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Malay Mail
4 hours ago
- General
- Malay Mail
The heartbeat of Kaamatan: Inside the Kadazandusun's sacred ‘Magavau' ceremony that calls the rice spirit home
KOTA KINABALU, May 31 — The Kadazandusun people of Sabah are known not only for their vibrant traditions — such as gong music, rice wine, and dance — but also, as the largest indigenous ethnic group in the state, for their deep spiritual connection to the land from which they draw life and livelihood. To them, the land and all living beings are imbued with spirit, history, and meaning. This belief is reflected in their rich traditions and rituals — from birth to death, from planting to healing, and every action in between. At the heart of their identity is a reverence for the Bambarayon, the rice spirit and essence of life. To them, rice is more than just food or sustenance — it is life itself. They believe it is their duty to respect, protect, and live in harmony with the natural world. This belief forms the basis of their many sacred rituals, including those practiced during Kaamatan, the annual Harvest Festival. The Magavau ceremony is perhaps the most well-known, sacred, and traditional ritual of the Kaamatan Festival, centred on giving thanks to the spirits for a bountiful harvest. It is performed annually at the Kadazandusun Cultural Association (KDCA) during the state-level launch event. Magavau means 'to recover' in the Kadazandusun language and the ceremony is a thanksgiving ritual to honour and appease the rice spirit after the harvest. Sabah Native Council Affairs president Benedict Topin said that Magavau also derives from the root word tavau, which means 'fragrance', as the bobolians (high priestesses) use the scent of new rice to communicate with the scattered parts of the rice spirit, Bambarayon. According to tradition, when rice is harvested, parts of the rice spirit may become scattered or lost. Pests and predators such as insects, birds, and animals, as well as calamities like floods and droughts, can harm or carry away parts of Bambarayon. These parts can also be carelessly dropped during harvesting, transporting, winnowing, pounding, or milling, leaving them at the mercy of environmental hazards. Even discarded rice wine can cause the spirits to be lost. The Magavau ritual is performed to 'recall' the spirits to ensure continued blessings and bountiful harvests in the future. The ritual is conducted by a bobohizan or bobolian, the traditional priestess or spiritual leader of the Kadazandusun. She leads chants called rinaits, which can be in the form of songs, dances, and symbolic gestures to invoke the spirit of Bambarayon and guide it back to the rice barns and homes of the community. For the Kadazandusun people, rice is more than just food or sustenance — it is life itself. — Picture by Sayuti Zainudin 'Magavau has enriched meanings, typical of the creative compositions of the rinaits (bobolian recitals) using rhyming words to maximise intentional meanings and purposes of words,' said Topin. The ritual chants begin with a circle of bobohizan and bobolians of a certain number, all chanting in ancient Kadazan language to communicate with the spirit world. It is said that the priestesses may enter a trance-like state during the ceremony. The rinaits serve to beckon the spirits to reunite with the whole Bambarayon spirit, symbolised by the Toguruon — seven ears of paddy hoisted on a bamboo pole. They repeat the chants continuously until they rise, place their hands on each other's shoulders, and move together in a circle. A male bobohizan normally takes the front of the line, waving a 'sword' while the others continue to chant to beckon the strayed Bambarayon to come home with them. Intermittently, a pangkis (triumphant war-cry) may be released by the male bobohizan as an expression of joy each time a part of Bambarayon is found and recovered. Throughout the Magavau ceremony, the bobohizan and their followers must stay close together, with their hands on the leader's shoulders. This is to maintain an orderly procession and to reduce the risk of stumbling at night, which could anger the many unseen spirits in the soil, water, wind, and vegetation. Sometimes, offerings such as cooked rice, chicken, rice wine (tapai), and traditional cakes are prepared and presented to the spirits. The priestesses may also use items like bamboo containers, rice stalks, and cloth to symbolically 'gather' the spirit. At some point, a gong ensemble and Sumazau dance will accompany the ritual, especially in the bigger district or community level rituals. With the adoption of religion and modern beliefs, such rituals are becoming rarer, but a symbolic ritual is still performed during the state-level Kaamatan closing ceremony to celebrate and promote Kadazandusun culture among the public and younger generation, reminding them of their ancestral beliefs.
