Police officer whistleblowers would get more protection under Colorado bill
State Rep. Jennifer Bacon speaks at an event hosted by Colorado's Black Democratic Legislative Caucus to provide a 2023 legislative preview at Cleo Parker Robinson Dance in Denver, Jan. 25, 2023. (Kevin Mohatt for Colorado Newsline)
A bill that would give Colorado police officers who report misconduct in their office more protection from retaliation passed a House committee on Tuesday, nearly a year after a similar bill failed in the face of law enforcement opposition.
House Bill 25-1031 would allow officers to sue their employers if they face retaliation for reporting a danger to public safety or an alleged crime by another officer. It would clarify that there is whistleblower protection for local law enforcement.
'If someone wants to come forward because there has been a violation of law or policy, they should be protected in doing so,' said Rep. Jennifer Bacon, a Denver Democrat sponsoring the bill.
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The bill passed the House Judiciary Committee on a 9-2 vote. Republican Reps. Ryan Armagost of Berthoud and Jarvis Caldwell of Colorado Springs voted against it.
Bacon also ran last year's bill alongside former Rep. Leslie Herod, another Denver Democrat. That bill would have required investigations of reported misconduct and criminalized a failure to report, and was inspired by a former Edgewater police officer who told lawmakers she was retaliated against after she reported a supervising sergeant for sexual assault.
That bill, which was introduced and debated in the final weeks of the legislative session, faced heated opposition from Republicans and law enforcement groups, and failed on its final vote in the House.
Bacon and Rep. Chad Clifford, a Littleton Democrat also on the current bill, leaned on working groups of officers, legislators, legal experts and whistleblowers during the interim to come up with this year's version of legislation. It has the support of the Colorado Fraternal Order of Police.
I'll have a client call. They're aware of something that has happened, but they don't know what to do. They are concerned of the ramifications they will feel if they speak out. Every one of those officers feel that they should speak out.
– Sean McCauley, general counsel for the Colorado Fraternal Order of Police
Some officers have 'very deep, robust civil servant protections from a place like Denver, where they have an entire department to deal with this stuff,' Clifford said. 'Not everybody has a department, so we were able to bring the experts together who understand the right way to do it.'
'Everything that's in the four corners of this bill is related to a police officer having the protections that they need to do their job effectively and not get jammed up in their careers,' he said.
The bill expands the definition of retaliation from discharge and demotion to also include actions like suspension, creation of a hostile work environment, work hour reduction, and issuing a rating that could adversely affect an officer's future employment.
Sean McCauley, general counsel for the CFOP, said the issue of whether to report misconduct comes up 'monthly.'
'I'll have a client call. They're aware of something that has happened, but they don't know what to do. They are concerned of the ramifications they will feel if they speak out. Every one of those officers feel that they should speak out,' he said. 'But if you really value your career and you want to move through the organization, you have to decide if this is something that you want to speak out about.'
Under the bill, whistleblowing officers could be awarded damages for financial loss, emotional pain, mental anguish and inconvenience. They could also be reinstated to their agency with back pay. Caldwell said he might be able to support the bill if there's a cap set on those potential lawsuit payouts.
The bill would set a statute of limitations for whistleblower cases of two years.
It would also create an affirmative defense for law enforcement agencies if their actions are determined to not have been retaliatory.
'Affirmative defense would say 'We did cut your hours, but for a different reason,'' Bacon said. 'We see that in other places in employment law, especially in government.'
The bill now heads to the full House chamber for consideration.
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