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Indian Express
a day ago
- Climate
- Indian Express
Daily subject-wise quiz : Environment and Geography MCQs on monsoon in India, Project Cheetah and more (Week 122)
UPSC Essentials brings to you its initiative of subject-wise quizzes. These quizzes are designed to help you revise some of the most important topics from the static part of the syllabus. Attempt today's subject quiz on Environment and Geography to check your progress. 🚨 Click Here to read the UPSC Essentials magazine for July 2025. Share your views and suggestions in the comment box or at With reference to the monsoon in India, consider the following statements: 1. The southwest monsoon refers to the southwesterly wind that brings rainfall to the subcontinent. 2. The northeast monsoon occurs between June to September. 3. The southwest monsoon is the major period of rainfall in the south peninsula. How many of the statements given above are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Explanation — The southwest monsoon refers to the southwesterly wind that brings rainfall to the subcontinent, typically from June to September. The onset of the 2025 monsoon on Saturday marks the commencement of the season, which brings about 70% of the country's annual rainfall. Hence, statement 1 is correct. — The northeast monsoon, which typically occurs between October and December, begins after the southwest monsoon has withdrawn from northern and central India, as well as the northern parts of the peninsular region. The wind pattern changes from the southwesterly to the northeasterly, hence its name. Hence, statement 2 is not correct. — According to the IMD, the Northeast Monsoon is the major period of rainfall in the south peninsula, and is the chief rainy season in Tamil Nadu, accounting for nearly 60 % of annual rainfall in the coastal districts. Hence, statement 3 is not correct. Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer. With reference to the Green Credit Programme (GCP), consider the following statements: 1. It was unveiled during the annual United Nations climate conference in Dubai by India and the UAE. 2. The GCP seeks voluntary participation. 3. The credits can also be used by listed companies as part of their environmental, social and governance disclosures under SEBI's Business Responsibility and Sustainability framework. How many of the statements given above are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Explanation — Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, the President of the UAE, officially unveiled the GCP on December 1, 2023, during the annual United Nations climate conference in Dubai. It was dubbed as a mechanism to incentivise 'pro-planet' actions in response to climate change, and one which would promote the Centre's Mission LiFE (Lifestyle for Sustainable Environment). Hence, statement 1 is correct. — The Union Environment Ministry notified the Green Credit Rules, which spelt out the programme's objectives and implementation, in October 2023. — At its core, the GCP seeks voluntary participation (read investments) of individuals, companies, industries, and other entities across seven different activities — such as tree plantation, waste management, and water conservation — that will lead to improvements in the environment. This participation will be incentivised by generating 'green credits', which can then be traded on a domestic market platform to potential buyers looking to meet sustainability targets, or existing legal obligations. Hence, statement 2 is correct. — The credits can also be used by listed companies as part of their environmental, social and governance disclosures under SEBI's Business Responsibility and Sustainability framework, indicating efforts taken by these companies on environmental sustainability. Hence, statement 3 is correct. Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer. A GLOF occurs when (a) a large mass of water dammed by a glacier or a moraine is released suddenly. (b) a tectonic activity causes water from glacial lakes to evaporate rapidly. (c) snowfall exceeds accumulation rate on a glacier causing avalanches. (d) a glacier melts uniformly due to global warming leading to river overflow. Explanation — The breaking of a glacial lake accompanied by heavy rain is suspected by some experts to have caused the flash flood in Dharali village in Uttarkashi in Uttarakhand. — According to the NDMA, the retreat of glaciers as a result of climate change that is occurring in most parts of the Hindu Kush Himalayas has given rise to numerous new glacial lakes, breaches in which can cause Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs). — A GLOF occurs when a large mass of water dammed by a glacier or a moraine is released suddenly. — When glaciers melt, the water in these glacial lakes accumulates behind loose naturally-formed 'glacial/ moraine dams' made of ice, sand, pebbles, and ice residue. Unlike earthen dams, the weak structure of the moraine dam leads to its abrupt failure, which can release millions of cubic metres of water in a short time, causing catastrophic flooding downstream. Peak flows as high as 15,000 cubic metres per second have been recorded during such events. — Since glaciers in the Himalayas are in a retreating phase, glacial lakes are growing, and pose a potentially large risk to downstream infrastructure and life. Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer. Perito Moreno, Upsala, and Spegazzini glaciers are located in: (a) Rocky Mountains (b) Andes (c) Himalayas (d) Alaska range Explanation — Argentina's most famous glacier, the Perito Moreno glacier, is crumbling. Such incidents — known as ice calving events — are not new for the glacier. In fact, as these events are a visual spectacle, they are the primary reason for the fame of the Perito Moreno glacier, making it a major tourist destination. — The Perito Moreno glacier, also called the 'White Giant', is located near the city of El Calafate in the Argentine province of Santa Cruz, and comes under the Los Glaciares National Park — a UNESCO World Heritage Site. — Besides the Perito Moreno glacier, other notable glaciers in the Andes include Upsala, Spegazzini, Viedma, and Grey glaciers. Therefore, option (b) is the correct answer. Mount Lewotobi Laki Laki was recently in the news due to an eruption. It is located in: (a) Indonesia (b) New Zealand (c) Iceland (d) Philippines Explanation — Mount Lewotobi Laki Laki, one of Indonesia's most active volcanoes, erupted for a second straight day, sending a column of volcanic materials and ash up to 18 kilometers (11 miles) into the sky. No casualties were immediately reported. — Lewotobi Laki Laki, a 1,584-meter (5,197-foot) volcano on the remote island of Flores, has been at the highest alert level since it erupted on June 18, and an exclusion zone has been doubled to a 7-kilometer (4.3-mile) radius as eruptions became more frequent. The Indonesian government has permanently relocated thousands of residents after a series of eruptions there killed nine people and destroyed thousands of homes in November. Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer. Consider the following: 1. Population reduction 2. Restricted Geographical Range 3. Small Population size and decline 4. Very small or restricted population 5. Extinction probability analysis 6. The relational position of a species within an ecosystem Which of the above given conditions are the criteria used by the IUCN Red List categories to indicate how close a species is to becoming extinct? (a) 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 only (b) 4, 5 and 6 only (c) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 only (d) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 Explanation According to — The IUCN Red List Categories indicate how close a species is to becoming extinct. Species are assessed against five criteria (see below) based on population reduction, geographic range, population size, population structure, and probability of extinction. These criteria determine which category is most appropriate for the species. Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer. Which of the following statements about Project Cheetah and associated conservation efforts is/are correct? 1. Blackbuck is considered a suitable prey species to help sustain reintroduced cheetahs. 2. Gandhi Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary was discussed as an alternative site for cheetah relocation, moving older cheetahs for purposes such as training and habitat building. 3. All cheetahs in Kuno were born in India as part of a captive breeding program. Select the correct answer using the code below: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Explanation — The Cheetah Project Steering Committee highlighted serious concerns about the insufficient prey base—especially low densities of spotted deer and chinkara—at Kuno National Park, the primary site for reintroduced cheetahs. — This shortfall threatens the sustainability of the cheetah population. — To strengthen the prey base, officials discussed relocating blackbucks from the Sikandara Monument area in Agra, where they number around 100 and often damage crops, to Kuno. — The idea involved capturing groups of 10–15 blackbucks as part of a wider prey augmentation plan. — One proposal suggested moving older cheetahs—those past breeding age—to Gandhi Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary for purposes such as training and habitat building. — The cheetahs at Kuno were translocated from Namibia and South Africa, not born in India via breeding programs. While cubs have since been born in Kuno, the initial population was imported African cheetahs, not domestically bred . — Kuno National Park is grappling with prey scarcity critical for sustaining cheetahs. Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer. What is the aim of the ongoing negotiations on the Global Plastics Treaty in Geneva? (a) To promote voluntary guidelines for plastic packaging industries. (b) To finalize a global trade agreement on plastic and petrochemical exports. (c) To create the world's first legally binding global treaty to combat plastic pollution. (d) To create a UN agency focused solely on marine plastic waste. Explanation — International negotiations to establish a global plastics treaty resumed on August 5, 2025, in Geneva, Switzerland. — These talks are part of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) under the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). — The meeting is a continuation of INC-5, which began in Busan, South Korea in December 2024 but ended without final consensus. — The aim is to create the world's first legally binding global treaty to combat plastic pollution, including its effects on marine environments. — The treaty is expected to cover the entire life cycle of plastic, from production to disposal. — The draft treaty under negotiation currently contains 370 bracketed sections—these represent areas of disagreement between countries. — Countries remain divided on key issues: (i) Caps on plastic production (ii) Phase-out of single-use plastics (iii) Elimination of hazardous chemicals (iv) Extended producer responsibility (EPR) — The Indian delegation is attending the Geneva meeting and is expected to: (i) Support steps to reduce plastic pollution (ii) Emphasize the importance of national circumstances (iii) Push for flexibility in implementation for developing countries Therefore, option ( c) is the correct answer. Daily Subject-wise quiz — History, Culture, and Social Issues (Week 120) Daily subject-wise quiz — Polity and Governance (Week 122) Daily subject-wise quiz — Science and Technology (Week 122) Daily subject-wise quiz — Economy (Week 122) Daily subject-wise quiz — Environment and Geography (Week 121) Daily subject-wise quiz – International Relations (Week 121) Subscribe to our UPSC newsletter and stay updated with the news cues from the past week. Stay updated with the latest UPSC articles by joining our Telegram channel – IndianExpress UPSC Hub, and follow us on Instagram and X. Manas Srivastava leads the UPSC Essentials section of The Indian Express (digital). He majorly writes on UPSC, other competitive exams and education-related projects. In the past, Manas has represented India at the G-20 Youth Summit in Mexico. He is a former member of the Youth Council, GOI. A two-time topper/gold medallist in History (both in graduation and post-graduation) from Delhi University, he has mentored and taught UPSC aspirants for more than five years. His diverse role in The Indian Express consists of writing, editing, anchoring/ hosting, interviewing experts, and curating and simplifying news for the benefit of students. He hosts the YouTube talk show called 'Art and Culture with Devdutt Pattanaik' and a LIVE series on Instagram and YouTube called 'LIVE with Manas'.His talks on 'How to read a newspaper' focus on newspaper reading as an essential habit for students. His articles and videos aim at finding solutions to the general queries of students and hence he believes in being students' editor, preparing them not just for any exam but helping them to become informed citizens. This is where he makes his teaching profession meet journalism. He is also the editor of UPSC Essentials' monthly magazine for the aspirants. He is a recipient of the Dip Chand Memorial Award, the Lala Ram Mohan Prize and Prof. Papiya Ghosh Memorial Prize for academic excellence. He was also awarded the University's Post-Graduate Scholarship for pursuing M.A. in History where he chose to specialise in Ancient India due to his keen interest in Archaeology. He has also successfully completed a Certificate course on Women's Studies by the Women's Studies Development Centre, DU. As a part of N.S.S in the past, Manas has worked with national and international organisations and has shown keen interest and active participation in Social Service. He has led and been a part of projects involving areas such as gender sensitisation, persons with disability, helping slum dwellers, environment, adopting our heritage programme. He has also presented a case study on 'Psychological stress among students' at ICSQCC- Sri Lanka. As a compere for seminars and other events he likes to keep his orating hobby alive. His interests also lie in International Relations, Governance, Social issues, Essays and poetry. ... Read More
Indian Express
2 days ago
- General
- Indian Express
Mains answer practice — GS 1 : Questions on significance of Piprahwa relics and consequences of unscientific mining in the Himalayan region (Week 114)