Malay Mail
3 days ago
- Business
- Malay Mail
‘This is our land': Indonesia's last forest tribe fights for survival as EV nickel rush devours their home
LELILEF SAWAI, May 28 — Sitting deep in east Indonesia's lush jungle, Bokum, one of the country's last isolated hunter-gatherers, has a simple message for the nickel miners threatening his home: 'This is our land.' He belongs to the Hongana Manyawa Indigenous tribe, which includes around 3,000 'contacted' members like him, and another 500 who reject contact with the modern world. Their home on Halmahera Island was once a breathtaking kaleidoscope of nature that provided sanctuary and sustenance. But it is being eaten away by the world's largest nickel mine, as Indonesia exploits vast reserves of the metal used in everything from electric vehicles to stainless steel. 'I'm worried if they keep destroying the forest,' Bokum told AFP in a clearing in central Halmahera. 'We have no idea how to survive without our home and food.' The plight of the Hongana Manyawa, or 'People of the Forest', started gaining attention in Indonesia last year after a video widely shared on Facebook showed emaciated, uncontacted members emerging from their rapidly changing forest home to beg for food. But the remote region — about 1,500 miles (2,414 kilometres) from capital Jakarta — mostly remains far from the public consciousness. AFP travelled into the Halmahera jungle to see how the sprawling Weda Bay Nickel concession has affected the once-pristine tribal lands that the Hongana Manyawa call home. During a three-day, 36-kilometre (22-mile) trek across parts of the 45,000-hectare concession, the mining operation's impacts were starkly clear. Booms from controlled explosions to expose nickel shook birds from trees, while helicopters buzzing overhead shared the skies with green parrots, Moluccan owls, hornbills and giant bees. Tree stumps provided evidence of logging, and off-duty mine guards were seen hunting tropical birds with air guns. Throughout the night, the sound of excavators scratching the topsoil penetrated the thick vegetation, competing with frog calls and the drone of insects. Mud that locals say is stirred up by mining has stained rivers copper, and the water leaves skin irritated. Ngigoro, 62, an elder of the Hongana Manyawa indigenous tribe who left the forest and now lives in a village with his mother. — AFP pic In 22 river crossings, only a few fish were visible. Tribe members say they have mostly disappeared. AFP did not seek to meet uncontacted Hongana Manyawa. Bokum emerged from isolation earlier in his life, but still has very limited contact with the outside world. He and his wife Nawate agreed to meet AFP around 45 minutes from his home deeper in the jungle. But he could not stay long: en route, he spotted miners and wanted to return to ward them off. 'The company workers have been trying to map our territory,' he told AFP, wearing a black cowboy hat, shirt and rolled-up jeans. 'It's our home and we will not give it to them.' 'Prevent their annihilation' Indonesia's constitution enshrines Indigenous land rights, and a 2013 Constitutional Court ruling promised to give local communities greater control of their customary forests. But environmental groups say the law is not well enforced. With no land titles, the Hongana Manyawa have little chance of asserting their claims to stewardship of forest that overlaps with Weda Bay's concession. According to Weda Bay Nickel (WBN), its mine on Indonesia's Maluku islands accounted for 17 percent of global nickel production in 2023, making it the largest in the world. WBN is a joint venture of Indonesia's Antam and Singapore-based Strand Minerals, with shares divided between French mining giant Eramet and Chinese steel major Tsingshan. WBN told AFP it is 'committed to responsible mining and protecting the environment', and trains employees to 'respect local customs and traditions'. It said there is 'no evidence that uncontacted or isolated groups are being impacted by WBN's operations'. This photo taken on April 13, 2025 shows smoke rising from Weda Bay Industrial Park (WBIP), a major nickel processing and smelting hub, forming a manmade cloud in Central Halmahera, North Maluku. — AFP pic Eramet told AFP it has requested permission from WBN's majority shareholders for an independent review of 'engagement protocols' with Hongana Manyawa, expected this year. Further review of how the tribe uses the area's forests and rivers is also underway, it added, though it said there was currently 'no evidence' of members living in isolation in its concession. The Indonesian government, which acknowledges most of the concession was previously