Latest news with #thriller
Forbes
7 hours ago
- Entertainment
- Forbes
Inside The Costume And Visual Storytelling Of ‘Dangerous Animals'
The cast of "Dangerous Animals" at the after party following its premiere at the 78th Cannes Film ... More Festival. Dangerous Animals made a striking world premiere on May 17, 2025, at the Cannes Film Festival, screening in the prestigious Directors' Fortnight section. It marked the first Australian feature to appear in the program since These Final Hours in 2014, and it left an impression: a 10-minute standing ovation culminated in an animal-themed celebration that matched the film's visceral energy that complimented the film's costume, makeup, and hair. Filmed on the Gold Coast, Dangerous Animals stars Hassie Harrison as Zephyr, a bold and free-spirited surfer whose abduction by shark-obsessed serial killer Bruce Tucker (Jai Courtney) ignites a gripping thriller. As Zephyr plots her escape before becoming part of Tucker's ritualistic shark feeding, her love interest Moses (Josh Heuston) is drawn into the chaos. The film, written by Nick Lepard and directed by horror auteur Sean Byrne (The Loved Ones, The Devil's Candy), blends manipulated shark footage with stylized live-action to create a hyperreal sense of danger. But beyond the film's narrative thrills and technical feats, it's the costume and makeup design that quietly command the spotlight, subtly reflecting the characters' unraveling psyches and physical transformations. Veteran costume designer Marion Boyce, whose four-decade career spans both period dramas and edgy contemporary thrillers, was tasked with crafting a visual language that echoed the characters' psychological and physical deterioration. 'The costumes had to survive intense physical demands, but more importantly, they needed to tell a story,' Boyce tells Forbes. Boyce and her team developed a color palette rooted in muted, weathered tones such as smoky blues, washed-out grays, and soft greens that visually mirror the bleak tension of the film's coastal setting. 'We leaned into natural fibers that absorb distress well and carry a sense of realism,' she says. 'Every piece had to look lived-in, worn down by both the elements and emotional decay.' A still featuring the film's leads before turmoil ensues. For Zephyr, whose journey transforms her from carefree to captive, Boyce constructed multiple versions of each costume to track her gradual disintegration including sweat, sand, blood, and salt water which all becoming part of her evolving look. Meanwhile, warmer russet tones were subtly introduced during romantic scenes to evoke fleeting moments of safety and tenderness. Perhaps the most chilling challenge was designing for Bruce Tucker, the killer whose ordinary appearance conceals his monstrous intent. 'We had to create a costume that wouldn't raise any alarms within the world of the film but would still hint at his disturbing nature to the audience,' Boyce reveals. 'The key was in the subtleties: fit, fabric texture, and how he wore it without being overt.' Behind the scenes, the costume and makeup teams worked closely with the director and cinematographer to ensure that styling supported the psychological nuances of each frame. While Dangerous Animals grips audiences with its high-stakes story of survival, it's the invisible details (the smudged eyeliner, the sweat-soaked hair, the glint of mascara) that help deliver its emotional punch. For Zeljka Stanin, head of the film's Makeup and Hair Department, these subtle visual cues are more than aesthetics, but psychological storytelling tools. Tucker (played by Australian actor Jai Courtney) stars as a deranged serial killer who uses sharks ... More as his weapon of choice. In an exclusive interview with Forbes, Stanin breaks down how hair and makeup were used to track the characters' emotional arcs and physical decline across the film's tense runtime. 'Once we break down the script and understand each character's journey, we look for points in the schedule where we can introduce gradual shifts,' she explains. 'Even something as simple as mascara can change the tone of a scene. Adding it can enhance strength or allure, while removing it evokes vulnerability or despair.' These minor shifts in appearance, Stanin notes, are designed to guide the audience's emotional perception. 'The goal is to nudge viewers in a specific direction without pulling focus from the characters themselves," she adds. Plus, given the film's premise, injuries are a major visual element. Accordingly, Stanin is quick to point out that realism must be carefully balanced with viewer experience. 'If we recreated real shark wounds with complete medical accuracy, it would be too graphic. It could distance or even disturb the audience beyond what's narratively useful,' she says. 'Instead, we craft stylized injuries that are hyperreal, but digestible. The effects take hours of prep and planning, especially for scenes where we do choose to go graphic. It's all about timing and impact.' The costume and makeup teams masterfully strike a balance in portraying hyperrealistic shark wounds ... More and graphic details like blood. The work behind the scenes also required flexibility. With a cast of varied hair types, skin tones, and performance needs, Stanin's team had to adapt constantly to balance tight budgets while ensuring continuity and authenticity. 'You have to be resourceful. Sometimes that means using the products you already own in creative ways, or sourcing unique materials from local suppliers when international ones aren't available.' New products and experimental tools always find their way into the process, but Stanin remains grounded in craft. As a big believer in understanding ingredients, she's also open to sourcing local and international products and tools, while keeping an eye on what's already in her makeup product. After all, she notes, how surprising it can be to reuse a product when you look at it with fresh eyes. As Dangerous Animals prepares for its global rollout on June 6th, its critical acclaim isn't just about the thrills or direction, but about how every visual and costume choice, down to a torn hem or the fade of denim, contributes to its storytelling and psychological appeal. 'Dangerous Animals' is set to be released in the United States on June 6, 2025, and in Australia on ... More June 12, 2025.
