All you need to know about: Lupus
While the general prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in India is reported as 3.2 per 100,000 population, specific data on various types of lupus within India are limited. Studies on SLE in India have primarily focused on the overall disease prevalence and its clinical features.
According to studies, lupus care in India faces challenges related to access, cost and awareness. Specifically, limited access to specialised rheumatologists, financial burdens, and inadequate insurance coverage contribute to difficulties in diagnosis and management. Furthermore, stigmas associated with chronic illnesses and lack of awareness among healthcare providers and the public can lead to delays in seeking medical help.
What is lupus?
Lupus is a long-term, progressive autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue throughout the body.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), lupus can affect any part of the body, including the skin, joints, kidneys, lungs, heart, and brain. The World Health Organization (WHO) notes that lupus involves chronic stimulation of the immune system, and its exact cause remains unknown. The Lancetdescribes lupus as a multisystemic autoimmune disease marked by the presence of autoantibodies against nuclear antigens, immune complex deposition, and chronic inflammation -- primarily affecting classic target organs like the skin, joints, and kidneys
Lupus, has several forms, with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) being the most common and serious type. Other forms include Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (CLE), which primarily affects the skin. Within CLE, there are further subtypes like Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE), which is characterised by circular lesions, and Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (SCLE), which often presents with rashes and joint pain. Drug-induced lupus can occur as a side effect of certain medications, while neonatal lupus affects newborns.
What are the signs and symptoms ?
Signs and symptoms of lupus can be wide-ranging and unpredictable.
It is a highly variable disease. This means that the symptoms, their severity, and the way the disease progresses can differ significantly from person to person -- with some experiencing mild symptoms and others facing life-threatening complications.
The most common symptom, as reported by the CDC, is extreme fatigue, which can significantly impact both physical and mental well-being. Other frequent symptoms include pain or swelling in the joints and muscles, fevers, hair loss, frequent mouth sores, and a characteristic butterfly-shaped rash across the cheeks and nose.
Less common but important symptoms may involve chest pain during deep breathing, heightened sensitivity to sunlight, cognitive and mental health changes, damage to the eyes, and complications in vital organs such as the heart, lungs, and kidneys.
The WHO emphasises that the variation in affected organs may reflect different underlying immune pathways, supported by distinct autoantibody profiles. These symptoms tend to occur in episodes, known as flares, which can be followed by periods of remission where symptoms temporarily subside.
Who is at risk?
Anyone can be at risk of being affected by lupus. However, certain populations are more vulnerable. The CDC and a report in Nature highlight that it primarily occurs among women between puberty and menopause and is more common among individuals of African American, Hispanic, Asian, and Indigenous descent. While its can occur at any age, it's most often diagnosed between 15 and 45 years old. It affects approximately 3.4 million people worldwide, with 400,000 individuals being newly diagnosed each year
Though the exact cause remains unknown, WHO suggests that genetic predisposition combined with hormonal and environmental triggers likely contributes to disease development. Studies also indicate that the chance of developing SLE is believed to be associated with genetic factors, epigenetic factors , environmental triggers, and hormonal factors. Differences in clinical patterns among patients suggest that multiple disease mechanisms may be involved, making the condition highly individualised.
What are the treatment options?
Treatment for lupus aims to manage symptoms, prevent organ damage, and maintain low disease activity or achieve remission.
The Lancet outlines current therapeutic approaches --under personalised guidance from heathcare professionals --- starting with hydroxychloroquine as a baseline medication, often supplemented with corticosteroids and immunosuppressants depending on severity.
In recent years, newer therapies like belimumab, anifrolumab, and voclosporin have been approved, particularly improving outcomes for patients with lupus nephritis -- a kidney disease caused by SLE. Alongside medications, non-pharmacological strategies are essential, including lifestyle interventions, sun protection, mental health support, and patient education to improve quality of life and treatment adherence.
The WHO points out that despite medical advances, there is still no universally reliable marker for diagnosis or disease activity, and access to newer treatments remains unequal globally. The primary goals of treatment are to suppress immune overactivity, manage flares, and reduce long-term complications such as infections, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disease caused both by the illness and its treatments.
Hashtags
Try Our AI Features
Explore what Daily8 AI can do for you:
Comments
No comments yet...