protected forest, told AFP otherwise. There is 'recognition of evidence of the existence of isolated tribes around Weda Bay', said the directorate general of coal and minerals at Indonesia's energy ministry. It said it was committed to 'protecting the rights of Indigenous peoples and ensuring that mining activities do not damage their lives and environment'. Indigenous rights NGO Survival International said that was Jakarta's first acknowledgement of uncontacted, or 'isolated', Hongana Manyawa in the area. It called the admission a 'hammer blow' to Eramet's claims and said a no-go area to protect the tribe was 'the only way to prevent their annihilation'. Both WBN and Eramet said they work to minimise impact on the environment. Eramet's new CEO will be in Indonesia this week, seeking permission to expand the mine's capacity. Tsingshan and Antam did not respond to AFP requests for comment. Bokum said mining has driven away the wild pigs, deer and fish he once caught for food. Now, he looks for shrimp and frogs in less-affected smaller streams. 'Since the company destroyed our home, our forest, we've been struggling to hunt, to find clean water,' he said in the Indigenous Tobelo language. 'If they keep destroying our forest we cannot drink clean water again.' 'Go away' Nickel is central to Indonesia's growth strategy. It banned ore exports in 2020 to capture more of the value chain. The country is both the world's largest producer, and home to the biggest-known reserves. This aerial photo taken on April 16, 2025 shows a general view of a nickel mining site and the edge of the forest where Bokum, a member of the Hongana Manyawa indigenous tribe, regularly patrols to monitor mining activity in East Halmahera, North Maluku. — AFP pic Mining — dominated by coal and nickel — represented nearly nine per cent of its GDP in the first quarter of 2025, government data shows. Nickel mined in the Halmahera concession is processed at the Weda Bay Industrial Park. Since operations began in 2019, the area has transformed rapidly, into what some call a 'Wild West'. At a checkpoint near the industrial park, men stopped AFP to demand cash and forced their vehicle to move elsewhere, before a local government official intervened. The towns on the mine edge — Lelilef Sawai, Gemaf and Sagea — form a chaotic frontier. Employees in hard hats crisscross muddy roads that back up with rush-hour traffic. Shops catering to labourers line the roadside, along with prostitutes looking for business in front of bed bug-infested hostels. The mining workforce has more than doubled since 2020 to nearly 30,000 people. Locals say these are mostly outsiders whose arrival has sparked tensions and coincided with rising cases of respiratory illness and HIV/AIDS. Smelter towers belch a manmade cloud visible from kilometres away. 'Mining companies have not implemented good practices, have violated human rights and there is rarely any evaluation,' said Adlun Fiqri, spokesman for the Save Sagea campaign group. Inside the jungle, a similar story is playing out, said Hongana Manyawa member Ngigoro, who emerged from the uncontacted as a child. 'Long before the mining, it was really quiet and good to live in the forest,' said the 62-year-old, as he marked his route by slicing pock-marks into trees with his machete. He remains at ease in the forest, using reeds for shade and bamboo shoots to boil water. 'There was no destruction. They were not afraid of anything,' he said. He climbed nimbly down a steep slope by clinging to tree roots before crossing a riverbed peppered with garnierite — green nickel ore. 'This land belongs to the Hongana Manyawa,' he said. 'They existed living in the rainforest before even the state existed. So go away.' That sentiment echoes elsewhere on Halmahera. At least 11 Indigenous people were recently arrested for protesting mining activity in the island's east, Amnesty International said Monday. 'We will not give our consent' Despite their 'contacted' status, Bokum and Nawate have rarely met outsiders. They approached haltingly, with Nawate refusing to speak at all, instead surveying her visitors with a cautious smile. Bokum described moving at least six times to outrun encroaching miners. Bokum and his wife Nawate, members of the Hongana Manyawa indigenous tribe, walking through their cassava field in East Halmahera, North Maluku. — AFP pic NGOs fear the mine operation risks wiping out the tribe. 'They rely entirely on what nature provides for them to survive and as their rainforest is being devastated so too are they,' said Callum Russell, Asia research and advocacy officer at Survival International. 