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India Gazette
15-07-2025
- Business
- India Gazette
India to invest over half a billion dollars to expand naval shipbuilding yard
State-run Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders is aiming increase its capacity to construct and repair warships and submarines India is planning to invest up to $588 million in its shipbuilding infrastructure in Mumbai, India Today reports, citing sources. Government-run Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL) is looking to reclaim 10 acres of marine area near its existing Mumbai facility to create two new basins for the simultaneous construction and repair of large warships and submarines, according to the report. The expansion will help the dockyard meet the Indian Navy's increasing demand for advanced platforms, according to the report. It will also help double the current deadweight handling capacity from 40,000 tons to 80,000 tons. Deadweight handling capacity refers to the total weight a ship can carry, excluding the weight of the ship. MDL has also secured a 29-year lease for 15 acres of land, where shipbuilding activities have already begun. It currently has a capacity to build 11 submarines and 10 warships simultaneously, which is expected to increase as the shipyard works on two major submarine projects for the navy. The Mumbai expansion is also expected to play a crucial role in helping the Indian Navy achieve its ambitious goal of having a fleet of 175 ships and reaching 100% indigenization by 2047. Earlier this month, Andrey Puchkov, CEO of Russia's largest shipbuilding company, United Shipbuilding Corporation, said the company would like to take part in Indian defense indigenization efforts. India is building frigates which are part of the Triput class at the Goa shipyard, with transfer of technology and design assistance from Russia.
India Gazette
15-07-2025
- Business
- India Gazette
India to invest over half a billion dollars to expand naval shipyard
State-run Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders is aiming increase its capacity to construct and repair warships and submarines India is planning to invest up to $588 million in its shipbuilding infrastructure in Mumbai, India Today reports, citing sources. Government-run Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL) is looking to reclaim 10 acres of marine area near its existing Mumbai facility to create two new basins for the simultaneous construction and repair of large warships and submarines, according to the report. The expansion will help the dockyard meet the Indian Navy's increasing demand for advanced platforms, according to the report. It will also help double the current deadweight handling capacity from 40,000 tons to 80,000 tons. Deadweight handling capacity refers to the total weight a ship can carry, excluding the weight of the ship. MDL has also secured a 29-year lease for 15 acres of land, where shipbuilding activities have already begun. It currently has a capacity to build 11 submarines and 10 warships simultaneously, which is expected to increase as the shipyard works on two major submarine projects for the navy. The Mumbai expansion is also expected to play a crucial role in helping the Indian Navy achieve its ambitious goal of having a fleet of 175 ships and reaching 100% indigenization by 2047. Earlier this month, Andrey Puchkov, CEO of Russia's largest shipbuilding company, United Shipbuilding Corporation, said the company would like to take part in Indian defense indigenization efforts. India is building frigates which are part of the Triput class at the Goa shipyard, with transfer of technology and design assistance from Russia.
Indian Express
04-07-2025
- General
- Indian Express
Tamal, the last imported warship
With the commissioning of INS Tamal at the Yantar Shipyard in Kaliningrad, Russia on Tuesday, the Indian Navy has likely inducted its last foreign-built warship. This is a major milestone for the Navy, which has, over the years, progressively indigenised shipbuilding, increasing bit by bit the indigenous content in warships, as well as designing them in India. INS Tamal is the eighth Talwar-class frigate — these are improved versions of the Krivak III-class frigates — built by Russia for the Indian Navy as a part of Project 1135.6. It is also the second of four additional follow-on ships of the class that were ordered in 2018. The first, INS Tushil, was commissioned in Kaliningrad in December last year. The final two, Triput and Tavasya, are being built in India by the Goa Shipyard Limited with transfer of technology and design assistance from Russia. Triput, which was launched into sea last July and is expected to be commissioned in 2026, will be India's first indigenously built Talwar-class frigate. This is the story of INS Tamal, and the Indian Navy's journey towards indigenisation. Tamal: A moving sea fortress