Related Articles
Time of India
6 hours ago
- Time of India
Egg recall expands to 9 states after Salmonella outbreak leaves dozens ill, officials urge caution
Egg recall expands to 9 states after Salmonella outbreak leaves dozens ill, officials urge caution : A serious Salmonella outbreak has led to an urgent egg recall across 9 U.S. states, with health officials warning people to stop using specific cartons of eggs that may be contaminated. As of June 6, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported 79 people have fallen ill, and 21 have been hospitalized due to Salmonella Enteritidis infections. The eggs under recall were sold under various brand names, and were distributed by the August Egg Company based in Hilmar, California. No deaths have been reported yet, but the risk is high, especially for young children, older adults, and those with weakened immune systems. According to the FDA, the affected eggs were sold in several popular supermarkets including Walmart, Raley's, Safeway, FoodMaxx, and Smart & Final. This is not a small recall—it's already affecting consumers in Arizona, California, Illinois, Indiana, Nebraska, New Mexico, Nevada, Washington, and Wyoming. What eggs are being recalled, and how can you check if yours are part of the Salmonella outbreak? The egg recall involves brown cage-free and certified organic eggs packed under multiple brands, including: by Taboola by Taboola Sponsored Links Sponsored Links Promoted Links Promoted Links You May Like 5 Books Warren Buffett Wants You to Read In 2025 Blinkist: Warren Buffett's Reading List Undo Clover First Street Nulaid O Organics Marketside Raley's Simple Truth Sun Harvest Sunnyside If you have a carton of eggs in your fridge, check the side of the package for the plant codes P-6562 or CA-5330. Also look for Julian dates between 032 and 126 and sell-by dates ranging from March 4 to June 4, 2025. These are clear signs that the eggs may be part of the ongoing recall. The FDA confirmed that the Salmonella found in these eggs matches the genetic strain of the bacteria found in the sick patients, after lab testing was done using Whole Genome Sequencing. Live Events The eggs were packaged in fiber or clear plastic cartons, so shoppers are advised to check both types of packaging. How did the Salmonella outbreak start and what's being done? The CDC and FDA say the outbreak was linked to eggs produced by the August Egg Company in California. The company is now fully cooperating with the investigation and has already pulled all impacted products from grocery store shelves. Instead of being sold, the remaining eggs are being diverted to a breaking facility, where they'll be pasteurized to kill any bacteria. So far, illnesses have been reported in seven states: California, Arizona, Kentucky, Nebraska, New Jersey, Nevada, and Washington. The reported cases began between February 24 and May 17, according to CDC tracking. Out of 30 sick individuals who were interviewed, 27 said they had consumed eggs or food made with eggs. Health officials urge everyone to double-check their egg cartons, and if they match the recall codes, either throw them out or return them to the store. It's also important to clean any surfaces or utensils the eggs may have touched to avoid spreading bacteria. What are the symptoms of Salmonella infection and who is at risk? Salmonella is no joke. It can cause a lot of discomfort and even lead to hospitalization. Common symptoms include: Diarrhea Fever Stomach cramps Symptoms usually begin between 12 to 72 hours after eating contaminated food. Most people recover within a few days, but in some cases, especially in young kids, the elderly, or people with weakened immune systems, the infection can become severe. If you've eaten any of the recalled eggs and feel sick, it's best to call your doctor right away. Even if your symptoms are mild, it's still smart to get checked out—especially with this confirmed outbreak spreading in multiple states. Why is this egg recall coming at such a sensitive time? This recall comes while the U.S. egg industry is already under pressure. Back in March, the Department of Justice started investigating major egg producers for possibly inflating prices during times of supply shortages. According to The Guardian, egg prices had surged earlier in the year, but dropped by 12.7% in April—the biggest single-month drop since 1984. Now, the Salmonella outbreak adds another layer of concern for shoppers and the food industry. With summer approaching, egg-heavy meals like potato salad, deviled eggs, and baked goods are common—so public health officials want people to be extra cautious during this time. What should you do right now? If you live in any of the nine states listed, here's what you need to do: Check your eggs: Look for the plant codes P-6562 or CA-5330 and Julian dates 032 to 126. Throw them out or return them: Don't take any risks. Clean your kitchen: Sanitize any surfaces, containers, or utensils that may have come in contact with the recalled eggs. Wash your hands thoroughly: Especially after handling raw eggs. Stay updated: Visit or for the latest news.