'Any contact with workers in the forest runs the risk of exposing them to deadly diseases to which they have little to no immunity.' The government told AFP it has 'conducted documentation' to understand isolated tribes near Weda Bay, and involved them 'in the decision-making process'. Activists say this is impossible given most of the group do not use modern technology and limit contact with outsiders. Amid growing scrutiny, there have been rumblings of support for the tribe, including from some senior politicians. Tesla, which has signed deals to invest in Indonesian nickel, has mooted no-go zones to protect Indigenous peoples. And Swedish EV company Polestar last year said it would seek to avoid compromising 'uncontacted tribes' in its supply chain. For Bokum however, the problem is already on his doorstep. A 2.5-kilometre-long (1.5 miles) open pit lies just over the hill from a plot where he grows pineapple and cassava. Bokum and Nawate received mobile phones from mine workers—in an unsuccessful attempt to convince them to approve mining operations. They and other tribe members use numerical codes to identify contacts and make calls. They must approach the concession to pick up signal, but when mine workers near his home, Bokum wields his machete to scare them off. 'This is our land. Our home,' he said. 'We will not give our consent to destroy it.' — AFP
Japan Times
3 days ago
- Business
- Japan Times
Nickel rush for stainless steel guts Indonesia tribe's forest home
Sitting deep in east Indonesia's lush jungle, Bokum, one of the country's last isolated hunter-gatherers, has a simple message for the nickel miners threatening his home: "This is our land." He belongs to the Hongana Manyawa Indigenous tribe, which includes around 3,000 "contacted" members like him, and another 500 who reject contact with the modern world. Their home on Halmahera Island was once a breathtaking kaleidoscope of nature that provided sanctuary and sustenance. But it is being eaten away by the world's largest nickel mine, as Indonesia exploits vast reserves of the metal used in everything from electric vehicles to stainless steel. "I'm worried if they keep destroying the forest," Bokum said in a clearing in central Halmahera. "We have no idea how to survive without our home and food." The plight of the Hongana Manyawa, or "People of the Forest," started gaining attention in Indonesia last year after a video widely shared on Facebook showed emaciated, uncontacted members emerging from their rapidly changing forest home to beg for food. But the remote region — about 2,414 kilometers from capital Jakarta — mostly remains far from the public consciousness. AFP traveled into the Halmahera jungle to see how the sprawling Weda Bay Nickel concession has affected the once-pristine tribal lands that the Hongana Manyawa call home. During a three-day, 36-kilometer trek across parts of the 45,000-hectare concession, the mining operation's impacts were starkly clear. Smoke rises from WBIP, a major nickel processing and smelting hub, in Lelilef Sawai, Central Halmahera, North Maluku, Indonesia, on April 18. | AFP-JIJI Booms from controlled explosions to expose nickel shook birds from trees, while helicopters buzzing overhead shared the skies with green parrots, Moluccan owls, hornbills and giant bees. Tree stumps provided evidence of logging, and off-duty mine guards were seen hunting tropical birds with air guns. Throughout the night, the sound of excavators scratching the topsoil penetrated the thick vegetation, competing with frog calls and the drone of insects. Mud that locals say is stirred up by mining has stained rivers copper, and the water leaves the skin irritated. In 22 river crossings, only a few fish were visible. Tribe members say they have mostly disappeared. AFP did not seek to meet uncontacted Hongana Manyawa. Bokum emerged from isolation earlier in his life but still has very limited contact with the outside world. He and his wife Nawate agreed to meet around 45 minutes from his home deeper in the jungle. But he could not stay long: en route, he spotted miners and wanted to return to ward them off. "The company workers have been trying to map our territory," he said, wearing a black cowboy hat, shirt and rolled-up jeans. "It's our home, and we will not give it to them." 