INS Tamal is a multirole frigate with a displacement of 4,035 long tonnes (1 long tonne = 1,016 kg) at full load, a length of 124.8 m, and a beam (width at its widest point) of 15.2 m. It has a maximum speed of 30 knots (56 km/h), and a range of upto 4,850 nautical miles (8,980 km). The ship will be manned by a crew of 250 sailors and 26 officers. The Navy describes INS Tamal as a 'formidable moving fortress at sea', and says that it is capable of carrying out blue water operations in all four dimensions of modern naval warfare — air, surface, underwater and electromagnetic. AIR: INS Tamal carries two kinds of anti-aircraft missiles — 24 vertically-launched Shtil surface-to-air missiles with a range of upto 70 km, and eight short-range Igla missiles. At close range, incoming aircraft and missiles can also be fended off by the ship's two AK-630s: fully-automated 30 mm rotary cannons that can fire more than 5,000 rounds per minute. SURFACE: INS Tamal's anti-ship/ land attack capabilities are centred around the BrahMos supersonic cruise missile. The ship carries a complement of eight such missiles which boast an operational range in the hundreds of kilometres, and can fly at speeds of upto Mach 3 (3,700 km/h). The frigate also has one 100 mm A-190E main gun: this can fire 25 kg shells to distances of more than 20 km. UNDERWATER: For anti-submarine warfare (ASW), INS Tamal has a RBU ASW rocket-launcher, which can fire salvos of upto 12 rockets equipped with depth charges at a time. The frigate also has two 533 mm torpedo tubes, capable of launching heavyweight torpedoes. EW: INS Tamal boasts a complement of advanced electronic warfare (EW) suite and advanced Electro-Optical/Infra-Red systems, which act as ears and eyes of the platform. EW suite includes decoy launching systems which disrupt enemy radar, and jammers. The warship can also accommodate the upgraded Anti-submarine and Airborne Early Warning helicopters, the Kamov 28 and Kamov 31, which, according to the Navy, act as 'major force multipliers'. The Navy had previously stated that INS Tamal's design provides it with enhanced stealth features and greater stability characteristics, and that it is equipped with complex automated systems for nuclear, biological and chemical defence, including damage control and firefighting that can be operated centrally from sheltered posts. 'These complex systems aid in minimising casualties, achieve rapid restoration of combat effectiveness, enhancing combat capability and survivability,' the Navy had said. INS Tamal will soon set sail for its home port in Karwar, Karnataka. Towards indigenisation The Navy has said that INS Tamal will be the last imported warship to be inducted into its fleet. This is the culmination of a decades-long push towards indigenisation of naval shipbuilding, and a major milestone in the road to aatmanirbharta (self-reliance) in defence. In the early years after Independence, India neither had the know-how to build its own ships, nor the resources to develop this capability. It was thus compelled to acquire frigates and destroyers from other countries, mostly the UK and the erstwhile USSR. Nonetheless, even at that time, the Navy understood the importance of indigenous shipbuilding, and took continuous steps to make this a reality. INS Ajay, a small patrol vessel commissioned in 1960, was the first indigenously-built ship in India. Leander-class frigates started being produced in Mazagon Docks with British collaboration in the late 1960s. But at this time, the indigenous content of these ships (that is, the components and materials which were actually produced in India rather than imported and simply assembled) remained minimal. For instance, Leander-class frigates of the 1970s had just 15% indigenous content. This would steadily increase over the years. Kolkata-class destroyers produced in the 2000s boasted 59% indigenous content, while the latest Vishakhapatnam and Nilgiri classes are more than 75% indigenous. The Navy also made efforts to design ships in India. It set up the Central Design Office (CDO) in 1964, which eventually grew to be the Directorate of Naval Design (DND) in 1970. By the 1990s, this was designing aircraft carriers, submarines, and guided missile destroyers. The Directorate of Indigenisation was established at the naval headquarters in New Delhi in 2005. This was followed by the creation of indigenous development field units at Mumbai and Visakhapatnam in March 2010. The Navy's way forward Today, the majority of the Navy's warships are built indigenously, using more than 75% indigenous components. Several Indian shipyards, both public-sector and privately held, build ships for the Navy. In the seventh and latest volume of the Naval History Project, titled A Decade of Transformation: The Indian Navy 2011-21, Captain M Doraibabu and Commander Amrut Dilip Godbole write about the steady growth in India's shipbuilding