logo
‘Rare and threatened': the bid to save Grampian flowers after fire disasters

‘Rare and threatened': the bid to save Grampian flowers after fire disasters

The Guardian26-01-2025

The Grampians globe-pea, a critically endangered wiry shrub, had finished flowering and was fruiting when fires tore through its home in the Grampians national park, in western Victoria. The spiny plant with vibrant orange and yellow flowers is extremely rare and restricted to a handful of sites, including areas within the 76,000 hectares that burned over December and January.
Finding the globe-pea will be a priority when a plant rescue mission led by Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria heads to the Grampians to search for survivors and signs of life amid the charred landscape.
'We do not yet know the extent of the damage,' says the RBGV director and chief executive, Chris Russell, adding that the work of creating backup populations of species before they are 'lost forever' is urgent and ongoing, as climate change causes 'disruption to the whole system'.
Along with the state's environment department and local community groups, the RBGV is increasing its conservation efforts in the Grampians, known as Gariwerd to Indigenous peoples, after recent bushfires.
When conditions improve, a team of botanists and horticulturalists will assess the damage and collect seeds and cuttings from threatened species to store in the Victorian Conservation Seedbank, a repository of seeds and spores from native plants, and the RBGV's living collections.
The national park is a biodiversity hotspot, with its ancient sandstone cliffs, craggy slopes and surrounding plains, heathy woodlands and forests providing habitat for roughly a third of the state's flora, including 49 unique plant species not found anywhere else in the world, according to Parks Victoria.
'It's such a diverse geological and environmental space,' Russell says. 'There's a really high proportion of plants that only exist there, that are endemic to the Grampians. A whole range of those are rare and threatened.'
What happens next is critical.
Even fire-adapted species could be lost if they 'get smashed again' by fires next year, or a couple of years later, he says, without enough time to regrow, set seed, reproduce and come to maturity.
Dr Ella Plumanns Pouton, who researches the influence of fire on biodiversity, including in the Grampians, says fire can be a driver and a threat to plant diversity.
At a community level, fire shapes vegetation structure, she says, allowing light to come in, and creates niches and opportunities for new species to germinate.
Plumanns Pouton, who is not involved in the RBGV work, says many plants in the Grampians region have evolved strategies for dealing with fire. After a burn, some resprout from their trunk or from woody lignotubers lying underground, while others have dormant seeds that open and germinate under heat or smoke.
But for many species, the type and frequency of fire is a 'Goldilocks' scenario, she says.
A string of major blazes – in 2006, 2013, 2014 and 2024 – have burned 90% of the Grampians landscape, Plumanns Pouton says. 'The issue with having so many fires in such a short time frame is that plants need enough time to be able to accumulate seed again.'
More intense, frequent fires along with other threats like habitat loss, herbivores and disease, will require new solutions, she says, including creative ways to protect plant populations and reduce fire risk, as well as establishing insurance populations.
Prof Angela Moles, a plant ecologist who leads the Big Ecology Lab at the University of New South Wales, says plants and their environments were undergoing rapid and often unpredictable changes in response to climate change.
'The federal government in Australia has committed to no new extinctions,' she says. 'But we have hundreds, maybe thousands of different plant species that exist in just a few square kilometres, and if two fires come through too quickly, they're done.'
'We just don't know how it's going to play out. So putting some seeds literally in the seedbank is a really important thing.'
Forest and fire scientist Dr Tom Fairman from the University of Melbourne says climate change is prompting more difficult conversations about the best ways to conserve and protect biodiversity, and seedbanks were no longer a futuristic idea but a business-as-usual proposition.
Even relatively common, fire-adapted species can struggle to survive when intervals between fires are too short. 'They're not going to be able to handle absolutely everything you throw at them,' Fairman says.
According to RBGV, the greatest increase in banked threatened species in a decade came in the wake of the 2019-20 black summer fires. After those megafires, RBGV staff – supported by government funding – collected 105 threatened species from the fire scar: 72 in the form of seeds, with the remainder as cuttings for orcharding in living collections.
Russell says the team will be working against time in the fire-damaged landscape of the Grampians to find and carefully collect plant material and then swiftly deliver it to RBGV labs, seedbank and nurseries.
'We're talking about plants where there's just so little genetic material left on the planet that it's an absolute treasure – what you're handling is gold,' he says.
The Grampians globe-pea is one of five priority species, along with the Mt Cassell grevillea, a small low-lying shrub with holly-like leaves and striking red flowers considered critically endangered in Victoria, the vulnerable Grampians rice-flower and yellow-flowering Grampians bitter-pea.
The endangered Pomonal leek orchid, is also a priority, given the recent fires destroyed one of only two known sites for the endangered species.
Russell says it can be physically demanding and sometimes hazardous work, requiring a huge investment of time and expertise.
'The team love doing it because they're all so passionate and driven by their love of plants and wanting to play an active role in reducing the number of these beautiful, endemic plants from going extinct.'

Orange background

Try Our AI Features

Explore what Daily8 AI can do for you:

Comments

No comments yet...