UPSC Essentials brings to you its initiative for the practice of Mains answer writing. It covers essential topics of static and dynamic parts of the UPSC Civil Services syllabus covered under various GS papers. This answer-writing practice is designed to help you as a value addition to your UPSC CSE Mains. Attempt today's answer writing on questions related to topics of GS-1 to check your progress. 🚨 Click Here to read the UPSC Essentials magazine for July 2025. Share your views and suggestions in the comment box or at Discuss the geomorphological and environmental consequences of unscientific mining in the fragile Himalayan region. Discuss the recent discoveries related to the Piprahwa relics, highlighting their archaeological and spiritual significance. With reference to Buddhism, how has India in recent years facilitated significant cultural exchanges through such heritage initiatives? Introduction — The introduction of the answer is essential and should be restricted to 3-5 lines. Remember, a one-liner is not a standard introduction. — It may consist of basic information by giving some definitions from the trusted source and authentic facts. Body — It is the central part of the answer and one should understand the demand of the question to provide rich content. — The answer must be preferably written as a mix of points and short paragraphs rather than using long paragraphs or just points. — Using facts from authentic government sources makes your answer more comprehensive. Analysis is important based on the demand of the question, but do not over analyse. — Underlining keywords gives you an edge over other candidates and enhances presentation of the answer. — Using flowcharts/tree-diagram in the answers saves much time and boosts your score. However, it should be used logically and only where it is required. Way forward/ conclusion — The ending of the answer should be on a positive note and it should have a forward-looking approach. However, if you feel that an important problem must be highlighted, you may add it in your conclusion. Try not to repeat any point from body or introduction. — You may use the findings of reports or surveys conducted at national and international levels, quotes etc. in your answers. Self Evaluation — It is the most important part of our Mains answer writing practice. UPSC Essentials will provide some guiding points or ideas as a thought process that will help you to evaluate your answers. QUESTION 1: Discuss the geomorphological and environmental consequences of unscientific mining in the fragile Himalayan region. Note: This is not a model answer. It only provides you with thought process which you may incorporate into the answers. Introduction: — A report submitted to the National Green Tribunal found that soapstone mining in Uttarakhand causes ground deformations, fissures, land subsidence (sinking), and rockslides. — The report was prepared by a committee established by the state government. The Bageshwar region is in seismic zone V, which has the highest danger of earthquakes, and the activities there make it prone to landslides. The assessment stated that steep excavation operations, a lack of proper slope support, dumping waste into water sources, and intruding on agricultural and residential areas had all contributed to the risk. Body: You may incorporate some of the following points in your answer: Geomorphological and environmental consequences of unscientific mining in the fragile Himalayan region — According to the report, several houses had developed cracks, and water resources in certain villages were drying up owing to land subsidence (sinking of land caused by subterranean material movement). — There is a possibility of landslides and slope instability. — According to the assessment, erosion will undercut hillsides, making the surrounding communities more vulnerable to landslides. — It can cause land subsidence. — There are several more difficulties, including groundwater depletion and soil erosion. Conclusion: — Aside from sustainable mining techniques, the committee has recommended a geo-referenced database of each mine's lease borders to assess mining risks in the district. A slope stability analysis was also recommended to identify the optimal bench height for safe mining, as well as regular on-site monitoring in conjunction with slope monitoring. — Engineering measures should safeguard recharge zones from biotic interferences, including grazing, tree falling, vegetation cutting, mining, and wildfires. (Source: Mining in Uttarakhand's Bageshwar increasing landslides risk: What a govt-commissioned report has flagged, Points to Ponder Read more about mining in Himalayas Read about sustainable mining techniques Related Previous Year Questions 'In spite of adverse environmental impact, coal mining is still inevitable for development'. Discuss. (2017) 'The Himalayas are highly prone to landslides.' Discuss the causes and suggest suitable measures of mitigation. (2016) QUESTION 2: Discuss the recent discoveries related to the Piprahwa relics, highlighting their archaeological and spiritual significance. With reference to Buddhism, how has India in recent years facilitated significant cultural exchanges through such heritage initiatives? Note: This is not a model answer. It only provides you with thought process which you may incorporate into the answers. Introduction: — The Piprahwa Gems, Buddhist relics stolen in 1898 by an Englishman from their resting place in India, have been returned to the country. The Ministry of Culture made it feasible by forming a public-private collaboration. These relics have long held tremendous spiritual value for the global Buddhist community, and they are one of the most significant archaeological finds in Indian history. — These Buddhist relics have brought Piprahwa to limelight. Body: You may incorporate some of the following points in your answer: — The sacred Piprahwa relics are among the most spiritual and archaeologically significant items ever uncovered. Repatriated after 127 years, these artefacts are more than just bits of the past; they are a strong emblem of India's ongoing cultural legacy and soft power diplomacy. — The Piprahwa relics, discovered in 1898 by British civil engineer William Claxton Peppé in Piprahwa, Uttar Pradesh, are thought to contain Lord Buddha's mortal remains which include bone fragments thought to be those of Lord Buddha, crystal caskets, gold ornaments, diamonds, and a sandstone coffer. — An inscription in Brahmi script on one of the caskets directly connects the relics to the Sakya clan, to which Buddha belonged, implying that his supporters housed these bones around the third century BC. Between 1971 and 1977, the Archaeological Survey of India excavated more steatite caskets holding 22 sacred bone relics, which are now housed at the National Museum in Delhi. Conclusion: — In recent years, India has facilitated considerable cultural exchanges by displaying Buddhist relics in Thailand and Vietnam for public devotion. This increases the spiritual links between these cultures. — Furthermore, in 2022, four Holy Relics of Lord Buddha were displayed in Mongolia for an 11-day public exhibition as a significant gesture towards the rebirth of cultural and spiritual relations between India and Mongolia. — India, the birthplace of Buddhism, exhibits its continuous dedication to preserving and propagating the Buddha Dhamma through government-organized events such as summits and commemoration programs, which ensure the global dissemination of the Buddha's teachings of peace, compassion, and mindfulness. (Source: How the Buddhist relics Piprahwa Gems returned to India) Points to Ponder Read more about Buddhism Read about India's Buddhist Heritage Related Previous Year Questions Pala period is the most significant phase in the history of Buddhism in India. Enumerate. (2020) Early Buddhist Stupa-art, while depicting folk motifs and narratives successfully expounds Buddhist ideals. Elucidate. (2016) UPSC Essentials: Mains answer practice — GS 3 (Week 114) UPSC Essentials: Mains answer practice — GS 3 (Week 113) UPSC Essentials: Mains answer practice — GS 2 (Week 114) UPSC Essentials: Mains answer practice — GS 2 (Week 113) UPSC Essentials: Mains answer practice — GS 1 (Week 112) UPSC Essentials: Mains answer practice — GS 1 (Week 113) Subscribe to our UPSC newsletter and stay updated with the news cues from the past week. Stay updated with the latest UPSC articles by joining our Telegram channel – IndianExpress UPSC Hub, and follow us on Instagram and X.
