National Statistics Day 2025: Who Is The Father Of Statistics In India?
National Statistics Day 2025: Celebrated on June 29, this day honour Professor Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis, the father of Indian statistics.
National Statistics Day 2025: The National Statistics Day will be celebrated across India on Sunday, June 29, to honour the legacy of Professor Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis. Widely regarded as the father of Indian statistics, Mahalanobis is remembered for laying the foundation of the modern statistical system in the country. His pioneering work includes the establishment of the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) and the National Sample Survey (NSS).
National Statistics Day 2025: History & Significance
The National Statistics Day was first celebrated in India in 2007. It marks the birth anniversary of the father of Indian statistics, PS Mahalanobis, who was born on June 29, 1893, in Calcutta (now Kolkata). He played a central role in India's second five-year plan, focusing on prudent industrialisation through a statistics model. Mahalanobis laid the foundation for the Indian Statistical Institute in 1931, with the institution later becoming a global hub for statistical research.
The day fondly recalls Mahalanobis' monumental achievements in the field of statistics and raises awareness about its role in different fields such as policy making, economic welfare, planning and everyday life. Seminars and workshops are conducted by students and teachers in various educational institutions apart from data literacy campaigns.
National Statistics Day 2025: Theme
The theme for this year is '75 Years of National Sample Survey,'. It underscores the critical role of the National Sample Survey (NSS) in providing reliable and timely statistical data that supports evidence-based decision-making and governance in India.
The theme will highlight the role of statistics in influencing a more equitable, resilient and environmentally conscious future. The message is to emphasize that data can act as a catalyst to drive sustainable and inclusive policies for important issues like climate change, education, poverty reduction and medical and social welfare.
Moving to a statistics-driven governance model will give the government and various institutions reliable data in the formulation of programs and policies, which would then address regional disparity and help empower different communities while taking the country to a digital and economic transformation.
National Statistics Day 2025: Quotes
'Statistics are the triumph of the quantitative method, and the quantitative method is the victory of sterility and death." – Hilaire Belloc
'Without data, you're just another person with an opinion." – W. Edwards Deming
'The best thing about being a statistician is that you get to play in everyone's backyard." – John Tukey
'Statistical thinking will one day be as necessary for efficient citizenship as the ability to read and write." – H.G. Wells
'Facts are stubborn things, but statistics are pliable." – Mark Twain
'If your experiment needs a statistician, you need a better experiment." – Ernest Rutherford
'All the statistics in the world can't measure the warmth of a smile." – Chris Hart.
About the Author
Bhaswati Sengupta
First Published:
June 29, 2025, 07:10 IST
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The first National Statistics Day celebration took place in 2007 and has since become an annual event that highlights the crucial role of statistics in national development. 2. The day aims to raise public awareness, particularly among the youth, about the importance of statistics in strategic planning, economic development, and policy-making. 3. This year, on the occasion, a number of significant statistical publications will also be released, such as Nutritional Intake in India 2022-23 & 2023-24 and the Sustainable Development Goals – National Indicator Framework Progress Report 2025. 4. Additionally, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) will introduce the GoIStat smartphone application, which was created to make official data easier to obtain. 5. An Indian scientist and statistician, Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis, has made significant contributions to the field of statistics and economic planning in India. He is renowned for the Mahalanobis distance, a statistical measure. 6. Mahalanobis was born on June 29, 1893, in Calcutta (now Kolkata) in British India. He received his early schooling at the Brahmo Boys School, from where he graduated in 1908. 7. He played a pivotal role in the establishment of the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) in 1931 and and lay the foundations of the Indian statistical system through the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) and the Central Statistical Organisation (CSO). He made pioneering studies in anthropometry in India. 8. Mahalanobis was instrumental in designing the way we conduct surveys today. He introduced the concept of pilot surveys and advocated the importance of sampling methods. He also introduced a method for estimation of crop yields using statistical sampling. 9. During the latter part of his life, Mahalabonis was a part of the Planning Commission of India which was responsible for independent India's five-year plans, in which he emphasized on the importance of industrialization and also corrected previous census methodology errors. 10. Mahalabonis was deeply interested in cultural pursuits and was awarded one of the highest civilian awards, the Padma Vibhushan from the Government of India for his contribution to science. Mahalabonis died on June 28, 1972. 11. Mahalabonis Distance (MD) is a multi-dimensional generalisation of the idea of measuring how many standard deviations away is point P from the mean of D. Apart from MD, which measures distance relative to the centroid – a base or central point which can be thought of as an overall mean for multivariate data. 1. The National Sample Survey Organisation has been conducting large scale sample surveys in diverse fields on All India basis since 1950. These surveys are conducted in the form of rounds extending normally over a period of one year though in certain cases the survey period was six months. 2. Primarily data are collected through nation-wide household surveys on various socio-economic subjects, Annual Survey of Industries (ASI), etc. Besides these surveys, NSS collects data on rural and urban prices and plays a significant role in the improvement of crop statistics through supervision of the area enumeration and crop estimation surveys of the State agencies. It also maintains a frame of urban area units for use in sample surveys in urban areas. 1. The MoSPI came into existence as an Independent Ministry on 15.10.1999 after the merger of the Department of Statistics and the Department of Programme Implementation. 2. The Ministry has two wings, namely, Statistics and Programme Implementation. The Statistics Wing called the National Statistical Office (NSO) consists of: 📌Central Statistics Office (CSO) 📌National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) 3. The Programme Implementation (PI) Wing has three Divisions, namely, 📌Central Twenty Point Programme (TPP) 📌Infrastructure and Project Monitoring (IPM) 📌Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme (MPLADS) 4. Besides, there is National Statistical Commission (NSC) created through a Resolution of Government of India (MOSPI) and one autonomous Institute, viz., Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) declared as an institute of national importance by an Act of Parliament. Consider the following statements with reference to the contributions of Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis: 1. He introduced the concept of pilot surveys. 2. He was the first Chairperson of the Planning Commission of India. 3. He introduced a method for estimation of crop yields using statistical sampling. 4. He played a pivotal role in the establishment of the Indian Statistical Institute in 1931. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1, 3 and 4 only (c) 2, 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (Sources: Who was Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis or 'PCM'?, Subscribe to our UPSC newsletter. Stay updated with the latest UPSC articles by joining our Telegram channel – Indian Express UPSC Hub, and follow us on Instagram and X. 🚨 Click Here to read the UPSC Essentials magazine for June 2025. Share your views and suggestions in the comment box or at
