and solely those of the author. They do not necessarily reflect Firstpost's views.
Business Recorder
14-07-2025
- Business
- Business Recorder
Chinese experts' report: Minister reviews finalisation of sectoral action plan
ISLAMABAD: Federal Minister for Planning, Development & Special Initiatives, Ahsan Iqbal, chaired a high-level meeting in Islamabad to review the implementation and finalisation of the sectoral action plan based on the Chinese experts' Report. The meeting was attended by Secretary Planning Awais Manzur Sumra, Vice Chancellor PIDE, Chief Economist, Project Director CPEC Secretariat, and senior officials from various ministries and divisions. The report shared by the Chinese Embassy was prepared by Chinese Working Teams following their visit to Pakistan to assess potential areas of enhanced economic cooperation. The report outlined key observations and recommendations in different sectors such as connectivity, the development of a national agricultural plan, Gwadar Port linkages, IT collaboration, and other strategic areas. Ministries were requested to review the report and provide feedback. In line with the directions of Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, 10 federal focal groups were constituted to develop sector-specific action plans in response to the technical assessments presented by the Chinese expert teams. Since then, the Ministry of Planning under the chairmanship of Minister Ahsan Iqbal has held multiple rounds of meetings to shape the final action plan and has consistently encouraged the ministries to align their inputs with Chinese recommendations and outline a clear path forward. During the meeting, all relevant ministries discussed the sectoral suggestions made by the Chinese teams and presented updates on their respective projects. Minister Ahsan Iqbal directed that each ministry must prepare a comprehensive response based on the Chinese Experts' Report so that the CPEC Secretariat can compile and submit a unified, detailed reply to the Chinese side. He also directed that China should be formally informed about the progress made by Pakistan on the recommendations, and efforts should be made to fully capitalize on the areas and projects for which China has already expressed willingness to cooperate. The meeting marks a significant step towards deepening Pakistan-China economic cooperation and ensuring that both sides move forward with a shared understanding and commitment to mutual development goals. Copyright Business Recorder, 2025
