Latest news with #VLA
India.com
19-07-2025
- Science
- India.com
Scientists Crack Star-Birthing Mystery: Indian Team First To Measure Magnetism Near Infant Massive Star
For the first time in the world, a groundbreaking study led by researchers at the Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST), Thiruvananthapuram, has directly detected and measured magnetic fields near an infant massive star, a discovery that could revolutionise our understanding of how stars and galaxies form. Massive stars, those more than 8 to 10 times the mass of our Sun, have long baffled astrophysicists. Their formation process remained largely theoretical, especially because measuring magnetism around such nascent giants was nearly impossible, until now. A Peek Into Star-Birthing Nurseries The study focused on a massive protostar named IRAS 18162-2048, situated 4,500 light years away. Using cutting-edge data from the Karl G Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) in the US, the team observed a rare phenomenon: circularly polarised radio emissions. This form of emission is a telltale marker of magnetic fields. Thanks to this detection, the researchers were able to measure the magnetic field in the star's immediate surroundings, finding it to be between 20-35 Gauss, which is about 100 times stronger than Earth's magnetic field. Why This Matters? This is a landmark achievement in astrophysics. Previously, such magnetic fields had only been inferred or observed in low-mass protostars, like those that form stars similar to our Sun. But this study shows that even massive stars may follow similar magnetic pathways during formation, suggesting a universal mechanism behind star births. Dr Sarita Vig, the lead scientist from IIST who conceptualised the study, emphasised its importance: 'These magnetic field values are now scientifically measured from near the protostar, unlike earlier studies that relied on theoretical models.' Proving a Universal Theory The findings also support a long-standing theory in astrophysics, that jets seen erupting from stars and black holes are all powered by the same magnetic engine. 'This is the first strong evidence that jet formation physics is universal, whether it's a young star or a distant black hole,' said Amal George Cheriyan, a PhD researcher at IIST and co-author of the paper. Global Collaboration The work was a joint effort between IIST and leading institutions including the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (Argentina). Published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters, this pioneering research not only solves a decades-old cosmic puzzle but also opens new paths to explore how magnetic forces influence the birth and evolution of galaxies.
The Hindu
17-07-2025
- Science
- The Hindu
IIST team discovers radio emission with circular polarisation near a massive young protostar
An international team led by astronomers from the Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST) here has discovered radio emission with a special property known as circular polarisation near a massive young protostar that is still forming about 4,500 light years from earth. [Protostar refers to the earliest known stage of a star when it is still accumulating gas and dust material from its surroundings.] The discovery linked to IRAS 18162-2048, a massive protostar in the Milky Way galaxy, opens an exciting window into scientists' understanding of how massive stars form, astronomers at the IIST said on Thursday. Circular polarisation occurs when electric and magnetic field vectors of electromagnetic waves—in this case radio waves—rotate in a circle about the direction in which the waves travel through space. This emission offers the first direct clue to the strength of magnetic fields in the immediate neighbourhood of a protostar, they said. The findings have been published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters under the title 'First Detection of Circular Polarization in Radio Continuum Toward a Massive Protostar.' In the early stage, the protostar can also eject high-velocity material in opposite directions, known as a bipolar jet. 'Massive protostars' evolve to have mass more than 8 to 10 times that of the Sun. Protostellar jets According to the astronomers, IRAS 18162-2048 powers one of the largest and brightest known protostellar jets in the Milky Way, the HH80-81 jet. It is believed that the magnetic field and rotation in the protostellar system are responsible for the ejection of the jet. While a magnetic field has been imaged from the jet earlier, this is the first time that hints of it have been detected directly from this massive protostar, according to the IIST. Strong magnetic fields have been observed earlier in low-mass protostars that go on to form stars like the Sun. But measuring such fields around massive protostars has remained elusive, until now. Much harder to study 'Massive protostars are much harder to study. The circular polarisation we are looking for is very faint and sporadic, making such measurements very challenging,' Amal George Cheriyan from the IIST, lead author of the paper, said in a statement. The radio observations were carried out using the National Radio Astronomy Observatory's (NRAO) Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) in the U.S. 'This is the first inference of the magnetic field strength using circular polarisation in radio waves from a massive protostar,' said Sarita Vig of the IIST who conceptualised the work. Remarkable result 'The detection of circular polarisation is an exceptionally rare and challenging feat even in active galactic nuclei (AGNs), where conditions are extreme, but better investigated,' Nirupam Roy from the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, said. Samir Mandal of the IIST noted that observing the phenomenon in the environment of a massive protostar, which lies buried in dense gas and dust, is even more difficult, making this result remarkable. The new data has allowed researchers to infer that the magnetic field near the protostar is roughly 100 times stronger than the Earth's magnetic field. They also support a long-standing theory that powerful jets from stars and black holes are driven by the same magnetic engine.