Related Articles

Mystery of towering ‘pyramid-shaped' mountain El Cono in heart of Amazon that locals believe was ‘built for the Gods'
Mystery of towering ‘pyramid-shaped' mountain El Cono in heart of Amazon that locals believe was ‘built for the Gods'

The Sun

time06-05-2025

  • The Sun

Mystery of towering ‘pyramid-shaped' mountain El Cono in heart of Amazon that locals believe was ‘built for the Gods'

A TOWERING mountain that rises suddenly from the flat Amazon rainforest is cloaked in mystery. Cerro el Cono, the steep pyramid-shaped rock, stands tall and alone - leading locals to believe it was "built for the Gods". 3 3 3 The 1,310ft-tall peak shoots up from Sierra del Divisor National Park in eastern Peru, near the border with Brazil. Its shape is striking similar to the pyramids of Giza - with broad, flat sides that have been covered in vegetation over centuries. Both the clean-cut shape and the random position amid a flat plain have led to various theories about the origin of El Cono. Indigenous tribes worship the structure as a sacred mountain spirit known as "Andean Apu", which they say rose from the ground to protect the surrounding people. The belief dates from a time before the Inca Empire - between 500 and 1000 AD. But another theory predates even that ancient myth. A local legend tells that El Cono sits atop the ruins of an ancient pyramid built by a forgotten Amazon civilisation. Research into local folklore has found that some of the indigenous tribes believe the mountain is man-made, just like the Giza pyramids. If this were proven true, then El Cono would be the tallest ancient structure on Earth - towering over Giza by 481ft. Scientists have less interesting theories about how the mountain came to be - including that it is an extinct volcano or simply an unusual rock formation. PEAK OF RIDDLES Mystery of Pyramid Mountain…the eerily perfect frozen structure 2,000 miles from anywhere at centre of alien conspiracy Cerro El Cono stands adjacent to the Ucayali River - which is a major feeder to the Amazon River. The surrounding jungle is bursting with life and an incredible variety of species - including the elusive giant armadillo and different kinds of monkey. In light of the new research, El Cono could join the growing list of ancient structures that are the subject of imaginative speculation. There is another mountain which has aroused speculation over its perfect pyramid shape. It lies in a very different climate, in a far corner of Antarctica. The snowy structure of the ice-locked continent has a striking resemblance to the great pyramids of Egypt - and has been the centre of eerie conspiracy theories. It was first discovered by the British Antarctic Expedition of 1910-1913, but only became famous in 2016 when its eerie pictures went viral on the internet. People from all around the world put forward their bizarre explanations to justify the shape of Antarctica's pyramid mountain. With a height of 4,150 feet, all four sides of the mountain are steep and appear to be in perfect symmetry. The peak is part of the Ellsworth Mountains - the highest mountain range in Antarctica.

'Sacred' pyramid built by forgotten civilization in Amazon rainforest may be world's tallest ancient structure
'Sacred' pyramid built by forgotten civilization in Amazon rainforest may be world's tallest ancient structure

Daily Mail​

time06-05-2025

  • Daily Mail​

'Sacred' pyramid built by forgotten civilization in Amazon rainforest may be world's tallest ancient structure

