Run It and brain injuries: What you need to know

RNZ News

2 days ago

The brain may be protected by our skull, but it's still an extremely delicate organ.
Photo:
NICK VEASEY/ SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY / AFP
Explainer
- A 19-year-old from Palmerston North died recently playing a version of the controversial violent 'Run It' contest.
How can a knock on the head kill? Here's what you need to know about brain injuries.
An Australian creation that has taken off in Aotearoa thanks to social media, 'Run It Straight' is a combat sport.
Across a field, a ball runner and defender
charge at full speed toward one another
without helmets or safety gear.
The participant who "dominates" the contact is deemed the winner.
Events held in New Zealand recently offer cash prizes, including a $200,000 prize advertised for the winner of the final.
Many sporting groups and health experts have condemned the contests, including
NZ Rugby
and NZ Rugby League.
The 19-year-old Palmerston North man
died Monday night
in hospital, after suffering a catastrophic head injury on Sunday, 25 May playing an unofficial Run It-style game with friends.
Police said it was
an unspectacular tackle that led to the tragedy
.
Manawatū area commander inspector Ross Grantham told RNZ's
Checkpoint
that Ryan's head didn't hit anything hard during the tackle.
"It was just an impromptu event with some mates that got together and the two men run towards each other, and from that collision, this young man Ryan has received such a terrible injury that it's been fatal," Grantham said.
"It doesn't look like his head has hit anything hard, hasn't hit the ground, or his mate's body or head. It's the movement that has caused this injury."
Satterthwaite's family have urged people not to take part in the game, with
his uncle calling it "the most stupid thing I've ever seen"
.
The death comes after two other men were knocked unconscious and required medical attention during a competition
at Auckland's Trust Arena
.
Ryan Satterthwaite died in hospital of his injuries.
Photo:
Instagram
People don't understand how fragile the brain really is, said
Dr Helen Murray
, a neuroscientist and senior research fellow at the University of Auckland's Centre for Brain Research.
"The main thing to think about is our brain is essentially floating in cerebrospinal fluid inside our skull, so every time you bump the front of your skull, the brain is moving around in your head.
"It's sort of like an egg in an eggshell - if you shake it, you damage what's inside. It's a very delicate structure."
Knocks to the head can cause bleeding or harm the careful infrastructure inside our skulls.
"All of those delicate folds of the brain are stretching and twisting, and that can cause damage," she said. "Blood is not supposed to be in direct contact with brain tissue."
Bleeding on the brain can cause problems such as a stroke.
The exact details of Satterthwaite's injuries have not been revealed, but sudden death from a brain injury can also occur because it regulates most of our body functions. If the brain stem - which connects your brain to the spinal cord - is affected, it can result in critical injuries.
"Your brain stem is really responsible for a lot of what we call homeostatic functions, the things that keep your body alive," Dr Murray said.
"You don't think about your heart beating, you don't think about your breathing or your blood pressure, but your brain is always making that happen all the time."
Several people are believed to have suffered concussions - a brain injury caused by a blow to the head - during Run It activities.
Chief executive of the Headway brain injury support charity Stacey Mowbray
recently told RNZ
she found Run It Straight video footage "horrendous and really distressing".
"We refer to concussions as the invisible injury, so you don't have to see anything initially to have had one."
The brain floats within the skull with a thin layer of fluid around it.
Photo:
PEAKSTOCK / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY / AFP
Even if the injury isn't immediately fatal, brain injuries can also develop over years.
"Your brain is so precious and a brain injury affects, not only your life, but your friends, your family and the people around you, and it can last a long, long time," Dr Murray said.
Absolutely, and the particularly stark nature of Run It events has drawn attention to
long-standing research about sports players developing life-changing injuries
.
Brain injuries in sport cost New Zealand
millions every year
.
Some former athletes have been diagnosed with Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy or CTE, a progressive brain disease that can cause dementia-like symptoms. Former All Black Carl Hayman has spoken out about
living with the disease
, which he was diagnosed with in his early 40s.
Dr Murray is [https://www.rnz.co.nz/national/programmes/ninetonoon/audio/2018980655/brains-of-rugby-players-shed-new-light-on-cte-disease one of New Zealand's leading experts on CTE and an ice hockey player herself. She said contact sports can be played safely, but events like Run It lacked safeguards.
"There are some unique factors in this Run It event that just make it a really, really heavy risk - the fact that no-one is trying to avoid a collision, for starters.
"You instantly have this high-force component, the lack of regulation, people just kind of doing this without safe tackling technique. Someone's judging the collision, so there's an incentive for high damage.
"So many sports have been doing a fantastic job about learning to play more safely... but this is a big step backwards."
West Auckland's Trusts Arena cancelled plans to host the final event for the Runit Championship League after holding trials there.
"Safety of all participants at our venue is paramount and this activity presented safety considerations that we could not overlook," Trusts Arena's general manager of community engagement Lynette Adams
told the New Zealand Herald
.
After Satterthwaite's death, police said it was not considered a criminal matter, but they would continue to make inquiries on behalf of the Coroner.
"We need people to stop participating in activities where the intention is to hurt someone," AUT professor of human performance Patria Hume
told the Science Media Centre
. "Why is this not considered assault?"
Sports and Recreation Minister Mark Mitchell is seeking advice on what could be done about the game.
He
told RNZ's Nine To Noon last week
he had asked Sport NZ for advice to see if there was anything that could be done at a government level.
Mitchell said it would likely require a response from several agencies.
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