US unleashes 30,000-pound bunker-busters on Iran — but scientists say Tehran's concrete may have won the day
America's Biggest Bomb Makes Its Combat Debut in Iran
Damage Assessment Uncertain
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Decades-Old Arms Race: Concrete vs. Bombs
Bunker-Buster Technology
The Concrete Advantage
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While the United States launched Operation Midnight Hammer on Iran amid the ongoing war between Israel and Iran to attack its nuclear facilities, it is still not known if Iran's nuclear program is actually destroyed, as per a report.The US military used Massive Ordnance Penetrators (MOPs), massive 30,000-pound bombs, to strike key Iranian nuclear sites, including the Fordow fuel-enrichment plant, the Natanz nuclear facility, and the Isfahan nuclear technology center, according to a Popular Mechanics report.The Pentagon's operation marks the first-ever use of the MOP, which can only be carried by the B-2 stealth bomber, and it has been considered the only country capable of destroying Iran's underground nuclear facilities, but whether it actually accomplished that feat is still unclear, as per the report.ALSO READ: Putin goes full throttle on hypersonic missiles as Israel, US strike Iran sparking World War III panic While US president Donald Trump declared the operation "completely and totally obliterated" the sites, Iranian officials have dismissed his claims, according to the Popular Mechanics report. Even early US intelligence has revealed that the level of damage inflicted based on satellite imagery alone is not clear, and a CNN report mentioned that the strikes on Iran did not destroy the country's nuclear program and has instead only set it back by a matter of months, reported Popular Mechanics.According to the Popular Mechanics report, history suggests Iran's underground nuclear facilities could be partially or wholly intact, "because up until now, in the quiet arms race between concrete and bombs, the concrete has been winning."In the late 2000s, a bunker-buster bomb failed to penetrate an Iranian bunker due to Iran's advancements in Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC), which is the latest concrete advancement and could not be impacted with a standard bunker buster, as per the report.ALSO READ: Aurora Borealis forecast: Northern Lights to light up skies in US this week - to be visible in these states today Stephanie Barnett, Ph.D., of the University of Portsmouth in the US, who is involved in developing stronger concrete to protect civilian buildings from terrorist attacks, said that military personnel are not pleased with the advancement as she shared that, 'One officer told me, 'If you make this stronger blast- and impact-resistant material, we need to think about how to get through it,'' quoted the Popular Mechanics report.The US Air Force introduced its first modern bunker buster in 1985, these bombs have a thicker casing and fewer explosives than general-purpose bombs, concentrating weight on a smaller area to smash through concrete, according to the report.Eglin Steel, developed in the early 2000s, with low-carbon, low-nickel steel with traces of tungsten, chromium, manganese, silicon, and other elements, became the gold standard for bunker-busting munitions, as per the Popular Mechanics report. However, in recent years, Eglin Steel has been supplemented by a new USAF-96 steel, which offers similar performance but is easier to produce, as per the report.ALSO READ: Big news you missed: Israel blows up gate to Iran's notorious Evin Prison to free Khamenei's critics Phil Purnell, Ph.D., an expert in concrete technology at the University of Leeds, explained that concrete is brittle, with a weakness in its tensile capacity and toughness, according to the Popular Mechanics report. He said, "It is good at being squashed, not being stretched. The weakness is in its tensile capacity and toughness,' as quoted in the report.However, UHPC has changed this, withstanding 40,000 pounds per square inch (psi) or more, compared to the previous high-strength rating of 5,000 to 10,000 psi, as reported by the Popular Mechanics report.The addition of steel or other fibres turns concrete into a composite material, preventing cracks from spreading, as per the report. Barnett explained that, 'Instead of getting a few large cracks in a concrete panel, you get lots of smaller cracks,' adding, 'The fibers give it more fracture energy,' quoted the Popular Mechanics report. The report defined the meaning of fracture energy as the amount of energy needed to split a material open.In 1991, the US developed a 5,000-pound bomb in six weeks to penetrate Iraqi bunkers protected by reinforced concrete, as per the report. In 2012, the USAF studied the challenge