'Prevent their annihilation' Indonesia's constitution enshrines Indigenous land rights, and a 2013 Constitutional Court ruling promised to give local communities greater control of their customary forests. But environmental groups say the law is not well enforced. With no land titles, the Hongana Manyawa have little chance of asserting their claims to stewardship of forest that overlaps with Weda Bay's concession. Smoke surrounds WBIP, a major nickel processing and smelting hub, forming a human-made cloud in Gemaf, Central Halmahera, North Maluku, Indonesia, on April 13. | AFP-JIJI According to Weda Bay Nickel (WBN), its mine on Indonesia's Maluku islands accounted for 17% of global nickel production in 2023, making it the largest in the world. WBN is a joint venture of Indonesia's Antam and Singapore-based Strand Minerals, with shares divided between French mining giant Eramet and Chinese steel major Tsingshan. WBN said it is "committed to responsible mining and protecting the environment," and trains employees to "respect local customs and traditions." It said there is "no evidence that uncontacted or isolated groups are being impacted by WBN's operations." Eramet said it has requested permission from WBN's majority shareholders for an independent review of "engagement protocols" with Hongana Manyawa, expected this year. Further review of how the tribe uses the area's forests and rivers is also under way, it added, though it said there was currently "no evidence" of members living in isolation in its concession. The Indonesian government, which acknowledges most of the concession was previously protected forest, said otherwise. There is "recognition of evidence of the existence of isolated tribes around Weda Bay," said the directorate general of coal and minerals at Indonesia's energy ministry. It said it was committed to "protecting the rights of Indigenous peoples and ensuring that mining activities do not damage their lives and environment." Indigenous rights nongovernmental organization Survival International said that was Jakarta's first acknowledgement of uncontacted, or "isolated," Hongana Manyawa in the area. It called the admission a "hammer blow" to Eramet's claims and said a no-go area to protect the tribe was "the only way to prevent their annihilation." Both WBN and Eramet said they work to minimize the impact on the environment. Eramet's new CEO will be in Indonesia this week, seeking permission to expand the mine's capacity. Tsingshan and Antam did not respond to requests for comment. A nickel mining site, constructed after forests were cleared, sits next to a river locals say has been contaminated by mining operations in Central Halmahera, North Maluku, Indonesia, on April 14. | AFP-JIJI Bokum said mining has driven away the wild pigs, deer and fish he once caught for food. Now, he looks for shrimp and frogs in less-affected smaller streams. "Since the company destroyed our home, our forest, we've been struggling to hunt, to find clean water," he said in the Indigenous Tobelo language. "If they keep destroying our forest, we cannot drink clean water again." 'Go away' Nickel is central to Indonesia's growth strategy. It banned ore exports in 2020 to capture more of the value chain. The country is both the world's largest producer and home to the biggest-known reserves. Mining — dominated by coal and nickel — represented nearly 9% of its GDP in the first quarter of 2025, government data shows. Nickel mined in the Halmahera concession is processed at the Weda Bay Industrial Park. Since operations began in 2019, the area has transformed rapidly, into what some call a "Wild West." At a checkpoint near the industrial park, men stopped AFP to demand cash and forced their vehicle to move elsewhere, before a local government official intervened. The towns on the mine edge — Lelilef Sawai, Gemaf and Sagea — form a chaotic frontier. Employees in hard hats crisscross muddy roads that back up with rush-hour traffic. Shops catering to laborers line the roadside, along with prostitutes looking for business in front of bed bug-infested hostels. The mining workforce has more than doubled since 2020 to nearly 30,000 people. Locals say these are mostly outsiders whose arrival has sparked tensions and coincided with rising cases of respiratory illness and HIV/AIDS. Smelter towers belch a human-made cloud visible from kilometers away. "Mining companies have not implemented good practices, have violated human rights and there is rarely any evaluation," said Adlun Fiqri, spokesperson for the Save Sagea campaign group. Inside the jungle, a similar story is playing out, said Hongana Manyawa member Ngigoro, who emerged from the uncontacted as a child. "Long before the mining, it was really quiet and good to live in the forest," said the 62-year-old, as he marked his route by slicing pock-marks into trees with his machete. He remains at ease in the forest, using reeds for shade and bamboo shoots to boil water. "There was no destruction. They were not afraid of anything," he said. He climbed nimbly down a steep slope by clinging to tree roots before crossing a riverbed peppered with garnierite — green nickel ore. "This land belongs to the Hongana Manyawa," he said. "They existed living in the rainforest before even the state existed. So go away." That sentiment echoes elsewhere on Halmahera. At least 11 Indigenous people were recently arrested for protesting mining activity in the island's east, Amnesty International said Monday. 