Aspergillosis explained: Causes, symptoms and treatment options
Aspergillosis is a fungal infection that is typically found in wet conditions, such as compost or rotting leaves, and is brought on by inhaling Aspergillus spores.
Hashtags
Try Our AI Features
Explore what Daily8 AI can do for you:
Comments
No comments yet...
Related Articles
&w=3840&q=100)
Business Standard
5 days ago
- Business Standard
Climate change may fuel spread of fungi that could 'eat you from inside out'
As Covid-19 cases begin to rise again in parts of the world, including India, there's another silent but serious health threat emerging, this time from the fungal kingdom. The rising global temperatures could accelerate the fungi capable of eating you from inside out. A new climate modelling study by researchers at the University of Manchester shows that rising temperatures could dramatically alter the spread of Aspergillus, a group of airborne fungi known to cause severe respiratory infections in humans and widespread damage to crops. Published on the preprint platform Research Square, the study titled Climate change-driven geographical shifts in Aspergillus species habitat and the implications forplant and human health maps how the geographical range of three major Aspergillus species could expand significantly by year 2100, exposing millions more people to the risk of infection, especially across Europe and Asia. Why are Aspergillus fungi a growing concern? The Aspergillus genus includes several common environmental fungi found in soil, compost, and air. While generally harmless to healthy people, they can cause aspergillosis, a serious respiratory infection, in those with weakened immune systems. These fungi are also notorious for spoiling crops and producing dangerous mycotoxins. But here's the real problem — they're evolving. Rising global temperatures and widespread use of agricultural fungicides are helping these pathogens become more heat-tolerant and resistant to antifungal drugs, leaving doctors with fewer tools to treat infections. How rising temperatures increase fungal risks Using global climate models and species distribution tools, the University of Manchester team simulated how suitable habitats for Aspergillus fungi will shift under three scenarios, including low, intermediate, and high warming. Impact in a low warming scenario (below 2°C): Minimal changes in habitat range for Aspergillus species, and the spread is relatively contained. Impact in intermediate warming (2.5–3°C by 2100): Noticeable spread of fungal pathogens into new regions, especially in the Northern Hemisphere. Impact in high warming (around 4°C by 2100): Significant and rapid expansion of Aspergillus habitats, particularly A. flavus and A. fumigatus, into Europe, North Asia, and North America, putting millions at increased risk. ALSO READ | Why scientists are especially alarmed by these findings Antifungal resistance: A. flavus, in particular, is already resistant to many existing treatments. Lack of medical tools: There are no vaccines, diagnostics are limited, and antifungal options are few. Dr Norman van Rhijn, lead author of the study, explains in a statement, 'We've already seen the emergence of Candida auris due to rising temperatures, but this is just the beginning. These maps show how fungal pathogens will likely impact most areas of the world in the future. Raising awareness and developing effective interventions is essential.' Fungi are shifting toward the Northern Hemisphere According to the study, the biggest changes will happen in the Northern Hemisphere. Europe and North Asia: Projected to see the largest increase in fungal suitability due to milder climates becoming warmer. Africa and South America: Paradoxically, these regions could become too hot for fungi like A. flavus to survive — threatening ecosystems that rely on fungi to decompose organic matter and regulate the carbon cycle. The study shows a striking poleward shift: fungi are moving north, where millions more people could be exposed. Climate change threatens food security via fungal spread The study highlights that A. flavus and A. niger are major crop pathogens, especially for maize, rice, and grapes. The research warns of: Reduced habitat suitability in current crop-growing zones Increased risk of contamination in new areas Food insecurity due to loss and spoilage of yields Antifungal resistance is also being driven by overuse of fungicides in agriculture, which compromises both plant and human health. Why fungal threats are difficult to fight Unlike bacteria, fungi are biologically closer to humans, meaning antifungal drugs often have toxic side effects. Plus, only a tiny fraction of the estimated 1.5 to 3.8 million fungal species have been studied, and less than 10 per cent have been sequenced genetically. How to prepare for a warming-driven fungal threat According to the study and public health experts: Accelerate climate action to limit warming and slow fungal spread Invest in fungal diagnostics, surveillance, and treatments Improve awareness among healthcare workers and the public Develop sustainable farming practices to reduce fungicide-driven resistance Fungi may not make daily headlines like viruses do, but they are quietly becoming one of the most dangerous climate-driven health threats of our time. As global warming accelerates their spread and evolution, ignoring them is no longer an option. For more health updates, follow #HealthWithBS