posed by UHPC bunkers and developed its own version, Eglin high-strength concrete, for testing, according to the Popular Mechanics report. While the results are classified, a Chinese study showed that UHPC targets survived projectile impacts with only minor cracking, as per the report.The Air Force received the Massive Ordnance Penetrator (MOP) in 2011 and has upgraded it multiple times, according to the report. However, Gregory Vartanov, Ph.D., of Toronto-based Advanced Materials Development Corp, said that high-grade UHPC is too strong for bombs made with existing steels, according to the Popular Mechanics report.Vartanov wrote in a February 2021 piece in Aerospace & Defense Technology magazine that, "Penetrators with monolithic cases made from materials such as … Eglin Steel … cannot penetrate bunkers made from UHPC,' as quoted in the report.However, the US Air Force will not disclose its current bunker-busting capabilities or how they stack up against potential targets in Iran, China, or elsewhere, reported the Popular Mechanics report.Not reliably. Some experts believe UHPC may be too strong for existing steel-based bombs.The US dropped Massive Ordnance Penetrators (MOPs)—30,000-pound bunker-busting bombs, as per the report.
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Business Standard
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- Business Standard
Trump says US, Iranian officials will talk next week as ceasefire holds
Iran has not acknowledged any talks taking place next week, though US Mideast envoy Steve Witkoff has said there has been direct and indirect communication between the countries AP Dubai The fragile ceasefire between Israel and Iran appeared to be holding on Wednesday while US President Donald Trump asserted that US and Iranian officials will talk next week, giving rise to cautious hope for longer-term peace even as Tehran insisted it will not give up its nuclear programme. Trump, who helped negotiate the ceasefire that took hold Tuesday on the 12th day of the war, told reporters at a NATO summit that he wasn't particularly interested in restarting negotiations with Iran, insisting that US strikes had destroyed its nuclear programme. Earlier in the day, an Iranian official questioned whether the United States could be trusted after its weekend attack. We may sign an agreement, I don't know, Trump said. The way I look at it, they fought, the war is done." Iran has not acknowledged any talks taking place next week, though US Mideast envoy Steve Witkoff has said there has been direct and indirect communication between the countries. A sixth round of negotiations between the US and Iran had been scheduled for earlier this month in Oman but was cancelled when Israel attacked Iran. Earlier, Trump said the ceasefire was going very well, and added that Iran was not going to have a bomb and they're not going to enrich. Iran has insisted, however, that it will not give up its nuclear programme. In a vote underscoring the tough path ahead, its parliament agreed to fast-track a proposal that would effectively stop the country's cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency, the UN watchdog that has monitored the programme for years. Ahead of the vote, Parliament Speaker Mohammad Bagher Qalibaf criticised the IAEA for having refused to even pretend to condemn the attack on Iran's nuclear facilities that the US carried out on Sunday. For this reason, the Atomic Energy Organisation of Iran will suspend cooperation with the IAEA until security of nuclear facilities is ensured, and Iran's peaceful nuclear programme will move forward at a faster pace," Qalibaf told lawmakers. IAEA Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi said he had written to Iran to discuss resuming inspections of their nuclear facilities. Among other things, Iran claims to have moved its highly enriched uranium ahead of the US strikes, and Grossi said his inspectors need to re-assess the country's stockpiles. We need to return, he said. We need to engage. French President Emmanuel Macron, whose country was part of the 2015 deal with Iran that restricted its nuclear programme but began unravelling after Trump pulled the US out in his first term, said he hoped Tehran would come back to the table. Iran has long maintained that its nuclear programme was peaceful, and US intelligence agencies have assessed that Tehran is not actively pursuing a bomb. However, Israeli leaders have argued that Iran could quickly assemble a nuclear weapon. Israel is widely believed to be the only Middle Eastern country with nuclear weapons, which it has never acknowledged. Questions over effectiveness of the US strikes The Israel Atomic Energy Commission said its assessment was that the US and Israeli strikes have set back Iran's ability to