capabilities. They wrote that during 2001–11, the Navy added 57,000 tonnes and 33 ships to its inventory. This grew to 92,000 tonnes and 40 ships from 2011-21, mostly from indigenous sources. Of the 39 ships built for the Navy in 2011-21, 33 were built in Indian shipyards, and of the 39 ships on order as of 2021, 37 are being built in India — the two exceptions being INS Tushil, which was commissioned last year, and Tamal. Even these two frigates built in Russia have a sizable indigenous component — INS Tamal is built with 26% indigenous components. Between June and December this year, the Navy is set to commission 9-10 warships. It is learnt that several more will be commissioned over the next four to five years. All of these will be built in India. FRIGATE: short history of a multirole naval vessel * During Europe's Age of Sail, the term 'frigate' was used to describe fully-rigged ships (with three or more masts) built primarily for speed and manoeuverability, and intended to be used in scouting, escort, and patrol roles. While designs varied, these ships were smaller than ships of the line, the mainstays of naval battle in this era, and typically had only one gun deck. * The term fell out of use as warships without sails appeared on the scene in the second half of the 19th century. Naval tactics evolved, and frigates were effectively replaced by 'cruisers' with different levels of armour and armament. * Frigates re-entered the naval lexicon during World War II. The Royal Navy used the term to describe vessels that were larger than corvettes but smaller than destroyers. They were primarily used as anti-submarine escort vessels: protecting Allied mercantile ships from German u-boat attacks in the Atlantic. Apart from their names, these modern frigates did not share much in common with models from past centuries. * The post-War development of missile technology made it possible for relatively small ships to pack tremendous firepower, further spurring the return of frigates to navies around the world. * Today, frigates are primarily meant to serve as platforms for guided missile systems. They can serve in a variety of roles, from anti-submarine, anti-ship, and anti-aircraft warfare to land attacks, and can fight either solo or as part of a larger naval formation.
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First Post
06-05-2025
- Business
- First Post
India vs Pakistan in Arabian Sea: INS Tamal is coming and it's a worry for China-tied Pak navy
With the induction of the stealth frigate INS Tamal, India deepens its maritime edge widening the technological and strategic gap over Pakistan's surface fleet read more India is set to receive its second formidable warship built in Russia: a multi-role stealth frigate equipped with advanced weaponry, sensors and automation that will significantly enhance the Indian Navy's combat capabilities in the Arabian Sea. The vessel, INS Tamal, will team up with INS Tushil, which was commissioned in December 2024, highlighting the navy's modernisation efforts to upgrade its surface fleet in response to evolving regional security dynamics. Amid escalating tensions with Pakistan and a shifting maritime security environment, India continues to strengthen its naval forces. With improved surface and undersea capabilities, India is reinforcing its status as a dominant maritime power in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR). STORY CONTINUES BELOW THIS AD Notably, the recent successful test of indigenously developed multi-influence ground mines—designed to target enemy submarines and stealth vessels—marks a leap in India's undersea warfare capabilities. Defence Minister Rajnath Singh noted these systems will 'further enhance the undersea warfare capabilities of the Indian Navy,' highlighting India's growing dominance in both surface and subsurface domains. INS Tamal: A new addition to India's fleet The new 3,900-tonne frigate, INS Tamal, is scheduled for handover to the Indian Navy in Kaliningrad, Russia, in a month or so. Following the completion of critical testing, including weapons firing, the ship will be commissioned and sail to India. It is the second in a series of improved Krivak-III class frigates designed for multi-role operations encompassing air defence, anti-surface and anti-submarine warfare. INS Tamal is part of a broader India–Russia agreement signed in October 2016 for the acquisition of four improved Krivak-III class frigates. The first two frigates were acquired for approximately ₹8,000 crore, while the remaining two—Triput and Tavasya—are being built at Goa Shipyard under a technology transfer agreement, with a total cost of around Rs13,000 crore. This initiative reflects India's focus on acquiring cutting-edge warships with multi-domain operational capabilities. Designed for blue-water operations, the Krivak-III class frigates—including INS Tamal—can conduct long-range missions