Daily Mail
12 hours ago
- Entertainment
- Daily Mail
‘Stomach-churning' thriller rockets up the Netflix charts a whopping 14 years on from its ITV debut - as viewers warn ‘it left me with chills'
A 'stomach-churning' thriller has rocketed up the Netflix charts a whopping 14 years on from its ITV debut - with viewers warning 'it left me with chills'. Appropriate Adult, which first aired on ITV in 2011, is a two-part mini-series of TV films dramatising how serial killers Fred and Rose West were brought to justice. The couple tortured, raped and murdered at least twelve young women in Gloucester between 1967 and 1987 - including their daughter Heather, 16, and Rose's stepdaughter Charmaine, eight. The dramatisation runs from their arrests in February 1994 until Fred's suicide, aged 53, behind bars in January 1995 - while Rose, 71, is still now serving a life sentence. It stars Dominic West as Fred, Monica Dolan (Mr Bates vs The Post Office) as Rose and Emily Watson as social worker Janet Leach - Fred's appropriate adult during police interviews, so there can be no suggestion he did not understand them. Viewers have taken to IMDb to express how gripping this older dramatisation is - after a harrowing Netflix documentary on the Wests, released earlier this month, reawakened interest in the case. From A-list scandals and red carpet mishaps to exclusive pictures and viral moments, subscribe to the DailyMail's new Showbiz newsletter to stay in the loop. The documentary, called Fred And Rose West: A British Horror Story, focusses on the victims' families. For some, it was the first time they spoke out and opened up on camera about their trauma. Appropriate Adult, by contrast, hones in on Janet's pivotal role, present in all Fred's interviews about his horrifying crimes. The drama received a whopping eight BAFTA nominations at the time of its release, with Dominic (The Crown) and Emily (Chernobyl) winning the awards for best actor and actress respectively. One viewer said of the series, which is currently ranking in the streamer's top ten, said: 'I was very moved by this dramatisation. Brilliant acting which left me with chills. 'I had to keep reminding myself that these events actually happened because it's so stomach-churning. This is definitely a must-see!' Another said: 'Emily Watson's stunning BAFTA-winning performance sets the small screen ablaze in this gripping study of sociopathy and those seduced by it. 'Watson does some of her most memorable and powerful work here and it is a clear demonstration of a gifted actor at the height of her artistry.' Viewers have taken to IMDb (pictured) to express how gripping this older dramatisation is But not everyone was pleased with the TV show, as one commenter (pictured) took issue with what they felt was a too sympathetic portrayal of Fred But not everyone was pleased with the TV show, as one commenter took issue with what they felt was a too sympathetic portrayal of Fred. They said: 'It was repellent - as well as incomprehensible - to watch Leach's developing interest and fascination with Fred West. 'Anyone watching this [series] should first do some Googling to find out the details of what Fred and Rosemary West perpetrated. 'If anyone deserves to be called human monsters, it is this pair. 'In the light of this knowledge, the script's clear intention - to me anyway - to actually make West into a figure of sympathy is disgusting.' The opening credits explain: 'This is a true story. What follows is based on extensive research, interviews and published accounts. 'Some scenes have been created for the purposes of dramatisation.' But it felt all too real for Dominic, who told the BBC at the time of filming that playing Fred gave him nightmares: 'I have this recurring dream where I'm perched on a wall and Fred West is trying to grab me and pull me down.' The drama received a whopping eight BAFTA nominations at the time of its release, with Dominic (The Crown) and Emily (Chernobyl) winning the awards for best actor and actress respectively The couple (pictured) tortured, raped and murdered at least twelve young women in Gloucester between 1967 and 1987 - including their daughter Heather, 16, and Rose's stepdaughter Charmaine, eight He also defended the series against criticisms it might be too traumatising for the victims' families to watch. Dominic said: 'I think it's effective without being sensational in any way. 'Thousands of people still go missing in this country every year and are never found. 