India.com
6 days ago
- India.com
What is Aspergillus? The deadly fungus spreading rapidly and can eat humans 'inside out'
An increase in global temperatures might result in the Aspergillus fungus that causes many annual deaths affecting greater areas, the new research reveals. Many types of Aspergillus spread in the world and can infect people, pets and plants, as scientists at Manchester University explain. According to both The Lancet and CNN, the study is being reviewed at present by a group of international experts. What is Aspergillus? In many parts of the globe, Aspergillus is recognised as a common group of fungi. It causes aspergillosis, which can be fatal, and primarily affect the lungs. Researchers used several types of modelling and forecasting techniques to track where Aspergillus would spread in the future. As part of the research, scientists found that there were specific Aspergillus species that will expand in the future as the climate crisis intensifies. These species will expand into new parts of Canada, the U.S., Europe, China, and Russia. In comparison, viruses and parasites have received more attention from researchers than fungi, says Norman Van Rijn, one of the authors of the study. He predicts these are expected to impact the major areas of the world. Why is this infection so deadly and who is at risk? An estimated figure is that fungal infections every year claim the lives of more than 2.5 million individuals. It's possible the number is even higher since not all data is available. As with many fungi, Aspergillus appears in soils as tiny filamentous structures. Subsequently, they create many spores that travel with the air. Every day, humans take in these air pollutants. Usually, most people do not have any issues with their health because their immune system can deal with most threats. That's different for individuals suffering from asthma, cystic fibrosis or COPD. Patients who have had cancer or organ transplants are high at risk due to weakened immune system. According to Van Rijn, if your immune system can't get rid of the spores, the fungus begins to grow. 'The fungus starts to grow and basically kind of eat you from the inside out, saying it really bluntly,' van Rijn said. Aspergillus flavus, which favours hot and tropical places, could see its range grow by 16% if we keep relying on fossil fuels, according to the study. Candida species can cause really serious infections and are still resistant to some drugs. For this reason, the infection can spread among a wide range of food crops, making it a serious problem for food security too.
Time of India
6 days ago
- Time of India
Global pandemic warning: Aspergillus deadly fungus mirrors HBO's ‘The Last of Us'
Aspergillus fungus (Image source: Wikipedia) As climate change accelerates, it is not only reshaping our weather patterns and ecosystems but also silently altering the spread of dangerous pathogens. Among these, Aspergillus—a common yet potentially deadly fungus—is gaining new ground. Once confined primarily to warmer regions, this airborne threat is now forecasted to expand its reach into parts of North America, Europe, China, and Russia. A recent study by researchers at the University of Manchester employed advanced climate modeling to predict how Aspergillus will migrate in response to rising temperatures, warning that millions more people may be at risk of infection by 2100. While Aspergillus is a familiar organism to scientists and farmers, its ability to cause invasive aspergillosis—a severe lung infection—makes it a serious public health concern. The new findings arrive amid a global rise in fungal infections, which already claim an estimated 2.5 million lives annually. These numbers may be underreported due to the difficulty in diagnosis and the limited global surveillance of fungal diseases. This article explores the science behind Aspergillus, the impact of climate change on its distribution, and the urgent need for enhanced monitoring and medical preparedness. What is Aspergillus? Understanding the fungus among us Aspergillus is a genus of over 300 mold species that thrive in various environments—soil, plant matter, decaying leaves, compost, and even indoor dust. Although many species are harmless and some are even useful in industrial fermentation (like soy sauce or citric acid production), several are pathogenic to humans and animals. Among the most concerning are: Aspergillus fumigatus : The most common cause of aspergillosis, particularly dangerous for immunocompromised individuals. Aspergillus