in open seas. They come equipped with state-of-the-art armament systems and advanced sensors making them highly effective in modern naval combat. Their multi-role design aligns with the Indian Navy's goals to project power and ensure maritime dominance in the region. Sophisticated weaponry for enhanced combat capability Like INS Tushil, INS Tamal is armed with BrahMos supersonic cruise missiles, whose strike range has been extended from 290 km to 450 km. The BrahMos, among the world's fastest and most lethal cruise missiles, travels at Mach 2.8 to 3.0 and follows a sea-skimming flight path, making it extremely difficult to intercept. In addition to BrahMos, the ship is equipped with Shtil vertical launch surface-to-air missiles for defending against airborne threats. The vessel will also deploy anti-submarine torpedoes and rockets ensuring robust offensive and defensive capabilities across air, surface and subsurface threats. The frigate is designed to operate with advanced helicopters like the Kamov-28 and Kamov-31 for anti-submarine warfare and airborne early warning, extending its sensor reach and threat response range. These aircraft serve as force multipliers, significantly boosting the ship's combat readiness. STORY CONTINUES BELOW THIS AD Advanced stealth features minimise the ship's radar, acoustic and infrared signatures, enhancing survivability in contested waters. High automation reduces crew workload and enables faster decision-making in high-stakes environments contributing further to the ship's operational efficiency. Enhancing India's undersea warfare capabilities Complementing the induction of INS Tamal, the Indian Navy recently achieved a significant milestone by successfully test-firing indigenously developed multi-influence ground mines. Though tested with reduced explosives, these mines—designed to destroy enemy submarines and stealth ships—represent a major step in enhancing India's undersea defence posture. Utilising magnetic, acoustic and pressure sensors, the mines create a versatile system capable of detecting and engaging submerged threats more effectively. Their development marks India's growing technological sophistication in naval warfare and adds strategic depth to its undersea deterrence. Defence Minister Singh says these systems will enable the navy to operate confidently in contested underwater spaces, enhancing deterrence and mission assurance. Together with advanced warships like the INS Tamal, these undersea capabilities support a holistic approach to naval dominance. Power projection and regional deterrence The expansion of India's naval capabilities through advanced frigates and indigenous underwater systems illustrates a deliberate strategic shift. As tensions rise in the Arabian Sea, particularly with Pakistan, India is focussed on projecting naval power while building a credible deterrent against potential adversaries. India's frigate fleet—including Talwar-class, Shivalik-class and now Krivak-III-class vessels—is central to this approach, enabling full-spectrum operations ranging from surface combat to undersea warfare. Equipped with BrahMos missiles and cutting-edge sensors, these ships are pivotal to India's blue-water naval strategy. INS Tamal and its sister ships enhance India's ability to secure critical sea lanes, respond rapidly to threats and counterbalance regional competitors like China, whose naval presence in the IOR is expanding. These capabilities are critical to maintaining strategic equilibrium and safeguarding national interests. STORY CONTINUES BELOW THIS AD The development and operationalisation of indigenous systems such as the multi-influence mines also reflect India's intent to build a self-reliant, advanced and layered maritime force. By integrating foreign acquisitions with homegrown innovation, India is creating a sustainable and potent naval posture. The Russian connection: Continued naval collaboration India-Russia defence cooperation remains a cornerstone of India's naval modernisation. The induction of INS Tamal and INS Tushil underscores the durability of this partnership. India has a long-standing relationship with Russia in warship procurement, dating back to the Cold War. The current collaboration under the Krivak-III programme not only delivers advanced platforms but also facilitates technology transfer to domestic shipyards, such as Goa Shipyard. At the same time, India continues to strengthen its indigenous shipbuilding with projects like the Nilgiri-class frigates (Project 17A), adopting a dual strategy that blends foreign technology with domestic capability development. This balanced approach ensures resilience and long-term sustainability in naval force modernisation. Edge over Pakistan's naval frigates A comparative assessment of regional navies reveals a distinct advantage for India, particularly in terms of frigate numbers and capabilities. As of 2025, India operates 