'Fred West preyed on runaways without being caught for 25 years. We should not forget this case because there could be others like him.' It comes after audiences saw for the first time the eerie home videos of the West family, featured in the Netflix documentary that landed earlier this month. Riding bicycles over hilly tracks, wading through rambling streams and with children excitedly running off in different directions, they look like an ordinary family enjoying a day trip to the countryside. You would never guess this was footage of the family life of Britain's most notorious and sadistic serial killers: the Wests. The extraordinary family archive appears alongside chilling police footage of the moments West began giving up the secrets of 25 Cromwell Street in Gloucester. Riding bicycles over hilly tracks (pictured), wading through rambling streams and with children excitedly running off in different directions, they look like an ordinary family enjoying a day trip to the countryside Over a series of visits, West coldly points out where he has hidden the bodies of the vulnerable young women who were held captive, raped and tortured at the Wests' infamous address which would become known as the 'house of horrors'. He could not look more relaxed with a cigarette in hand. At times he has a smile on his face or is cracking jokes. It would later emerge that over 20 years the couple murdered at least 12 young women including two of their own children. Nine were dismembered and buried under the cellar and the garden patio at Cromwell Street by builder West. Rose was found guilty in 1995 of murdering ten girls and women, while Fred was facing trial for 12 murders before his suicide the same year.
Entrepreneur
13 hours ago
- Business
- Entrepreneur
Jeneva Rose on Writing No.1 Bestseller 'The Perfect Divorce'
This week's How Success Happens guest is a bestselling thriller writer who has been called "The Queen of Twists." So there was a 50/50 chance I would be murdered by the end of our maybe it was I who turned out to be the killer? Spoiler alert: Neither of those things happened. But instead, Jeneva Rose, whose new novel, The Perfect Divorce, hit No. 1 on the New York Times bestseller list, shared incredible tips for creative people who are looking to turn their passion into a business. Rose's background in marketing shapes every part of her writing, an edge that helped her turn her breakthrough novel, The Perfect Marriage, from a small press release into a bestseller. In this episode, Rose breaks down how she creates viral TikToks, her "binge-writing" approach to her books, and answers a question that has plagued this interviewer's mind: Do audiobooks count as reading? You can listen to our conversation below, or on your podcast platform of choice. And check out highlights of our chat here, which have been edited for length and clarity. Subscribe to How Success Happens: Apple | Spotify | YouTube Congrats on The Perfect Divorce hitting No. 1. How does that feel? It feels surreal. My brain hasn't caught up. Being No. 1 on the bestseller list is a pretty big sign of success, but how do you personally define success? It used to be the accolades of having the bestseller status, selling millions of copies and the big advances. But I think my definition of success changed about a year and a half ago, and it was when I was facing severe burnout. I didn't have the right team around me, so when I hit my breaking point, I knew I needed to make a change in order to continue this career. I changed up the whole team around me, and now I define success as being able to breathe, to have other people in the room speak on my behalf and to take a day off without feeling guilty that I should be doing something to progress my career. That's what success is. Related: Barbara Corcoran Reveals Who the Cheapest Shark Really Is — And Explains the True Passion That Drives Her Success When The Perfect Marriage first came out, you weren't yet a known writer. As you wrote the follow-up, were you keenly aware that every sentence you typed was likely going to be read by millions of people? It's the same thing when I create my videos for social media or write my books. I forget that other people are going to read or see it. I write my books for me. The first book I ever wrote was literally for myself. I was not trying to get published. It was to work through the grief of losing my mother. What