Looking for an extra edge at work — or life? Ponder popping a nootropic
Whether you're staring down a massive to-do list or just have one beast of a project that needs to be tackled, it's tempting to tap the ever-growing stash of over-the-counter supplements promising to boost cognition and keep us on task.
One such pill, Clarity by nootropics giant Thesis, is even marketed as 'Nature's Adderall.'
6 Logic dietary supplement (one-month supply), $129 at Take Thesis
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Though she's reluctant to discuss best sellers — every brain is different, and it takes time to uncover exactly what yours needs — Thesis chief operating officer Katy Marshall admits that Clarity is not only her personal favorite, it's also the breakout star of the brand's six formulas. (Other blends in the Thesis lineup include Confidence, Creativity, Energy, Logic and Motivation.)
Fueled by the memory-supporting lion's mane mushroom and a proprietary spin on alpha-GPC (the naturally occurring brain chemical choline, which can boost learning), Clarity has helped thousands tune out the world around them.
6 Kanna Daily Chews dietary supplement (pack of 30), $105 at KA Empathogenics
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'I think it's the most popular because modern society and social media make it very difficult to focus,' says Marshall. 'Clarity can help.'
Kanna — a flowering succulent native to South Africa with a reputation for mimicking the effects of MDMA — is also on the rise in the nootropics world. It plays a lead role in chews and tinctures by the supplement brand KA! Empathogenics.
6 Brainstorm mushroom chocolates dietary supplement (one-month supply), $59 at Alice Mushrooms
What's an empathogenic, you ask? Basically, it's a substance that makes you feel warm and fuzzy toward others, hence the ecstasy-like effects of supplements powered by kanna.
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'There are over 35 known alkaloids in kanna, which have various physiological effects on the body,' says Stephanie Wang, KA! Empathogenics founder and CEO. 'These do everything from producing feelings of well-being and elevating mood to enhancing cognitive abilities and promoting brain health.'
6 Vanilla protein powder dietary supplement (case of 6 single-serve packs), $19 at Wavelength Supplements
Christine Dammann
Despite the fact that kanna is a euphoriant, Wang is quick to point out that it's psychoactive rather than psychedelic. 'It affects the mind and mood but isn't hallucinogenic,' she says. 'Coffee is another plant that's psychoactive but not psychedelic.'
While intrepid types could do the research and isolate specific ingredients that boost brain function (hello, umpteen million Reddit boards), others are happy to roll the dice on carefully crafted blends by brands that have made it their business to optimize our output while making us feel great.
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6 Lion's Mane dietary supplement, $28 at Mycolove Farm
Alice, a three-year-old functional mushroom brand sold online and in 700 retail locations (including New York wellness hot spots Sage + Sound, WTHN and The Alchemist's Kitchen) even had the brilliant idea to marry nootropics with chocolate.
'The amazing thing about Alice is that all of the ingredients in our formulations are designed to enhance and build off of one another,' says co-founder Charlotte Cruze. 'We take a 'now and later' approach to formulating, which means that some of our ingredients have immediate effects while others have long-term benefits.'
6 Mini Dew dietary supplement in watermelon (one-month supply), $44 at Moon Juice
On the instant-effects front, Cruze cites guarana (a type of climbing plant) and phosphatidylserine (a memory-boosting phospholipid) which both result in upticks in cognitive functioning and energy levels. Kicking in later, after daily consumption for three full weeks, are the memory-enhancing and blood oxygen-boosting effects of the mushrooms lion's mane and cordyceps.
'The secret to getting the benefits of the mushrooms is consistent daily use, but the nootropics kick in right away,' says Cruze. 'It's an amazing ritual that only gets better with time.'
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Yahoo
7 hours ago
- Yahoo
DISCO topline results: 64Cu-SARTATE is highly effective in detecting tumours in NET patients compared to SOC imaging. Phase III planning underway.
