ET Graphics: India's fertility rate falls to 1.9, now below the replacement rate of 2.1
ET Bureau
ET Bureau
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While India continues to be the most populous country, with an estimated 1.46 billion people in 2025, the country's total fertility rate (TRF) has fallen to 1.9, below the replacement level of 2.1, according to a report by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) released on Tuesday. As per the 2021 Sample Registration System (SRS) report, the country's TFR is 2.0 children per woman, meaning that, on average, a woman would be expected to have two children during her childbearing years (typically ages 15- 49). This fi gure was 2.3 in 2014.Fertility rate below the replacement level means that women are having fewer children than needed to maintain the population size from one generation to the next, without migration. The UN report placed India in a group of middle-income countries undergoing rapid demographic change , with population doubling time now estimated at 79 years. Here's a look:
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