were you doing before you became a writer? I was a global senior social media manager, so I actually wrote my first four or five books while working full-time. The job was basically 8 to 5, so I wrote during nights and weekends. I would do these big writing sessions where I worked from 10 a.m. to 9 p.m. I continue to do that even though I've been a full-time author since March of 2021. I feel like if I'm binge-writing it, that makes it bingeable for a reader. Can you tell us a bit about how you map your thrillers out? Or do you make it up as you go along? I will not start writing a book until I can summarize it in a sentence or two, so it has that very commercial hook. I enjoy writing the back marketing copy, so that's the second piece I write before I start the story. Then I do my character sketches and my setting sketches, so I feel like I really know them. That's all my research. I do a little bit of an outline, but never for the entire book, because I want the story to be able to change and the characters to breathe and not to be stuck with this outline. So sometimes I surprise myself. I usually know the big twists, but other small twists and reveals are usually surprises that I did not intend to write. They came out during a writing sprint. Related: Writing a Book? Here's How to Find Your Audience and Become a Bestselling Author Success doesn't often come easily — any advice you can share about dealing with rejection? Well, not to brag, but I've had over 400 rejections in my career. But from the very beginning, I knew not to take it personally. I knew this was a creative career, and rejection was inevitable. So I treated every "no" as a "not right now" or a "noble attempt." Now that I've had agents and editors who rejected me back then want to work with me now, I never treat it as, "Oh no, I'm going to be spiteful." I think everything happens for a reason. If it happened a different way, I wouldn't have the career I have right now. Maybe even the books I've written would be different, or I wouldn't have as many under my belt if I didn't have to work so hard and long to make all this happen. Can you talk about the marketing breakthrough you had for The Perfect Marriage with TikTok? I had a very small publisher, and there was no marketing budget. I know that I was going to be the one who had to market it. So I got on Instagram and Facebook. Then I saw TikTok, and at the time, it was considered an app for teens dancing. But I scrolled around and I realized, no, there are other things on here. People are clamoring for community. They want to share their likes and dislikes. So I started marketing my book on there, and one of my first videos got five million views and ended up shooting The Perfect Marriage up to No. 3 on Amazon. So I started growing a readership from that. But I knew that I did not want to just keep marketing my books. I wanted to be able to actually connect with my readers, share parts of my life — my husband, my dogs, behind the scenes, my humor and my personality. I made sure that it wasn't just transactional. It was more about creating a community between me and my readers. Related: The Pep Talk From Mickey Mouse We All Need to Hear, Compliments of Chris Diamantopoulos What was the video about? It created a BookTok trend. I pretended that I was the protagonist in my book, and told everyone that my husband was accused of murder and that his mistress was the victim. Then I held up my book and said, "Actually, this is the plot of my new book." It just hooked people. It doesn't really work anymore because other authors have done it. Publishers even did it. Readers did it about their favorite books. So it got very saturated. Now I try to be as natural as possible when I'm on camera. Important question: Does listening to the audiobook count as reading? Yes. Listen to the entire conversation here and be sure to subscribe to How Success Happens: Apple | Spotify | YouTube
Bloomberg
16 hours ago
- Business
- Bloomberg
Texas Wants Its Own Film Industry, and Some Creative Control
Taylor Sheridan calls his 2016 thriller Hell or High Water a love poem to Texas, but to film it, he had to go to New Mexico. The movie tracks brothers-turned-bank-robbers through West Texas oil country as they try to save the family ranch and stay a step ahead of the law. But every horse, cow and oil rig shown in the film was shot east of Albuquerque, thanks to state financial incentives for the production.