HIGHLIGHTS Topline data from Clarity's diagnostic Phase II trial, DISCO, confirms that 64Cu-SARTATE is safe and highly effective compared to standard-of-care (SOC) imaging at detecting lesions in patients with neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). DISCO compared the diagnostic performance of 64Cu-SARTATE at an average of 4 hours (between 3 to 5 hours) and 20 hours post-administration (same-day and next-day imaging, respectively) to 68Ga-DOTATATE. 64Cu-SARTATE lesion detection substantially outperformed that of 68Ga-DOTATATE. 64Cu-SARTATE detected 393 to 488 lesions, and 68Ga-DOTATATE identified 186 to 265 lesions among 45 study participants across the readers. Out of all the lesions identified by the readers, 230-251 were deemed to be discordant (i.e. only present on one of the scans, 68Ga-DOTATATE or 64Cu-SARTATE positron emission tomography [PET] / computed tomography [CT]). Of these lesions, 93.5% (average across readers) were only detected on the 64Cu-SARTATE PET/CT scans. The number of discordant lesions detected by 64Cu-SARTATE on the same-day and next-day scans was comparable. Approximately half of all the discordant lesions had an available standard-of-truth (SOT), such as histopathology or conventional imaging. The identified discordant lesions yielded a lesion-level sensitivity of 93.4% to 95.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 65.1, 99.5) for 64Cu-SARTATE (across both timepoints) and only 4.4% to 6.6% (95%CI: 0.5, 34.9) for 68Ga-DOTATATE across both readers. 64Cu-SARTATE was deemed safe and well tolerated. Only 7 (15.6%) participants experienced 64Cu-SARTATE-related adverse events (AEs). No serious treatment-emergent AEs were observed in the study. Based on the exciting preliminary results of the DISCO trial, Clarity will commence next steps to conduct a registrational Phase III study of 64Cu-SARTATE in NETs with the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) guidance. SYDNEY, June 5, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- Clarity Pharmaceuticals (ASX: CU6) ("Clarity" or "Company"), a clinical-stage radiopharmaceutical company with a mission to develop next-generation products that improve treatment outcomes for patients with cancer, is pleased to announce positive results from the diagnostic Phase II DISCO trial (NCT04438304)[1] with 64Cu-SARTATE in patients with known or suspected NETs. DISCO trial design DISCO is a "Diagnostic Imaging Study of 64COpper-SARTATE Using PET on Patients with Known or Suspected Neuroendocrine Tumours". It assessed the performance of Clarity's SARTATE imaging product as a potential new method to diagnose and manage NETs. The trial aimed to build on earlier clinical experience with 64Cu-SARTATE in patients with NETs, which demonstrated that the diagnostic has excellent imaging characteristics and suggested that 64Cu-SARTATE PET/CT provides comparable or superior lesion detection to 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in all patients, especially in the liver[2]. DISCO recruited participants with Gastroenteropancreatic NETs (GEP-NETs) across 4 sites in Australia, comparing the diagnostic performance of 64Cu-SARTATE PET at an average of 4 hours (between 3 and 5 hours) and approximately 20 hours post-administration (same-day and next-day imaging, respectively) to the current SOC, 68Ga-DOTATATE PET. Participants were required to have undergone a pre-study 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT scan within 5 weeks, but not closer than 6 hours prior to the administration of 64Cu-SARTATE as part of their routine clinical care. The trial was initially designed to enrol up to 63 patients, based on the anticipated lesion-level discordance rate between 64Cu-SARTATE and 68Ga-DOTATATE PET. Following a pre-planned early analysis of the data collected during the study, the sample size was adjusted to 45 patients, allowing for an earlier enrolment completion. Study participants were dosed with 200 MBq of 64Cu-SARTATE. Both the 64Cu-SARTATE and 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT scans were reviewed by 2 blinded central readers. Participants were followed for up to 12 months to complete additional investigations (e.g. biopsy and conventional imaging) and obtain the SOT used to verify discordant findings between the scan pairs. The verification of discordant findings against the SOT evidence (as true- or false-positive findings) was completed by an independent central assessor, distinct from the central readers evaluating the 64Cu-SARTATE and 68Ga-DOTATATE scans. Lesion-level sensitivity was calculated for the discordant lesions between the scan pairs, with each true-positive discordant lesion on one scan considered a false-negative lesion on the other scan, and each false-positive discordant lesion on one scan considered a true-negative lesion on the other scan. Topline results The results indicate that lesion detection by 64Cu-SARTATE (regardless of imaging timepoint) substantially outperformed that of 68Ga-DOTATATE. 