The Hindu
25-06-2025
- Business
- The Hindu
Google DeepMind unveils on-device robotics model
Google DeepMind has unveiled a Gemini Robotics on-device Vision Language Action (VLA) model that can run locally on robotic devices. The AI model is built for general purpose tasks and can run without the internet. This is Google's first VLA model that has made available for fine-tuning. Developers can sign up for the tester programme and access the software kits. This new model comes two months after the search giant released its Gemini Robotics model based on Gemini 2.0's multimodal reasoning and real-world understanding of the physical world. The flagship model can run both on-device and on the cloud, and is built for bi-pedal robots. The model can also be customised for different robotic form factors. 'While we trained our model only for ALOHA robots, we were able to further adapt it to bi-arm Franka FR3 robot and the Apollo humanoid robot by Apptronik,' the company said in a blog post. With the bi-arm Franks, the VLA model can perform other tasks like folding clothes or work on industrial belt assembly tasks too.
Hans India
12-06-2025
- Science
- Hans India
Nasa's Chandra detects powerful black hole jet during universe's 'cosmic noon'
In a remarkable cosmic discovery, NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory has detected a surprisingly powerful jet emerging from a supermassive black hole located 11.6 billion light-years from Earth. This black hole existed during "cosmic noon"—a period roughly three billion years after the Big Bang, when galaxies and black holes grew at record rates. Working alongside the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA), astronomers captured X-ray and radio data that reveal the jet's extraordinary reach—over 300,000 light-years—and the extreme speeds of the particles within it, approaching 99% the speed of light. The black hole's jet became visible because it collided with the dense sea of cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation—the ancient light left over from the Big Bang. These high-speed electrons boosted CMB photons into the X-ray range, enabling Chandra to detect them despite the vast distance. Two black holes, designated J1405+0415 and J1610+1811, were confirmed to have jets traveling at relativistic speeds. Remarkably, the jet from J1610+1811 carries nearly half as much energy as the light from gas orbiting the black hole, highlighting its immense power. Because of special relativity, jets moving toward Earth appear brighter, creating a detection bias. The research team overcame this challenge by developing a novel statistical model that factors in these relativistic effects. Through thousands of simulations, they estimated the jets' viewing angles—approximately 9° and 11° from Earth's line of sight. These findings were presented by lead researcher Jaya Maithil of the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian at the 246th meeting of the American Astronomical Society in Anchorage, Alaska. The results will be published in The Astrophysical Journal, with a preprint already available online. NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center manages the Chandra program, with science operations led from the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory's Chandra X-ray Center in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
NDTV
10-06-2025
- Science
- NDTV
Black Hole With Powerful Jet Illuminated By Universe's 'Oldest Light' Spotted
Using NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and Karl G Jansky Very Large Array (VLA), astronomers have spotted a powerful jet from a black hole situated in the distant universe that is being illuminated by the leftover glow from the Big Bang -- the oldest light in the universe. Researchers observed the black hole and its jet at a period they call "cosmic noon," which occurred about three billion years after the universe began. The black hole is located 11.6 billion light-years from Earth, when the cosmic microwave background (CMB) was much denser than it is now. During this time, most galaxies and supermassive black holes were growing faster than at any other time during the history of the universe. "As the electrons in the jets fly away from the black hole, they move through the sea of CMB radiation and collide with microwave photons," NASA stated, adding: "These collisions boost the energy of the photons up into the X-ray band, allowing them to be detected by Chandra even at this great distance, which is shown in the inset." The jets extending from these black holes can extend millions of light-years in length. They are exceedingly bright because when particles approach the speed of light, they give off a tremendous amount of energy and behave in weird ways that Albert Einstein predicted. Two other black holes Additionally, the researchers confirmed the existence of two different black holes with jets over 300,000 light-years long. Situated 11.6 billion and 11.7 billion light-years away, particles in one jet are moving at between 95 per cent and 99 per cent of the speed of light (called J1405+0415) and the other at between 92 per cent and 98 per cent of the speed of light (J1610+1811). In January, scientists stumbled upon a supermassive black hole, located a whopping 12.9 billion light-years from Earth, with its jet pointing straight at us. Named J0410-0139, the black hole has a mass of about 700 million Suns and is one of the oldest of its kind that scientists have ever observed. When one of these jets points directly at Earth, scientists call the black hole system a blazar. Notably, a jet racing at near-light speed but angled away from us can appear just as bright as a slower jet pointed directly at Earth.