Indian Express
2 days ago
- Automotive
- Indian Express
Daily subject-wise quiz : Attempt Economy MCQs with answers on imports of non-fuel ethanol, electric vehicle adoption and more (Week 122)
UPSC Essentials brings to you its initiative of subject-wise quizzes. These quizzes are designed to help you revise some of the most important topics from the static part of the syllabus. Attempt today's subject quiz on the Economy to check your progress. 🚨 Click Here to read the UPSC Essentials magazine for July 2025. Share your views and suggestions in the comment box or at With reference to the electric vehicle (EV) adoption, consider the following statements: 1. In the adoption of EVs, India leads among China, the US, and the EU. 2. India has a target of 30 per cent EV sales by 2040. 3. India has the highest EV penetration rate in two-wheelers, followed by cars. How many of the statements given above are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Explanation — India will need 'soft' mandates – that could become more stringent over time – to accelerate electric vehicle (EV) adoption, the Centre's apex public policy think tank NITI Aayog has said in a new report. — Noting India's progress in EV adoption over the years, largely on the back of government incentives, NITI Aayog Member Rajiv Gauba said, 'It's alright to pat oneself on one's back, but we also have to acknowledge the fact that the adoption of EVs in India is at a slower pace than not only China, but also the US and the EU. Global penetration is about 17 per cent now, whereas we are at 7.6 per cent.' Hence, statement 1 is not correct. — To meet the national target of 30 per cent EV sales by 2030, mandates on the sale of certain segments of vehicles such as public buses, freight fleets, and government vehicles could give the market the right signal, according to the report. Hence, statement 2 is not correct. — According to the report, India has the highest EV penetration rate in three-wheelers (16 per cent), followed by two-wheelers (5 per cent), buses (7 per cent), cars (2 per cent), and trucks (0.07 per cent). Hence, statement 3 is not correct. Therefore, option (d) is the correct answer. Consider the following statements: 1. Ethanol exports from the US to India are basically for manufacturing alcohol-based chemicals, medicines and other industrial uses. 2. India currently permits imports of non-fuel ethanol and oil, but not whole grain and oilseed. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Explanation — Even though agriculture, along with the purchase of Russian oil, has emerged as a major sticking point in India-US trade discussions. — Tree nuts, primarily almonds and pistachios, have been the leading exports from the United States to India, valued at $1.1 billion or more in 2024 and growing at a 42.8% annual rate in the first half of this year. — Ethanol exports from the US to India, worth over $420 million last year, are basically for manufacturing alcohol-based chemicals, medicines and other industrial uses. The US wants India to open up imports of ethanol also for fuel use, i.e. blending with petrol and diesel. India has been resisting that, just as much as it is not allowing imports of genetically modified (GM) maize and soyabean. Hence, statement 1 is correct. — US farmers mostly grow only GM maize (corn) and soyabean. India currently permits imports of non-fuel ethanol and oil, produced from GM corn and soyabean respectively, but not the whole grain and oilseed as such. Hence, statement 2 is correct. Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer. With reference to the Merchant Discount Rate (MDR), consider the following statements: 1. The MDR is levied on merchants by banks that process debit and credit card payments. 2. Since January 2020, there has been no MDR on RuPay debit cards and UPI transactions to promote the adoption of digital payments across the country. 3. It ranges from 5% to 8% of the transaction amount. How many of the statements given above are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Explanation — Speculation has been rife that UPI payments may be slapped with a per transaction fee called the Merchant Discount Rate (MDR). — The MDR is levied on merchants by banks that process debit and credit card payments. Hence, statement 1 is correct. — It is usually in the range of 1-3 per cent. Hence, statement 3 is not correct. — Since January 2020, there has been no MDR on RuPay debit cards and UPI transactions to promote the adoption of digital payments across the country. Hence, statement 2 is correct. Therefore, option (b) is the correct answer. With reference to the PM Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY), consider the following statements: 1. It is the government's flagship financial inclusion programme launched in 2018. 2. It has helped in direct benefit transfers (DBTs). 3. Under the PMJDY, there are account opening charges and account maintenance charges. 4. Its beneficiaries have access to an overdraft facility of up to Rs 10,000. Which of the statements given above are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1, 2, and 4 (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 2 and 4 only Explanation — RBI Governor Malhotra announced that bank accounts opened under the PM Jan Dhan Yojana will be up for an update of accountholders' KYC (know-your-customer norms). About PMJDY — The government's flagship financial inclusion programme Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi ten years ago on August 28, 2014. Hence, statement 1 is not correct. — It is a National Mission for Financial Inclusion to ensure access to financial services, namely, basic savings & deposit accounts, remittance, credit, insurance, pension in an affordable manner. — Under the PMJDY, there are no account opening charges, no account maintenance charges, and no minimum balance charges. Free RuPay debit card, with in-built accident insurance cover of Rs 2 lakh, and access to overdraft facility of up to Rs 10,000, are other major features of the scheme. Hence, statement 3 is not correct and statement 4 is correct. — PMJDY accounts are eligible for Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT), Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY), Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY), Atal Pension Yojana (APY), Micro Units Development & Refinance Agency Bank (MUDRA) scheme. Hence, statement 2 is correct. Therefore, option (d) is the correct answer. The white-backed plant hopper, a pest that spreads the Fiji virus disease, feeds on: (a) Millet plant (b) Maize plant (c) Wheat plant (d) Rice plant Explanation — Crop protection chemicals are commonly known as 'pesticides'. These are basically substances sprayed on crops to protect against insects ('pests') that cause damage, whether directly (by feeding on them) or indirectly (by transmitting disease). They also include fungicides (to control fungal diseases such as blast and sheath blight in rice or powdery mildew and rusts in wheat) and herbicides (to kill or inhibit the growth of weeds). — Take the white-backed plant hopper, a pest that both feeds on rice plants and also spreads the Fiji virus disease, resulting in their stunted growth. This 'dwarfing' disease has been reported by many paddy farmers in Punjab and Haryana during the current kharif growing season. The vector insect here injects the virus while sucking the sap from mostly young plants. — Farmers generally spray insecticides and fungicides only when they physical observe and assess the pest population or disease incidence to be significant enough to impact crop yield and quality/marketability. — In recent times, farmers have also been resorting to prophylactic application of 'pre-emergent' herbicides around or just after crop sowing. These stop the weeds from coming out, helping keep the field clean from the start. Alternatively, they may use 'early post-emergent' herbicides to control weeds at the crop's initial sensitive growth stage. Therefore, option (d) is the correct answer. With reference to Scheduled Commercial Bank, consider the following statements: becomes eligible for debts/loans at the bank rate from the RBI and automatically acquires the membership of a clearing house. includes Public Sector Banks, Private Sector Banks, Foreign Banks, Regional Rural Banks, Scheduled Payments Banks, Scheduled Small Finance Banks and Scheduled Co-operative Banks. Which of the statements given above is/are true? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Explanation According to — A Scheduled Commercial Bank (SCB) is a commercial bank which has been included in the Second Schedule of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 (RBI Act). Conditions for inclusion in the Second Schedule of the RBI Act are as stated in section 42(6)(a) of the RBI Act. — Every Scheduled Commercial Bank enjoys two types of principal facilities: – (i) It becomes eligible for debts/loans at the bank rate from the RBI (ii) It automatically acquires the membership of a clearing house. SCBs include Public Sector Banks, Private Sector Banks, Foreign Banks, Regional Rural Banks, Scheduled Payments Banks, Scheduled Small Finance Banks and Scheduled Co-operative Banks. Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer. TRIPS Agreement often seen in news is administered by: (a) BRICS (b) UNCTAD (c) World Trade Organisation (d) European Union Explanation According to — The TRIPS Agreement of WTO, which came into effect on 1 January 1995, is to date the most comprehensive multilateral agreement on intellectual property. Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer. Consider the following countries: 1. United States 2. China 3. Germany 4. India 5. Japan 6. United Kingdom Arrange the countries above according to the current GDP rankings, from highest to lowest among the given options. (a) 1, 2, 6, 4, 3, 5 (b) 1, 6, 2, 3, 4, 5 (c) 1, 2, 3, 5, 4, 6 (d) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Explanation — Below are the top ten largest economies in the world, according to the current GDP (current prices), as of May 2025. (Source: IMF's World Economic Outlook | Data as of: May 26, 2025) Therefore, option (d) is the correct answer. Daily Subject-wise quiz — History, Culture, and Social Issues (Week 120) Daily subject-wise quiz — Polity and Governance (Week 122) Daily subject-wise quiz — Science and Technology (Week 122) Daily subject-wise quiz — Economy (Week 121) Daily subject-wise quiz — Environment and Geography (Week 121) Daily subject-wise quiz – International Relations (Week 121) Subscribe to our UPSC newsletter and stay updated with the news cues from the past week. Stay updated with the latest UPSC articles by joining our Telegram channel – IndianExpress UPSC Hub, and follow us on Instagram and X. Manas Srivastava leads the UPSC Essentials section of The Indian Express (digital). He majorly writes on UPSC, other competitive exams and education-related projects. In the past, Manas has represented India at the G-20 Youth Summit in Mexico. He is a former member of the Youth Council, GOI. A two-time topper/gold medallist in History (both in graduation and post-graduation) from Delhi University, he has mentored and taught UPSC aspirants for more than five years. His diverse role in The Indian Express consists of writing, editing, anchoring/ hosting, interviewing experts, and curating and simplifying news for the benefit of students. He hosts the YouTube talk show called 'Art and Culture with Devdutt Pattanaik' and a LIVE series on Instagram and YouTube called 'LIVE with Manas'.His talks on 'How to read a newspaper' focus on newspaper reading as an essential habit for students. His articles and videos aim at finding solutions to the general queries of students and hence he believes in being students' editor, preparing them not just for any exam but helping them to become informed citizens. This is where he makes his teaching profession meet journalism. He is also the editor of UPSC Essentials' monthly magazine for the aspirants. He is a recipient of the Dip Chand Memorial Award, the Lala Ram Mohan Prize and Prof. Papiya Ghosh Memorial Prize for academic excellence. He was also awarded the University's Post-Graduate Scholarship for pursuing M.A. in History where he chose to specialise in Ancient India due to his keen interest in Archaeology. He has also successfully completed a Certificate course on Women's Studies by the Women's Studies Development Centre, DU. As a part of N.S.S in the past, Manas has worked with national and international organisations and has shown keen interest and active participation in Social Service. He has led and been a part of projects involving areas such as gender sensitisation, persons with disability, helping slum dwellers, environment, adopting our heritage programme. He has also presented a case study on 'Psychological stress among students' at ICSQCC- Sri Lanka. As a compere for seminars and other events he likes to keep his orating hobby alive. His interests also lie in International Relations, Governance, Social issues, Essays and poetry. ... Read More
Indian Express
3 days ago
- Climate
- Indian Express
Uttarkashi Cloudburst: What UPSC aspirants must-know for Prelims and Mains
UPSC Issue at a Glance is an initiative by UPSC Essentials aimed at streamlining your UPSC Current Affairs preparation for the prelims and mains examinations by focusing on issues making headlines. Every Thursday, cover a new topic in a lucid way. This week, we explain to you the Cloudbursts from a broader perspective. Let's get started. If you missed the previous UPSC Issue at a Glance | Revisiting Chola dynasty and Rajendra I's achievements: Insights into governance, society, architecture, and more from the Indian Express, read it here. On Tuesday (August 5), a sudden flash flood caused by a cloudburst in the Kheer Ganga river catchment area swept away houses, shops and roads, leaving a trail of destruction. Two cloudburst incidents were reported, one in Dharali and another in the Sukhi Top area, resulting in widespread destruction. Dharali bore the brunt of the damage. This latest incident adds to a growing list of extreme weather events that have struck the hill state in recent years, particularly during the monsoon. In this context, knowing about the cloudburst from a broader perspective becomes essential. (Relevance: UPSC Syllabus General Studies-I, II: Geography, Disaster Management. In 2022, UPSC has asked a question: Explain the mechanism and occurrence of cloudbursts in the context of the Indian subcontinent. Discuss two recent examples. Questions related to climate events and climate-related reports have been UPSC favourites. In this regard, having a comprehensive understanding of this topic is important from the exam perspective.) A cloudburst is a localised but intense rainfall activity. It is a short-term extreme precipitation that takes place over a small area; it is not, as is sometimes understood, the breaking open of a cloud resulting in the release of huge amounts of water. Cloudbursts have a very specific definition. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) defines cloudburst as unexpected precipitation exceeding 100mm (or 10 cm) per hour over a geographical region of approximately 20 to 30 square km. Significant amounts of rainfall such as this can result in floods. Basically, all instances of cloudbursts involve heavy rain in a short period, but all instances of heavy rain in a short period are not cloudbursts if they do not fit this criterion. Cloudbursts are classified as an extreme weather event because the frequency of cloudbursts has increased due to global warming across the world. Extreme precipitation events are increasing in frequency as global temperatures rise, a trend that experts think may be contributing to an increase in cloudbursts. As Amitabh Sinha of The Indian Express explains – 'There is a paucity of past data on cloudbursts; in addition, since only some of them get counted – only those that result in death and destruction – there is a problem of accuracy as well. But what is very clear is that events of extreme precipitation have been on the rise in the last few decades due to global warming; it is expected, keeping in mind that trend, that cloudburst events might be on the increase as well.' The India Meteorological Department forecasts rainfall events well in advance, but it does not predict the quantum of rainfall — in fact, no meteorological agency does. The forecasts can be about light, heavy, or very heavy rainfall, but weather scientists do not have the capability to predict exactly how much rain is likely to fall at any given place. Additionally, the forecasts are for a relatively large geographical area, usually a region, a state, a meteorological sub-division, or at best a district. As they zoom in over smaller areas, the forecasts get more and more uncertain. Theoretically, it is not impossible to forecast rainfall over a very small area as well, but it requires a very dense network of weather instruments, and computing capabilities that seem unfeasible with current technologies. As a result, specific cloudburst events cannot be forecast. No forecast ever mentions a possibility of a cloudburst. But there are warnings for heavy to very heavy rainfall events, and these are routinely forecast four to five days in advance. Possibility of extremely heavy rainfall, which could result in cloudburst kind of situations, are forecast six to 12 hours in advance. The rainfall itself does not result in the death of people, though sometimes, the raindrops are big enough to hurt people in a sustained downpour. It is the consequences of such heavy rain, especially in the hilly terrain, that causes death and destruction. Landslides, flash floods, houses and establishments getting swept away and cave-ins lead to the deaths. GLOFs are disaster events caused by the abrupt discharge of water from glacial lakes — large bodies of water that sit in front of, on top of, or beneath a melting glacier. GLOFs can unleash large volumes of water, sediment, and debris downstream with formidable force and velocity. The floodwaters can submerge valleys, obliterate infrastructure such as roads, bridges, and buildings, and result in significant loss of life and livelihoods. According to government data from a project by the Assam State Disaster Management Authority, India is the worst flood-affected country in the world after Bangladesh and accounts for one-fifth of the global death count due to floods. Cloudbursts do happen in plains, but there is a greater probability of them occurring in mountainous zones, mainly because of three main factors: first, the wind pattern; second, the height of the mountains; and third, the level of moisture and humidity in the air. Cloudbursts are more common in hilly areas because of a phenomenon called 'orographic lift', which basically means warm air rising up the side of a mountain. As warm air 'climbs' a mountain, it expands because of the low pressure at higher altitudes. The expanding air cools, releasing the moisture it was holding as rain. However, in many cases, as more and more warm air keeps rising, it prevents that rain till a large amount of rain builds up and bursts out in a massive shower all at once—resulting in a cloudburst. In the mountains, the formation of low-pressure areas at the top attracts clouds with significant force, intensifying the buildup. Additionally, when air coming from the opposite direction collides with the mountain, it can result in a heavy downpour. This is why the height of the mountain matters in this scenario. The air cannot penetrate the mountain. In hilly areas, sometimes saturated clouds ready to condense into rain cannot produce rain due to the upward movement of the very warm current of air. Instead of falling downwards, raindrops are carried upwards by the air current. New drops are formed, and existing raindrops increase in size. After a point, the raindrops become too heavy for the cloud to hold on to, and they fall suddenly and collectively—causing a flash of intense rainfall typical of a cloudburst. 'A flash flood is a flood of short duration with a relatively high peak discharge in which the time interval between the observable causative event and the flood is less than four to six hours'.- World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) According to the study, only 25% of the flash floods that occur in India are directly caused by extreme precipitation. The rest of them are a result of a combination of extreme rainfall and the condition of the soil before precipitation. In India, flash floods are often associated with cloudbursts. As cloudbursts happen in localised areas and they are difficult to capture accurately, the sudden rain released by a cloudburst can quickly overwhelm drainage systems and lead to flash floods and landslides. Frequently, flash floods are accompanied by landslides, which are sudden movements of rock, boulders, earth or debris down a slope. It is common in mountainous terrains, where there are conditions created for it in terms of the soil, rock, geology and slope. Himalayan states further face the challenge of overflowing glacial lakes, formed due to the melting of glaciers, and their numbers have been increasing in the last few years. An alarming increase in extreme weather phenomena — sudden cloudbursts, flash floods, and landslides — that threaten lives, livelihoods, and ecosystems presents the accelerated impacts of climate change. In this context, it becomes essential to take the right measures in the right direction to reduce the risk of future catastrophe. 📍As changing climate has destabilised weather patterns, in order to saving lives and reduce damage during natural disasters effective early warning systems are critical. For the same expanding and modernising weather monitoring infrastructure, especially in the Himalayas and fragile mountain regions, is essential. Establishing more Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) and utilising satellite-based observation systems can provide real-time data critical for early warnings. Anjal Prakash explains it: 'AWS and advanced meteorological models can provide real-time data that forecasts extreme weather events well in advance when fed into predictive algorithms. This will allow authorities to issue timely alerts, evacuate vulnerable populations, and mobilise relief efforts before catastrophe strikes. International examples, such as Nepal's pioneering use of early warning systems for mountain disasters, illustrate how technology can mitigate risks when integrated into a comprehensive disaster preparedness plan.' 📍Integrating ecological solutions into broader infrastructure planning is vital. As Anjal Prakash explains 'Instead of relying solely on grey infrastructure (such as dams and embankments), India must embrace ecological solutions — restoring wetlands, mangroves, and natural sponge zones that absorb floodwaters and reduce runoff. These nature-based solutions are cost-effective, sustainable, and adaptable to changing climate conditions. In the mountains, land-use planning must prioritise the preservation of forests and natural buffers that minimise landslides and stabilise slopes. Reforestation and afforestation programs should be expanded, especially in areas prone to erosion. These measures increase the resilience of local ecosystems and communities, helping them withstand climate change shocks.' 📍Climate change adaptation must be embedded within policy frameworks. This involves mainstreaming climate resilience into urban and rural planning, allocating dedicated funds for climate risk assessments, investing in resilient infrastructure, and empowering local communities with knowledge and resources. 