19 active frigates, while Pakistan has only eight. India's fleet is not only larger but also technologically superior and built for sustained blue-water operations. Pakistan's newest additions—the Tughril-class (Type 054A/P) frigates from China—are a significant upgrade, featuring CM-302 supersonic anti-ship missiles, LY-80N surface-to-air missiles and anti-submarine systems. Additionally, India has a stronger platform than these in Talwar- and Shivalik-class ships in terms of versatility, firepower and integration. India's BrahMos system outpaces the CM-302 in both speed and operational versatility, while India's Barak-8 air defence missiles offer more effective protection than the LY-80N. Pakistan's fleet, though improving, remains focussed on regional sea denial rather than power projection. STORY CONTINUES BELOW THIS AD Furthermore, India is closing the gap on indigenous ship production. While Pakistan continues to depend on Chinese shipbuilding, India's ongoing construction of the Nilgiri-class and the upcoming Project 17B frigates further widens the qualitative and technological gap. India's major frigates—Talwar, Shivalik and Nilgiri classes—integrate seamlessly with submarines, aircraft carriers and strategic assets, giving the navy a decisive edge. These ships are true force multipliers, capable of high-end combat operations across vast oceanic theatres. As Samran Ali, a research officer at the Centre for Strategic and Contemporary Research in Pakistan, noted in October 2020: 'The balance of power remains in India's favour and will tip even more in the future when India gets more ships like the Nilgiri and Talwar classes of frigates.' Strengthening India's maritime dominance The commissioning of INS Tamal and the testing of indigenous multi-influence ground mines signal significant progress in India's quest for maritime supremacy. These developments reflect a deliberate, layered strategy combining foreign partnerships, indigenous innovation and strategic foresight. With BrahMos-armed stealth frigates like the INS Tamal and advanced undersea warfare technologies entering service, the Indian Navy is poised to ensure maritime dominance in the Indian Ocean Region. These platforms enhance India's deterrence posture, provide strategic depth and solidify the navy's status as a formidable regional force. STORY CONTINUES BELOW THIS AD
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First Post
06-05-2025
- Business
- First Post
INS Tamal: Russia-built multi-role stealth frigate to join Indian Navy soon
The new 3,900-tonne frigate, which will be commissioned as INS Tamal, is expected to be handed over to the Indian Navy in Kaliningrad after completing all critical testing, including weapon fire, in about a month read more India will soon get its second formidable warship built in Russia, a multi-role stealth frigate armed with guns and sensors that will succeed her sister ship, INS Tushil, which was commissioned in December of last year. With India flexing its naval muscles in the Arabian Sea amid rising tensions with Pakistan, the Navy and DRDO successfully fired indigenously developed underwater ' multi-influence ground mines' designed to destroy enemy submarines and stealth warships on Monday, albeit with reduced explosives. STORY CONTINUES BELOW THIS AD 'The system will further enhance the undersea warfare capabilities of the Indian Navy,' Defence Minister Rajnath Singh stated. The new 3,900-tonne frigate, which will be commissioned as INS Tamal, is expected to be handed over to the Indian Navy in Kaliningrad after completing all critical testing, including weapon fire, in about a month. 'The frigate will then be commissioned and set sail for India,' an officer announced on Monday. In October 2016, India signed an umbrella deal with Russia for four improved Krivak-III class frigates, with the first two to be purchased for roughly Rs 8,000 crore. The other two, Triput and Tavasya, are being built at the Goa Shipyard with technology transfer at a total cost of around Rs 13,000 crore. These frigates are equipped with a wide range of sophisticated armament systems and are designed for blue sea operations throughout the four dimensions of naval warfare: air, surface, subsurface, and electromagnetic. The weaponry includes the Brahmos supersonic cruise missiles, whose attack range has been increased from 290 to 450 kilometres, the vertically-launched Shtil surface-to-air missiles with longer ranges, and anti-submarine torpedoes and rockets, among others. The frigates can reach speeds of over 30 knots and carry updated anti-submarine and airborne early warning helicopters, the Kamov-28 and Kamov-31, which are force multipliers in their own right. 'High degree of automation and stealth features, across radio, infrared, and acoustic spectrums, further enhance their combat capability and survivability,' the officer stated. STORY CONTINUES BELOW THIS AD
