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AI侵權大戰開打:迪士尼聯合環球提告Midjourney、Getty控告Stability AI侵權

AI侵權大戰開打:迪士尼聯合環球提告Midjourney、Getty控告Stability AI侵權

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好萊塢巨擘迪士尼與環球影業聯手控告AI圖像生成平台Midjourney侵權,稱其濫用版權圖像生成著名角色圖像。 此外,知名圖庫蓋帝(Getty)圖像控告Stability AI侵權訴訟本週於倫敦開庭,美國聯邦法官亦批准《紐約時報》和其他新聞媒體可以繼續對OpenAI和微軟提起版權訴訟。 以上幾起媒體公司和科技公司的訴訟,可能影響未來影視媒體產業與AI生成平台的合作關係,甚至影響相關法律立法。
好萊塢影視巨頭與人工智慧生成平台的版權大戰正式開打,迪士尼(Disney)和康卡斯特(Comcast)旗下的環球影業(Universal)於美國時間週三(11日)聯合對知名人工智慧生成圖像平台Midjourney提起版權侵權訴訟。
這是好萊塢大型製片公司,首次對生成式AI技術製造商採取法律行動,訴訟文件中直指Midjourney是「抄襲的無底洞」。
與此同時,蓋帝圖像(Getty Images)與Stability AI的版權訴訟案也於6月9日在倫敦高等法院開庭審理,成為生成式AI產業的首場重大版權審判。
NBC環球集團執行副總裁兼總法律顧問Kim Harris表示,公司提起訴訟是為了「保護所有藝術家的辛勤勞動成果,他們的作品為我們帶來了娛樂和啟發,也保護了我們在內容上投入的大量資金」。 影視製作公司首次對AI生成圖像平台提告
《美聯社》報導,迪士尼和環球影業6月11日在洛杉磯聯邦法院提起的聯合版權訴訟中,指控總部位於加州舊金山的AI生成圖像平台Midjourney,盜取兩家好萊塢製片廠的圖庫,生成並分發其著名角色的「無數未經授權的副本」。
其中包括《星際大戰》系列的「黑武士」達斯維達(Darth Vader)、《冰雪奇緣》的艾莎(Elsa),以及《神偷奶爸》的小小兵等角色。
訴狀中寫道:
Midjourney是典型的版權搭便車者和抄襲的無底洞。盜版就是盜版,無論侵權圖像或影片是用AI還是其他技術製作的,都不會因此減少其侵權性質。
迪士尼執行副總裁兼首席法務官古鐵雷斯(Horacio Gutierrez)在聲明中表示:「我們對AI技術的前景持樂觀態度,並對其如何作為促進人類創造力的工具負責任地使用充滿信心,但盜版就是盜版,儘管這是一間人工智慧公司所做的,並不代表著它就不是侵權。」
Midjourney是一家成立於2021年的AI圖像生成公司,由大衛‧霍爾茲(David Holz)創立,總部位於舊金山。
《路透社》指出,霍爾茲在2022年接受《富比士》採訪時表示,他只是透過「大規模網路搜刮」(a big scrape of the Internet)建立了公司的資料庫。
他在訪問中也提到,「目前還沒有辦法取得一億張圖片並知道它們的來源。如果圖片中嵌入了關於版權所有者之類的元資料就好了。但這根本不可能實現……目前還沒有註冊系統。」
Midjourney允許數百萬註冊用戶透過文字提示生成圖像,其服務在2022年7月發布後引發了AI藝術品即時創作的熱潮,並透過付費訂閱服務營利,在去年產生3億美元的營收。 蓋帝圖像和Stability AI,首例AI版權侵佔訴訟
另一方面,知名圖像供應媒體蓋帝圖像圖像與Stability AI的版權訴訟案於週一(9日)在倫敦高等法院開庭審理,這是生成式A面臨的首場重大版權審判。
綜合《路透社》和《衛報》報導,總部位於西雅圖的蓋帝圖像指控Stability AI使用其圖像來「訓練」其Stable Diffusion系統,該系統可以從文字輸入生成圖像。