develop nuclear weapons by many years. It did not give evidence to back up its claim. The US strikes hit three Iranian nuclear sites, which Trump said completely and fully obliterated the country's nuclear programme. When asked about a US intelligence report that found Iran's nuclear programme has been set back only a few months, Trump scoffed and said it would at least take years to rebuild. Iran's Foreign Ministry spokesman, Esmail Baghaei, confirmed that the strikes by US B-2 bombers using bunker-buster bombs had caused significant damage. Our nuclear installations have been badly damaged, that's for sure, he told Al Jazeera on Wednesday, while refusing to go into detail. He seemed to suggest Iran might not shut out IAEA inspectors for good, noting that the bill before parliament only talks of suspending work with the agency, not ending it. He also insisted Iran has the right to pursue a nuclear energy programme. Iran is determined to preserve that right under any circumstances, he said. Witkoff said on Fox News late on Tuesday that Israel and the US had achieved their objective of the total destruction of the enrichment capacity in Iran, and Iran's prerequisite for talks that Israel end its campaign had been fulfilled. The proof is in the pudding, he said. No one's shooting at each other. It's over. Grossi said he could not speculate on how bad the damage was but that Iran's nuclear capabilities were well known. The technical knowledge is there, and the industrial capacity is there, he said. That no one can deny, so we need to work together with them. Hopes for a long-term peace agreement An Israeli official, speaking on condition of anonymity to discuss internal deliberations, said the ceasefire agreement with Iran amounted to quiet for quiet, with no further understandings about Iran's nuclear programme going ahead. Witkoff told Fox News that Trump is now looking to land a comprehensive peace agreement that goes beyond even the ceasefire. We're already talking to each other, not just directly, but also through interlocutors, Witkoff said, adding that the conversations were promising and we're hopeful that we can have a long-term peace agreement. However, Baghaei, the Iranian spokesman, said Washington had torpedoed diplomacy with its attacks on nuclear sites, and that while Iran in principle was always open to talks, national security was the priority. We have to make sure whether the other parties are really serious when they're talking about diplomacy, or is it again part of their tactics to make more problems for the region and for my country, he said. China and Russia, Iran's strongest allies, welcomed the ceasefire and said they hoped it would hold. Grossi said Iran and the international community should seize the opportunity of the ceasefire for a long-term diplomatic solution. Out of the ... bad things that military conflict brings, there's also now a possibility, an opening, he said. We shouldn't miss that opportunity. A rare video by Mossad In a rare video released by Mossad, Israel's spy agency, chief David Barnea thanked the CIA for being a key partner, and his own agents for work over months and years to achieve what was unimaginable at first. Thanks to accurate intelligence, advanced technologies and operational capabilities beyond imagination, we helped the Air Force strike the Iranian nuclear project, establish aerial superiority in Iranian skies and reduce the missile threat, the agency said in a Facebook post alongside the video. During the war, Israeli airstrikes also targeted Iran's top military leadership and other sites associated with its ruling theocracy. Tehran on Tuesday put the death toll in Iran at 606, with 5,332 people wounded. The Washington-based Human Rights Activists group released figures Wednesday suggesting Israeli strikes on Iran had killed at least 1,054 and wounded 4,476. The group, which has provided detailed casualty figures from multiple rounds of unrest in Iran, said 417 of those killed were civilians and 318 were security forces. At least 28 people were killed in Israel and more than 1,000 wounded, according to officials. In the past two weeks, Iran has executed six prisoners accused of spying for Israel, including three on Wednesday. (Only the headline and picture of this report may have been reworked by the Business Standard staff; the rest of the content is auto-generated from a syndicated feed.)
India.com
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Trump in tension over US role in Iran-Israel war, good news for India due to..., Pakistan in trouble because...
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Time of India
17 minutes ago
- Time of India
From missiles to militias: Iran's internal war on dissent intensifies
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