'We will not give our consent' Despite their "contacted" status, Bokum and Nawate have rarely met outsiders. They approached haltingly, with Nawate refusing to speak at all, instead surveying her visitors with a cautious smile. Bokum described moving at least six times to outrun encroaching miners. Nongovernmental organizations fear the mine operation risks wiping out the tribe. "They rely entirely on what nature provides for them to survive, and as their rainforest is being devastated, so, too, are they," said Callum Russell, Asia research and advocacy officer at Survival International. "Any contact with workers in the forest runs the risk of exposing them to deadly diseases to which they have little to no immunity." A nickel mining site and the edge of the forest where Bokum, a member of the Hongana Manyawa indigenous tribe, regularly patrols to monitor mining activity in East Halmahera, North Maluku, Indonesia, on April 16. | AFP-JIJI The government said it has "conducted documentation" to understand isolated tribes near Weda Bay, and involved them "in the decision-making process." Activists say this is impossible given most of the group do not use modern technology and limit contact with outsiders. Amid growing scrutiny, there have been rumblings of support for the tribe, including from some senior politicians. Tesla, which has signed deals to invest in Indonesian nickel, has mooted no-go zones to protect Indigenous peoples. And Swedish EV company Polestar last year said it would seek to avoid compromising "uncontacted tribes" in its supply chain. For Bokum however, the problem is already on his doorstep. A 2.5-kilometer-long open pit lies just over the hill from a plot where he grows pineapple and cassava. Bokum and Nawate received mobile phones from mine workers — in an unsuccessful attempt to convince them to approve mining operations. They and other tribe members use numerical codes to identify contacts and make calls. They must approach the concession to pick up signal, but when mine workers near his home, Bokum wields his machete to scare them off. "This is our land. Our home," he said. "We will not give our consent to destroy it."
Daily Mail
4 days ago
- Business
- Daily Mail
King Charles latest updates: Monarch expected to show support to Canada amid Trump threat in historic speech
King Charles is expected to offer his support to Canada following a dispute with US President Donald Trump in an historic address in the country's parliament. On the second day of his two-day visit Charles will become only the second British monarch to deliver a speech at Canada's state opening at a time when Trump has launched a trade war and suggested the country could soon become America's 51st state. During the first day of their trip, Charles and Camilla experienced all aspects of Canadian life from street hockey to a greeting from indigenous people, a trip widely seen as a show of support for the country in the face of challenges from the US leader.
SBS Australia
5 days ago
- General
- SBS Australia
Ina'ilau a Tama'ita'i: Charlotte Allen.
For the second episode of our 'Ina'ilau a Tama'ita'i' series, we bring you the incredible story of Charlotte Allen, a Samoan woman living and working with the indigenous people of the Mutitjulu community in Uluru, Northern Territory. Ms Charlotte Allen works in the Mutitjulu community with her husband, (also Samoan), who is the caretaker/general tradesperson in the community. Another Samoan worker, Mr Andrew Sua, also works in the Mutitjulu community, and as we featured in a previous feature report, Mr Sua has been working with indigenous communities in Alice Springs and elsewhere in the Nothern Territory for more that two decades. Ms Charlotte Allen has been appointed the Assistant Chief Executive Officer for the Mutitjulu Aboriginal Community Corporation, a non-profit enterprise that aims to improve services, educational and employment opportunities for the people of the Mutitjulu community. You can also check out our first episode in the 'Ina'ilau a Tama'itai' series on the Ina'ilau a Rita Seumanutafa, Samoan musicologist and community leader in Victoria. We are celebrating 50 years of broadcasting in the languages of the world, including Samoan. Usufono Ioane Lafoa'i Samoan executive producer