蓋帝圖像指控Stable Diffusion的開發涉及對其圖庫的「大規模厚顏無恥的侵權」,表示Stability AI未經允許,非法抓取蓋帝圖片庫來訓練Stable Diffusion系統,並指出其生成圖像中,甚至出現蓋帝(Getty)的浮水印,嚴重侵犯智慧財產權。
蓋帝圖像對Stability AI的訴訟案也被視為生成式AI產業的首場重大版權審判。《美聯社》報導,審判可能持續三週,法官將在審判後作出書面判決。
蓋帝圖像執行長彼得斯(Craig Peters)2023年曾向美聯社表示,「Stability所做的是不當的。」他指出,智慧財產權的創作者在其作品被導入AI系統之前應該被徵求許可,而不是必須參與「選擇退出制度(opt-out regime)」。
蓋帝圖像的法務團隊在法庭上表示,這個案件不是創意產業和科技產業之間的對戰,兩者仍可以「協同合作」,因為授權創意作品對AI的成功至關重要。
蓋帝圖像的審判律師蓮恩(Lindsay Lane)表示,「問題在於,Stability AI等人工智慧公司想要不付費的使用這些作品。」
Stability AI是一家總部位於倫敦的AI公司,擁有廣泛使用的AI圖像製作工具Stable Diffusion,公司董事包括創作電影《阿凡達》和《泰坦尼克號》的著名電影導演詹姆斯·卡麥隆(James Cameron)。該公司已籌集數億美元的資金,並在2025年3月宣佈獲得全球最大廣告公司WPP的投資。 過往AI剽竊版權爭議
《美聯社》指出,AI公司長期以來一直辯稱,美國和英國的「合理使用」(fair use)或「公平交易」(fair dealing)法律原則允許它們利用大量文字或圖像訓練其AI系統,然而,這一論點面臨越來越多的挑戰。
2024年加州聯邦法官裁定,10名藝術家對Midjourney、Stability AI和其他公司提起的版權侵權訴訟中,這些AI公司複製和儲存他們的作品在公司伺服器上,並可能因未經許可使用而承擔責任的論點是合理的。
美國《時代》雜誌則在在Midjourney面臨的集體訴訟中,包括藝術家麥克南(Kelly McKernan)在內的原告發現,用戶將該藝術家的姓名作為關鍵字輸入Midjourney,產生了極其相似的藝術作品。
麥克南在2023年告訴《時代》雜誌:「這些公司正在從我們的無償勞動中瘋狂獲利。」 有望引領AI生成平台和媒體公司簽署授權協議
儘管存在法律爭議,一些媒體公司和AI公司已經開始探索合作模式。許多大型科技公司越來越希望達成授權協議,為其AI系統所需的內容付費。
《時代》雜誌分析,如果迪士尼和環球影業所聯合提起的訴訟案獲勝,許多AI公司可能必須使用授權內容從頭重新訓練其視覺模型。AI影片新創公司Moonvalley執行長塔魯克達(Naeem Talukdar)表示,如果判決結果明確,好萊塢實際上可能會加速使用基於授權內容所建構的AI模型趨勢。
AI公司也正在透過政府政策尋求另一條道路,以保持其按照自己意願訓練模型的能力。今年1月,OpenAI向白宮發送備忘錄,表示應該「保留」(preserved)其使用版權材料上進行訓練的權限。
在英國,政府宣佈計劃讓AI公司能夠使用任何版權作品,除非權利持有者「明確選擇退出」,這引發了包括披頭四成員保羅‧麥卡尼(Paul McCartney)和流行歌手杜娃黎波(Dua Lipa)等明星的強烈反對。英國上議院亦於6月2日第四次否決了該項立法。
此外,美國也有類似的版權爭議正在進行中。《美聯社》報導,聯邦法官批准《紐約時報》和其他新聞媒體可以繼續對OpenAI和微軟(Microsoft)提起版權訴訟,要求終止使用他們的新聞報導來訓練人工智慧聊天機器人的做法。
《紐約時報》指控OpenAI及其商業夥伴微軟透過有效竊取其記者價值數十億美元的作品,威脅了其生計,在某些情況下甚至向生成式AI用戶逐字輸出《紐約時報》的材料。 新聞來源 延伸閱讀
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