New York Times
19 hours ago
- Entertainment
- New York Times
24 Books Coming in June
The First Gentleman For their third thriller together, Clinton and Patterson dream up a political nightmare: The president's husband is on trial for murder as she is up for re-election. Two journalists dig into the first gentleman's past, which includes an N.F.L. stint. 'We're admittedly pretty tough on our fictional presidents,' Clinton has said of himself and his writing partner — putting it mildly. Flashlight One night, a man and his 10-year-old daughter take a walk on a beach; the next day, the girl is found nearly dead, and her father has disappeared. Choi's latest novel tells the sweeping story of this fractured family: Serk, the father, an ethnic Korean man born in Japan who emigrates to the United States in the 1960s; his former wife, Anne, an American dealing with the fallout of mistakes in her youth; and their daughter, Louisa, whose childhood is defined by crisis and pain. Atmosphere The best-selling author of 'Daisy Jones and the Six' and 'The Seven Husbands of Evelyn Hugo' turns to the skies for her latest novel. Joan is selected as one of the first women to join NASA's astronaut corps and quickly proves to be a formidable, even-keeled member of her cohort. The book opens in 1984 with a mission gone awry, and leapfrogs from there between the crisis and Joan's pre-NASA life, training and eventual love story with a colleague. The Listeners Stiefvater, a popular young adult fantasy author, makes her adult debut with this supernatural twist on a real but seldom discussed part of American history. Set during World War II, 'The Listeners' follows June, the manager of the luxurious Avallon Hotel in West Virginia, who is forced by the government to comfortably house captured Axis diplomats. It's an ethically fraught assignment on its own, but the presence of these contemptible guests also threatens the magical springs that run underneath the hotel. The Catch Daley-Ward, a poet and memoirist, turns to fiction with this psychological thriller about twin sisters, Clara and Dempsey, who were separated as children after their mother's death. Thirty years later, they are reunited — each spiraling in her own way. But when Clara sees a woman who seems to be their mother, but who hasn't aged a day since she vanished, it upends everything the sisters thought they knew. The Dry Season Reeling from the end of a 'ravaging vortex' of a relationship, Febos — a self-described serial monogamist who gave up alcohol and drugs at 23 — decides to give up sex and dating at 35, if only for three months. 'To my great surprise,' she writes, those months become 'the happiest of my life,' and turn into a year. This ode to female celibacy interweaves personal memoir with literary and historical research, incorporating the influence of Sappho, Virginia Woolf, Octavia E. Butler and others. Mother Emanuel When a white supremacist murdered nine congregants during a Bible study at Mother Emanuel church in Charleston, S.C., in 2015, he struck at the heart of an institution central not only to Black life in the city but also to the history of the South. Sack's sweeping account, a decade in the making, situates the massacre within a larger story about the rise of the African Methodist Episcopal Church during the 19th century, its role as a champion of Black resistance and civil rights, and the often brutal efforts by white authorities to restrict its members' freedom. Buckley William F. Buckley Jr. — American conservatism's most eloquent pundit, the founder of National Review magazine, host of 'Firing Line,' columnist, novelist and champion debater — left an outsize imprint on the political right before it was overtaken by MAGA. Tanenhaus's immersive authorized biography recounts a singular life rich with incident (and a few scandals), from Buckley's affluent Catholic childhood to his apotheosis as a political kingmaker who grasped better than almost anyone else how to adapt politics to the media age. What Is Queer Food? In this ambitious work of social history, Birdsall unspools the story of how queer culture has informed what we eat. From the restaurant world to the AIDS crisis, the recipes of Alice B. Toklas and the preferences of Truman Capote, Birdsall presents a soup-to-nuts-to-brunch-to-all-night-diner portrait of the inextricable link between queerness and food that's as much cultural criticism as delicious celebration. The Gunfighters In this chronicle of the way real-life cowboys and their high-noon duels captured American attention in the late 1800s, Burrough takes readers on a wild tour of the West, complete with roaming buffalo, lawless lawmen and gunfights galore. His focus is Texas, a crucible of violent mythmaking and transformative change, where Jesse James, Billy the Kid, Butch Cassidy, the Sundance Kid and more loped their way into legend. Charlottesville Shocked by the violence unleashed by the Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, Va. — her hometown — in 2017, Baker returned to the city to try to understand the factors that led to that weekend and, eventually, to the insurrection at the Capitol on Jan. 6, 2021. Encompassing activists, clergy, students and politicians, as well as neo-Nazis and white supremacists, her account draws on her knowledge of local and Southern history to create a deeply researched, and deeply felt, portrait of contemporary America. Bury Our Bones in the Midnight Soil Schwab, best known for books like 'The Invisible Life of Addie LaRue' and 'Vicious,' returns with a