📍Community-based disaster management should also be prioritised, particularly in vulnerable rural and hill areas. As residents of particular areas often possess valuable traditional knowledge about weather patterns and natural warning signs, which can be integrated into official early warning systems for more effective responses. Furthermore, strengthening climate resilience through collaboration and innovation is the need of the hour. As climate change is a systemic challenge, it requires coordinated action at all local, national, and international levels; thus, investing in research, fostering innovation in climate resilience technologies, and partnering with regional neighbours can bolster adaptive capacity across the Himalayas and beyond. Prelims (1) Which of the following statements with regard to cloudburst is/are correct? (UPSC CDS 2017) 1. It is defined as sudden localized very heavy downpour with cloud thunder and lightning. 2. It mostly occurs in the hilly areas. 3. It results into very high intensity of rainfall, i.e., 250 mm-300 mm in a couple of hours. 4. It occurs only during the daytime. Select the correct answer using the code given below. (a) 1, 2, and 3 (b) 1, 3, and 4 (c) 2 and 3 (d) 2 only (2) With reference to the glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs), consider the following statements: 1. These are sudden and catastrophic floods caused by the failure of natural dams, usually formed by glacial moraines or ice. 2. Thawing of permafrost decreases the risk of GLOFs. 3. Melting of glaciers increases the risk of GLOFs. How many of the statements given above are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None (3) With reference to the Cloudbursts, consider the following statements: 1. Cloudbursts are short-lived extreme weather events in which heavy rainfall occurs over very small areas. 2. They are more common in hilly areas because of a phenomenon called 'orographic lift'. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Mains Discuss the causes and effects of cloudbursts, and suggest measures to prevent and mitigate their devastating impacts. (Sources: Uttarkashi Cloudburst News Live Updates, What are cloudbursts, and why they occur more in places like Amarnath, What are flash floods, What are cloudbursts, Why are cloudburst incidents rising across India?, Uttarkashi Cloudburst: What India should do to avoid further climate catastrophe) Subscribe to our UPSC newsletter. Stay updated with the latest UPSC articles by joining our Telegram channel – Indian Express UPSC Hub, and follow us on Instagram and X. 🚨 Click Here to read the UPSC Essentials magazine for July 2025. Share your views and suggestions in the comment box or at Roshni Yadav is a Deputy Copy Editor with The Indian Express. She is an alumna of the University of Delhi and Jawaharlal Nehru University, where she pursued her graduation and post-graduation in Political Science. She has over five years of work experience in ed-tech and media. At The Indian Express, she writes for the UPSC section. Her interests lie in national and international affairs, governance, economy, and social issues. You can contact her via email: ... Read More
Indian Express
3 days ago
- Science
- Indian Express
Daily subject-wise quiz : Science and Technology MCQs on C-295 aircraft, Perseid meteors and more (Week 122)
UPSC Essentials brings to you its initiative of subject-wise quizzes. These quizzes are designed to help you revise some of the most important topics from the static part of the syllabus. Attempt today's subject quiz on Science and Technology to check your progress. 🚨 Click Here to read the UPSC Essentials magazine for July 2025. Share your views and suggestions in the comment box or at With reference to the Global Astrometric Interferometer for Astrophysics (Gaia) mission, consider the following statements: 1. It was designed for mapping the cosmos through precise measurement of the location and movement of stars and other celestial bodies. 2. Gaia was positioned in the Lagrange point 1 (L1). 3. The data from the Gaia mission allowed scientists to recreate a 3-D map of the galaxy. 4. The mission was launched by NASA in collaboration with the Canadian Space Agency. How many of the statements given above are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) Only three (d) All four Explanation — The European Space Agency (ESA) shut down its space observatory mission, was launched in December 2013 aiming to create the most precise, three-dimensional map of the galaxy. It began taking observations on July 24, 2014, finally shutting its eyes on January 15, 2025. Hence, statement 4 is not correct. — Originally named Global Astrometric Interferometer for Astrophysics (GAIA), the mission was renamed Gaia. Gaia was designed for astrometry, the science of mapping the cosmos, through precise measurement of the location and movement of stars and other celestial bodies. Hence, statement 1 is correct. — Gaia was positioned in the Lagrange point 2 (L2), around 1.5 million kilometres 'behind' the Earth, when viewed from the Sun. This effectively allows the spacecraft to view the larger cosmos unhindered by the planet, the Sun and the Moon. Hence, statement 2 is not correct. — Gaia has transformed the way the Milky Way galaxy is viewed. Its data allowed scientists to recreate not just a 3-D map of the galaxy, but also how it will change over time. Hence, statement 3 is correct. Therefore, option (b) is the correct answer. With reference to the Perseid meteors, consider the following statements: 1. It can be seen from anywhere in the Southern Hemisphere. 2. Perseids are especially well-known for their fireballs. 3. The name Perseid is believed to derive from the Perseus constellation. How many of the statements given above are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Explanation — The Perseid meteor shower, one of the most well-known celestial events, occurs annually around this time. It will be visible on August 12 and 13, best viewed around dawn on August 13. — The Perseid meteors can be seen from anywhere in the Northern Hemisphere. Hence, statement 1 is not correct. — The name Perseid is believed to derive from the Perseus constellation. It peaks annually in mid-August and is considered one of the best meteor showers. Perseids, usually swift and bright, leave trails of light and colour behind them as they traverse through the night sky. Hence, statement 3 is correct. — Since they originate from larger particles made of cometary debris, Perseids are especially well-known for their fireballs, which are larger blasts of colour and light that last longer than typical meteor streaks. These fireballs provide a clearer perspective since they are brighter. Hence, statement 2 is correct. Therefore, option (b) is the correct answer. The blue of the sky is a result of: (a) Scattering of light (b) Interference of light (c) Polarization of light (d) Total Internal Reflection Explanation — February 28 is marked as National Science Day in India. On this day in 1928, Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman discovered a new way light scatters. This was later known as the 'Raman Effect', and won him the Nobel Prize in Physics 1930. — When light strikes a material, it interacts with the materials' molecules and exchanges energy. Now when this light is scattered by the material, a portion of the light is of a different wavelength, and thus of a different colour. An example of this — and the phenomenon that led Raman to his discovery — is the blue colour of oceans, which is the result of the scattering of sunlight by water molecules. Similarly, the blue of the sky is a result of the scattering of sunlight by air molecules. Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer. Which of the following statements about Graphene is not correct? 