Time of India
7 hours ago
- Time of India
Why are strokes skyrocketing among young adults? Expert reveals shocking causes behind the alarming trend
Once considered a disease of the elderly, strokes are increasingly striking young adults—people in their 20s, 30s, and 40s—at an alarming rate. According to new data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), stroke rates among individuals aged 18 to 44 jumped by 14.6% between 2020 and 2022. The shift is raising red flags for neurologists who say they're now treating patients younger than ever before. 'We've never had patients so young,' said Dr. Mohammad Anadani, chief of neuroendovascular services at Endeavor Health Neurosciences Institute while talking with the New York Post . 'We don't think about stroke in 20-year-old patients. We feel more pressure when caring for these patients because they are so young.' Healthy, Young—and Hit by a Stroke The trend isn't just numbers—it's deeply personal. Dr. Anadani recently treated two young women, 23 and 24 years old, who had strokes despite appearing healthy. Both were on oral contraceptives, which are known to raise the risk of stroke. One of them also had a congenital heart condition known as a patent foramen ovale (PFO)—a hole in the heart that allowed a blood clot to bypass the lungs and reach the brain. The Theories Behind the Surge Though doctors are still piecing together the reasons behind the rise, Anadani believes the causes are multifaceted. 'It's likely related to a rise in traditional cerebrovascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol and obesity,' he explained. 'Lifestyle factors like increased stress, long working hours and physical inactivity have also been suggested.' One of the stroke patients, for instance, was working long hours and consuming excessive caffeine. She was drinking energy beverages containing 200 mg of caffeine per can—half the recommended daily limit in just one serving. While energy drinks haven't been directly linked to strokes, studies show they can elevate blood pressure and trigger cardiac arrhythmias, both of which are stroke risks. You Might Also Like: Doctors failed, but ChatGPT, much before, informed her that all was not well with her health. And it came true Energy Drinks and Adderall: A Dangerous Cocktail? Scarsdale-based cardiologist and TikTok health educator Dr. Evan Levine has called out energy drinks as one of the worst choices for heart health. He also warns about the widespread use of stimulants like Adderall, especially among young adults using telehealth services to access prescriptions more easily. 'Young healthy people aged 20 to 40 … have a 57% higher risk [of heart problems] than young healthy people not on these meds,' Levine said. Dr. Anadani doesn't dismiss the concern. 'Regarding Adderall, the evidence is mixed. While most studies did not show a strong association between Adderall use and stroke, some studies did,' he noted, adding that while energy drinks and Adderall could play a role, the bigger culprits likely remain lifestyle-related issues like obesity and chronic stress. A Wake-Up Call for a Generation As stroke cases climb among the young, experts stress the importance of early recognition, preventive care, and lifestyle changes. The warning is clear: strokes are no longer an old person's disease. They can strike at any age—and for this generation, the risks are increasingly real and alarmingly overlooked. You Might Also Like: Wish to age gracefully? Your midlife might be the last call to shape a healthier future, new research warns
Time of India
7 hours ago
- Time of India
What is RSV and why are infants especially at risk in India?
Respiratory Syncytial Virus, commonly known as RSV, is the leading cause of respiratory illness in children and infants worldwide. In India, RSV has also become a major issue for parents as well as pediatricians, particularly in the post-monsoon and winter seasons when cases surge. Although the nation continues to establish complete surveillance information, existing studies in tertiary care facilities show that RSV contributes 30% to 50% of bronchiolitis and pneumonia incidents in children aged two years and below. RSV is usually responsible for the symptoms of a cold in older children and adults. Nevertheless, in infants—especially those under six months of age, those who were premature at birth, or those with underlying health issues—the virus may cause severe lower respiratory tract infections, including bronchiolitis (inflammation of small airways) and pneumonia. These two diseases usually require hospitalization, and hospitalization rates between 3 and 5 per 100 infants less than one year of age per year have been estimated in India. The risks are not equal throughout the nation. Geographic and socioeconomic variations account for both the risk of and outcome of RSV infection. Children living in lower-income populations or in densely populated urban environments can have increased exposure from lesser access to healthcare, suboptimal ventilation, and slower diagnosis. by Taboola by Taboola Sponsored Links Sponsored Links Promoted Links Promoted Links You May Like Eat 1 Teaspoon Every Night, See What Happens A Week Later [Video] getfittoday Undo Seeing the international burden of RSV, the World Health Organization (WHO) recently supported maternal RSV vaccination as a prevention approach. This entails immunizing pregnant women so that antibodies are passed on to the unborn child, providing immunity in the vulnerable early months of life. Although not yet included in India's Universal Immunization Programme (UIP), Indian health authorities, such as the Indian Academy of Pediatrics, are in the process of evaluating the vaccine's safety, effectiveness, and affordability in India. Phased introduction in high-risk groups could be the initial step. Apart from vaccines, monoclonal antibodies too have been promising in the prevention of RSV-related complications. These provide passive immunity in a single dose of injection. But the big constraint is cost. Without government incentives or being covered under public health schemes, these therapies could prove to be out of reach for the majority of Indian families. Differential pricing models and collaborations with insurance companies will become paramount in order to expand access. More encouragingly, Indian drug makers are not idle either. Bharat Biotech and Serum Institute of India have initiated RSV research programs and are likely to bank on their experience in the production of pediatric and maternal vaccines. Tie-ups with global firms can also open the way for local production of monoclonal antibodies, leading to costs savings as well as wider availability. Experts put wide availability of RSV vaccines and antibodies in India at least 2 to 4 years down the road. Early access could start in corporate or private hospitals dealing with high-risk pregnancies. In the private sector, however, the incorporation of RSV prevention in the national immunization program will be crucial to making RSV vaccines and antibodies accessible and beneficial for all Indian infants—irrespective of birthplace. Article courtesy: Dr. Shreya Dubey - Consultant - Neonatology & Paediatrics, CK Birla Hospital, Gurugram Russia's Lavrov Sounds Alarm Over German Army Buildup Plan; 'Very Worrying, Need To…' One step to a healthier you—join Times Health+ Yoga and feel the change