flavus : Known for producing aflatoxins, potent carcinogens that contaminate crops like maize and peanuts. Aspergillus niger : Common in indoor environments and capable of causing ear infections and respiratory issues. These fungi reproduce by releasing microscopic spores (conidia) into the air. While healthy individuals can inhale these spores with little consequence, vulnerable populations—including those with asthma, COPD, cancer, organ transplants, or HIV—face a much higher risk of serious complications. Aspergillosis explained: The deadly lung infection you've probably never heard of Aspergillosis refers to a group of diseases caused by Aspergillus spores that take root in the lungs and sometimes spread to other parts of the body. The most severe form, invasive aspergillosis, can be fatal if not treated promptly. Types of Aspergillosis: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) : A hypersensitive reaction often seen in asthma or cystic fibrosis patients. Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) : Long-term infection leading to lung cavities and respiratory decline. Invasive aspergillosis : A fast-spreading, often deadly condition in immunocompromised individuals. Symptoms include: Persistent cough Shortness of breath Fever Chest pain Hemoptysis (coughing up blood) W hat makes aspergillosis particularly dangerous is the difficulty in diagnosis. Its symptoms often mimic other respiratory illnesses, delaying appropriate treatment. Moreover, treatment options are limited, with only four primary classes of antifungal drugs available—azole resistance among Aspergillus species is growing, making infections harder to treat. How climate change is driving the spread of Aspergillus The University of Manchester study underscores a chilling reality: as global temperatures climb, so does the habitat range of heat-tolerant fungi. Using a combination of climate simulation models and fungal biology data, researchers evaluated how Aspergillus species will respond to two climate scenarios—moderate emissions and high fossil fuel use. Key findings: Aspergillus flavus, a heat-loving fungus, is projected to expand its global range by 16% under high-emission scenarios. Aspergillus fumigatus, traditionally found in temperate regions, may shift its range northward, with a 77.5% increase in its potential habitat by 2100. This expansion could put 9 million more people in Europe at increased risk. Cooler regions such as northern China, Russia, and parts of Canada could soon become hotspots for fungal colonization. Conversely, sub-Saharan Africa, already experiencing extreme temperatures, might become too hot for certain Aspergillus strains, leading to unexpected shifts in ecological balance. Why heat makes fungi stronger Fungi generally struggle to thrive at the high internal temperatures of mammals. However, as average global temperatures rise, fungi are slowly adapting to heat stress. This means they are more likely to survive—and flourish—inside the human body. This heat-hardening process could lead to the emergence of new, more virulent fungal strains capable of overcoming our natural defenses. In addition to temperature changes, climate-linked weather events like hurricanes, tornadoes, and floods play a critical role in dispersing fungal spores. The 2011 tornado in Joplin, Missouri, for example, led to a rare and deadly fungal outbreak. As these extreme weather events become more frequent, the spread of Aspergillus spores across long distances will likely increase, enhancing their potential to infect new populations. Public health implications: Who is at risk? Populations most vulnerable to the threat of Aspergillus expansion include: Immunocompromised individuals (e.g., cancer, HIV, or transplant patients) Elderly populations People with respiratory conditions such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, or COPD Rural populations with increased exposure to airborne spores from agriculture In regions projected to become new habitats for Aspergillus, public health systems may not be adequately prepared to diagnose or treat fungal diseases. There's an urgent need for greater awareness, improved diagnostic tools, and antifungal research funding to meet this looming threat. Medical challenges: Drug resistance and diagnostic gaps One of the most alarming aspects of the fungal threat is growing antifungal resistance. Azoles, the most commonly used antifungal drugs, are becoming less effective due to overuse in both medicine and agriculture. Some Aspergillus strains now exhibit multi-drug resistance, rendering current treatments ineffective and complicating recovery. Further compounding the crisis is the lack of rapid diagnostic tests. In many healthcare settings, fungal infections are misdiagnosed or only detected at advanced stages. Unlike bacteria or viruses, fungal pathogens are harder to culture and require specialized labs to identify accurately. One step to a healthier you—join Times Health+ Yoga and feel the change