1. It is an electrically and thermally conductive material. 2. It is a two-atom-thick layer of carbon atoms arranged in a square lattice. Select the correct answer using the codes given below: (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Explanation — Graphene is a one-atom-thick layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. Hence, statement 2 is not correct. — It is the building-block of Graphite, but graphene is a remarkable substance on its own with a multitude of astonishing properties. — It is the thinnest, most electrically and thermally conductive material in the world, while also being flexible, transparent and incredibly strong. Hence, statement 1 is correct. — Graphene is also known as a wonder material due to its vast potential in the energy and medical world. Therefore, option (b) is the correct answer. Cervarix and Gardasil are mentioned in the context of: (a) Monkeypox Vaccine (b) Swine Flu Vaccine (c) Marburg Virus Disease Vaccine (d) Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine Explanation — Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) comprises more than 100 viruses worldwide, of which at least 14 cause cancer. HPV 16 and 18 are responsible for about 70 per cent of the global disease burden. It is the most common sexually transmitted infection. — Cervarix and Gardasil are the currently available HPV vaccines: (1) Cervarix is a bivalent vaccine that protects you against HPV types 16 and 18. (2) Gardasil is available in quadrivalent and non-valent forms that protect you against HPV strains 6, 11, 16 and 28 (and 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58 in nine-valent or Gardasil 9). — The WHO now recommends one or two-dose schedules for girls aged between 9 and 14 years, one or two-dose schedules for girls and women aged between 15 and 20 years and two doses with a six-month interval for women older than 21 years. Therefore, option (d) is the correct answer. With reference to Airbus C-295 military transport aircraft, consider the following statements: 1. It is set to replace the ageing Avro aircraft of the IAF. 2. India received it from Israel, marking an important milestone in strengthening its defence capabilities. Which of the above given statements is/are true? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Explanation — India on Saturday received the last of its 16 Airbus C-295 military transport aircraft from Spain, marking an important milestone in strengthening its defence capabilities, the Indian Embassy in Spain said. — The C-295, a transport aircraft of 5-10 tonne capacity with contemporary technology, is set to replace the ageing Avro aircraft of the IAF. Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer. With reference to 'Time Crystals', consider the following statements: 1. This is a new phase of matter, first proposed by a Nobel Laureate in 2012, which, unlike ordinary crystals that repeat in space, has a structure that repeats in time. 2. They violate the laws of thermodynamics. 3. Time crystals cannot exist in perfect equilibrium at absolute zero temperature. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1, 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 2 and 3 only Explanation — Ordinary crystals (like salt or diamond) have atoms arranged in a repeating pattern in space. — Time crystals have a structure that repeats in time, meaning their particles move in a periodic pattern without any energy input. — This is a new phase of matter, first proposed by Nobel Laureate Frank Wilczek in 2012. — Time crystals do not violate the laws of thermodynamics. — They operate in non-equilibrium systems and can avoid reaching thermal equilibrium, but this doesn't violate thermodynamics—it's just an unusual behavior. — Time crystals cannot exist in perfect equilibrium at absolute zero temperature. — They require a non-equilibrium system (like being driven by a laser or microwave field), which makes them dynamic and not truly at rest. It's cutting-edge science with potential implications for quantum computing and fundamental physics. Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer. What is the objective of NASA's Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope? (a) To monitor Earth's climate and track hurricanes in real time. (b) To search for signs of life on Jupiter's moons through direct landing missions. (c) To repair and upgrade the Hubble Space Telescope. (d) Settle essential questions in the areas of dark energy, exoplanets, and astrophysics. Explanation According to — Named after NASA's first chief astronomer, the 'mother of the Hubble Space Telescope,' the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will have a field of view at least 100 times larger than Hubble's, potentially measuring light from a billion galaxies in its lifetime. — Its objective is to settle essential questions in the areas of dark energy, exoplanets, and astrophysics. — It is expected to be launched by May 2027. Therefore, option (d) is the correct answer. Daily Subject-wise quiz — History, Culture, and Social Issues (Week 120) Daily subject-wise quiz — Polity and Governance (Week 122) Daily subject-wise quiz — Science and Technology (Week 121) Daily subject-wise quiz — Economy (Week 121) Daily subject-wise quiz — Environment and Geography (Week 121) Daily subject-wise quiz – International Relations (Week 121) Subscribe to our UPSC newsletter and stay updated with the news cues from the past week. Stay updated with the latest UPSC articles by joining our Telegram channel – IndianExpress UPSC Hub, and follow us on Instagram and X. Manas Srivastava leads the UPSC Essentials section of The Indian Express (digital). He majorly writes on UPSC, other competitive exams and education-related projects. In the past, Manas has represented India at the G-20 Youth Summit in Mexico. He is a former member of the Youth Council, GOI. A two-time topper/gold medallist in History (both in graduation and post-graduation) from Delhi University, he has mentored and taught UPSC aspirants for more than five years. His diverse role in The Indian Express consists of writing, editing, anchoring/ hosting, interviewing experts, and curating and simplifying news for the benefit of students. He hosts the YouTube talk show called 'Art and Culture with Devdutt Pattanaik' and a LIVE series on Instagram and YouTube called 'LIVE with Manas'.His talks on 'How to read a newspaper' focus on newspaper reading as an essential habit for students. His articles and videos aim at finding solutions to the general queries of students and hence he believes in being students' editor, preparing them not just for any exam but helping them to become informed citizens. This is where he makes his teaching profession meet journalism. He is also the editor of UPSC Essentials' monthly magazine for the aspirants. He is a recipient of the Dip Chand Memorial Award, the Lala Ram Mohan Prize and Prof. Papiya Ghosh Memorial Prize for academic excellence. He was also awarded the University's Post-Graduate Scholarship for pursuing M.A. in History where he chose to specialise in Ancient India due to his keen interest in Archaeology. He has also successfully completed a Certificate course on Women's Studies by the Women's Studies Development Centre, DU. As a part of N.S.S in the past, Manas has worked with national and international organisations and has shown keen interest and active participation in Social Service. He has led and been a part of projects involving areas such as gender sensitisation, persons with disability, helping slum dwellers, environment, adopting our heritage programme. He has also presented a case study on 'Psychological stress among students' at ICSQCC- Sri Lanka. As a compere for seminars and other events he likes to keep his orating hobby alive. His interests also lie in International Relations, Governance, Social issues, Essays and poetry. ... Read More