time-sweeping, character-juggling, lesbian vampire mystery. Jumping between 1532 Spain, 1827 London and 2019 Boston, the novel follows three women, all woefully constricted by societal conventions. Each is given the power to change her fate — transformations that come with new appetites and huge risks. Great Black Hope Less than a gram of cocaine in his pocket launches Smith, the protagonist of Franklin's debut novel, into an ordeal involving the criminal justice system, intense personal reflection and the many complexities of being a queer, Stanford-educated Black man facing both high expectations and low opinions from his own friends and family. So Far Gone The latest novel by the best-selling author of 'Beautiful Ruins' is a family caper set in rural northeastern Washington State, where a retired environmental journalist has lived for years in utter seclusion — no phone, no running water, only a single dirt road connecting him to the outside world. That is, until one spring day when his grandchildren, ages 9 and 13, arrive on his doorstep to tell him that their mother, his daughter, has gone missing. King of Ashes Cosby's latest thriller is a high-octane story of a family imploding. Roman Carruthers is a successful wealth manager in Atlanta who is suddenly called home to Virginia after a car crash leaves his father in a coma. Roman soon discovers that his father isn't the only one struggling: His brother is being hounded by gangsters to whom he owes a tremendous debt, his sister is worn down taking care of the family business, and, it turns out, the car crash that injured their father might not have been an accident after all. Murderland This work of speculative true crime by a Pulitzer Prize winner returns Fraser to the Pacific Northwest where she grew up, a region once known for both its toxic industry — including a mammoth copper smelter in Tacoma, Wa. — and its serial killers. Fraser provocatively connects the two, tracing suggestive links between the poisoned air, water and soil, and the violence perpetrated by men like Ted Bundy, Charles Manson and Gary Ridgway. The Sisters The three Mikkola girls have always been different; the daughters of an eccentric Tunisian mother and an absent Swedish father, they never quite seemed to fit with the people around them. As the sisters crisscross the world from Stockholm to Tunis to New York, their lives are recounted by their childhood friend Jonas, who is also Swedish Tunisian — and who closely resembles the author. Fox Oates's new novel — we've given up trying to count them — centers on Francis Fox, a predatory middle-school teacher who charms parents and colleagues but grooms and abuses his female students. When Francis disappears and human remains are found near his car, a detective must piece together the story of his sordid past. Bug Hollow It's the mid-1970s in the California suburbs when the teenage baseball star Ellis Samuelson goes missing, and then dies in a freak accident only weeks after he's returned. Huneven's sprawling family epic follows the ripple effects of this event across generations of the Samuelson clan — from Ellis's alcoholic mother and adulterous but well-meaning father to his younger sisters, his pregnant girlfriend and their daughter. Sounds Like Love In Poston's latest paranormal romance, Joni, a songwriter whose inspiration has run dry, returns to her North Carolina hometown hoping to get her musical groove back. As she navigates strained friendships and family drama, she starts hearing a faint melody in her head, along with a man's voice — which turns out to belong to Sasha, a musician who is just as flummoxed by their psychic connection as she is. Hoping it will cut off their access to each other's most intimate thoughts, the pair agree to work together to turn the melody into a song. The Möbius Book Start from the front cover of Lacey's latest and you're reading a novella about two women chatting about a third friend over drinks — while a puddle of blood pools nearby. Flip it over and you're reading a memoir in which Lacey takes stock of a relationship gone south. Is there a connection? Leave it to the gnarly author of 'Biography of X' to put you to work. Claire McCardell The designer Claire McCardell is often credited as the inventor of American sportswear — practical separates, flats, wrap dresses, pocketed skirts and zippers women could do up themselves. In the hands of Dickinson, this is more than just the biography of a fashion revolutionary: It is a story of the fight for women's identity and, incidentally, the birth of an American industry. The Compound In a house in the middle of a desert, 19 men and women — all young, single and attractive — flirt and compete for 'rewards' that range from the necessary (wood to build a front door, sunscreen, food) to the luxurious (makeup, clothing, diamond earrings). They are contestants on a reality show whose ominously enforced rules prohibit sharing any detail of their personal lives — and dictate that anyone who sleeps alone, e.g. without a member of the opposite sex, will be expelled. Rawle's eerie debut is an 'Animal Farm' for our age of relentless materialism. 'Make It Ours' When Virgil Abloh was named head of men's wear for Louis Vuitton in 2018, he became the first Black designer to serve as artistic director in the brand's history. In 'Make It Ours' — a biography both of the designer's short, impactful life and of the changing face of luxury — Givhan shows how Abloh's unusual path reflected not just a sea change for one house, but an industry figuring out its place in the modern world.