A strange peak in the middle of the Amazon rainforest may actually be the largest pyramid ever built in the ancient world. Known as Cerro El Cono, this massive, pyramid-shaped formation is cloaked in mystery due to both its striking structure and the extreme difficulty of reaching it. The 1,310-foot-tall, pyramid-shaped hill sits in Peru's Sierra del Divisor National Park, near the Ucayali River in the Amazon. Unlike other mountains, however, this extremely steep peak has a set of distinct flat surfaces - like the Great Pyramid of Giza - which have been covered by vegetation over the centuries. Moreover, this one great peak sticks out from the completely flat rainforest around it, adding to the speculation that Cerro El Cono may not be a natural formation. While scientists believe the giant hill is just a geological oddity, possibly a volcano or natural rock formation, local Indigenous tribes revere Cerro El Cono as a sacred mountain spirit which protects their communities, calling it 'Andean Apu.' This ancient tradition of worshipping mountain spirits dates back to a time before the Inca Empire, between 500 and 1000 CE, but another theory surrounding Cerro El Cono predates even these ancient myths. Although the few studies of this area have yet to find evidence to prove it, local legends claim that Cerro El Cono sits on the ruins of an ancient pyramid built by a long forgotten civilization that lived in the Amazon. According to Peruvian news outlet La República, fringe researchers have picked up on the local folklore of the Indigenous tribes, believing that Cerro El Cono ('Cone Hill' in English) is a man-made structure just like the Great Pyramid at Giza. If this were proven true, it would make Cerro El Cono (1,310 feet) the tallest ancient structure in history, soaring past Giza's 481 feet. In fact, this incredibly steep structure would stand more than three times taller than any other ancient pyramid or temple that has been discovered. Cerro El Cono may one day join the growing list of mysterious ancient structures, some of which predate the Egyptian pyramids. One of these ancient structures is Gunung Padang, first re-discovered by Dutch explorers in 1890, and said to be the world's oldest pyramid. Studies show that the 98-foot-deep 'megalith' submerged within a hill of lava rock dates back more than 16,000 years. In 2023, scientists said the structure promises to upend the conventional wisdom on just how 'primitive' hunter-gather societies actually were - revealing the true 'engineering capabilities of ancient civilizations.' Another alleged pyramid called the Yonaguni monument sits just 82 feet below sea level near the Ryukyu Islands of Japan. This mysterious object also continues to astonish researchers since its discovery in 1986, with new studies revealing that the rocks are roughly 12,000 years-old. However, neither of these ancient monuments would match the height of Cerro El Cono if it is actually man-made, with Gunung Padang being just 312 feet tall and the Yonaguni monument measuring only 90 feet in height. Despite the local legends and mysterious shape of the massive Amazonian peak, scientists maintain that the likeliest answer is that Cerro El Cono may be an extinct volcano that rose up suddenly in the rainforest. Specifically, it could be a strangely-shaped volcanic cone, volcanic plug, or igneous intrusion which formed millions of years ago. A volcanic cone is a hill or mountain formed by the accumulation of volcanic materials, such as lava, ash, and debris, ejected from a volcano's vent during eruptions. A volcanic plug (also called a volcanic neck) is a solid, cylindrical mass of hardened magma that forms inside a volcano's vent or conduit. After the volcano becomes inactive, surrounding softer volcanic materials like ash erode away, leaving the more resistant plug standing as a distinct hill or peak. An igneous intrusion is a body of molten magma that pushes into or between existing rock layers beneath the Earth's surface but cools and solidifies before reaching the surface. When exposed by erosion, intrusions can form hills, ridges, or peaks, depending on their shape and size. Regardless of how Cerro El Cono came into existence, it is a completely unique formation in the Amazon. In fact, Cerro El Cono rises so steeply out of the flat rainforest that the peak can be seen clearly from over 250 miles away.

Europe launches drive for scientists in swipe at Trump's funding freeze
Europe launches drive for scientists in swipe at Trump's funding freeze

The Independent

time05-05-2025

  • The Independent

Europe launches drive for scientists in swipe at Trump's funding freeze

The European Union launched a drive on Monday to attract scientists and researchers to Europe with offers of grants and new policy plans, after the Trump administration froze U.S. government funding linked to diversity, equity and inclusion initiatives. 'A few years ago, no one would have imagined that one of the biggest democracies in the world would cancel research programs under the pretext that the word diversity was in this program," French President Emmanuel Macron said at the 'Choose Europe for Science' event in Paris. 'No one would have thought that one of the biggest democracies in the world would delete with a stroke the ability of one researcher or another to obtain visas,' Macron said. 'But here we are." Taking the same stage at the Sorbonne University, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said that the EU's executive branch would set up a 'super grant' program aimed at offering 'a longer-term perspective to the very best' in the field. She said that 500 million euros ($566 million) will be put forward in 2025-2027 'to make Europe a magnet for researchers.' It would be injected into the European Research Council, which already has a budget of more than 16 billion euros ($18 billion) for 2021-2027. Von der Leyen said that the 27-nation EU intends 'to enshrine freedom of scientific research into law' with a new legal act. As 'the threats rise across the world, Europe will not compromise on its principles,' she said. Macron said that the French government would also soon make new proposals to beef up investment in science and research. Last month, hundreds of university researchers in the United States had National Science Foundation funding canceled to comply with U.S. President Donald Trump 's order to end support to research on diversity, equity and inclusion, as well as the study of misinformation. More than 380 grant projects have been cut so far, including work to combat internet censorship in China and Iran and a project consulting with Indigenous communities to understand environmental changes in Alaska's Arctic region. Some terminated grants that sought to broaden the diversity of people studying science, technology and engineering. Scientists, researchers and doctors have taken to the streets in protest. While not mentioning the Trump administration by name, von der Leyen said that it was 'a gigantic miscalculation' to undermine free and open research. 'We can all agree that science has no passport, no gender, no ethnicity, no political party,' she said. 'We believe that diversity is an asset of humanity and the lifeblood of science. It is one of the most valuable global assets and it must be protected.' Von der Leyen's drive to promote opportunities in Europe in the field of science and take advantage of U.S. policy shifts dovetails with the way that she has played up the potential for trade deals with other countries since Trump took office in January and sparked a tariff war last month. The former German defense minister, and trained doctor, vowed that the EU would also address some of the roadblocks that scientists and researchers face, notably excessive red tape and access to businesses. Macron said that science and research must not "be based on the diktats of the few.' Macron said that Europe 'must become a refuge' for scientists and researchers, and he said to those who feel under threat elsewhere: 'The message is simple. If you like freedom, come and help us to remain free, to do research here, to help us become better, to invest in our future.'

DOWNLOAD THE APP

Get Started Now: Download the App

Ready to dive into the world of global news and events? Download our app today from your preferred app store and start exploring.
app-storeplay-store