64Cu-SARTATE detected 393 to 488 lesions, and 68Ga-DOTATATE identified 186 to 265 lesions among 45 participants across the readers (Figure 1). Out of all lesions identified by the readers, 230-251 were deemed to be discordant between 64Cu-SARTATE and 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT, with 93.5% (average across readers and imaging days) of these discordant lesions detected on the 64Cu-SARTATE scans only. A previously completed Phase I study demonstrated a 1.7 fold increase (median of 6.70 vs. 3.92, p=0.002) in contrast (i.e. lesion-to-background ratio) for 64Cu-SARTATE PET/CT performed at 4 hours post-administration compared to 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT2. This improvement in contrast may explain the detection of additional lesions observed in the DISCO trial. The average SUVmax, representing the highest concentration of 64Cu-SARTATE uptake in lesions, was notably high, ranging from 37.42 to 43.90 across both imaging days in the DISCO trial. Approximately half of all discordant lesions had an available SOT, which yielded a lesion-level sensitivity of 93.4% to 95.6% (95%CI: 65.1, 99.5) for 64Cu-SARTATE, including both timepoints, and only 4.4% to 6.6% (95%CI: 0.5, 34.9) for 68Ga-DOTATATE. 64Cu-SARTATE was deemed safe and well tolerated. Only 7 (15.6%) trial participants experienced 64Cu-SARTATE-related AEs, the majority of which were mild (Grade 1) gastrointestinal events, commonly observed in NET patients, and typically resolved within 2 days of onset. No serious treatment-emergent AEs were observed in the study. Based on the findings of the DISCO trial to date, Clarity will commence the next steps to conduct a registrational Phase III study of 64Cu-SARTATE in NETs with the US FDA's guidance. Clarity's Executive Chairperson, Dr Alan Taylor, commented, "We are very excited about the initial topline data from the DISCO trial as 64Cu-SARTATE was confirmed to be safe and very effective in detecting NET lesions in patients with known or suspected disease. The DISCO trial demonstrates a significant advantage of our diagnostic over 68Ga-DOTATATE. 64Cu-SARTATE detected almost double the number of lesions compared to the SOC, and, where SOT was available, a very high lesion-level sensitivity of 93.4% - 95.6% in comparison to just 4.4% - 6.6% for 68Ga-DOTATATE for these discordant findings. In addition to identifying more lesions with our product, lesions detected by 64Cu-SARTATE also exhibited high uptake with low background on the PET scans, making it easier to identify those lesions by readers. Excellent lesion visualisation was also supported by substantial clearance from the liver. The favourable biodistribution of 64Cu-SARTATE PET enabled high-contrast diagnostic imaging for up to approximately 24 hours post-injection (Figure 1), offering greater flexibility in the scheduling of PET/CT scans. "In the DISCO trial, we continue to observe the substantial limitations of the current-generation of short half-life isotope products, what we call isotope-centric medicine. This is clearly illustrated by 68Ga-DOTATATE with imaging timepoints solely dictated by the very short isotope half-life (approximately 1 hour for gallium-68) as opposed to good science and medicine. In contrast, 64Cu-SARTATE highlights the extraordinary benefits of next-generation patient-centric medicine, where imaging is guided by the optimal timepoint to scan and detect lesions, focusing on the needs of the patients and their treating professionals. "We believe that the flexibility of imaging with 64Cu-SARTATE, in comparison to approximately 1 hour with 68Ga-DOTATATE, plays an important role in the detection benefits seen in the DISCO study. We have known this for many years and have demonstrated these advantages of optimal timepoint imaging with different products in our Targeted Copper Theranostic (TCT) platform, including SARTATE. We have seen first-hand in a number of clinical trials that once radiopharmaceutical products are administered, they take time to find the lesion whilst also needing to clear from non-target organs, providing greater contrast. This is known as signal-to-noise ratio or, in our case, tumour-to-background ratio. Having greater contrast is especially important to identify smaller or more difficult to find cancers. "The longer half-life of copper-64, combined with Clarity's proprietary SAR Technology, sets up a strong foundation for next-generation diagnostics, which could be unmatched in the radiopharmaceutical sector. In addition to clinical benefits, the opportunity for high-volume centralised manufacturing and broad, on-demand distribution of ready-to-use diagnostics translates into flexibility and reliability for patients and their treating staff, meaning that every patient with access to PET imaging, including those in underserved and broad geographic areas, may access improved cancer diagnostics. "Patients with NETs are often misdiagnosed and experience delays in receiving the correct diagnosis, which may lead to disease progression and identification of their cancer at later stages. Visualising NET lesions earlier and more accurately may have a significant impact on patient outcomes as it equips clinicians with crucial information on disease burden, helping to determine an optimal treatment plan. As such, the SSTR2 imaging market is an important focus for Clarity. We estimate the NET diagnostic market in the US alone to be around 100,000 scans per year, growing to approximately 120,000 scans per year by 2029. "Importantly, the positive results of the DISCO trial open broader opportunities for the development of 64Cu-SARTATE in additional SSTR2-expressing malignancies beyond NETs, such as certain types of breast and lung cancers, where unmet clinical needs remain high. We believe the SSTR2 market is set to grow substantially with a number of therapies in development for this target, which include large indications such as breast and lung cancers. Subject to the successful completion of these studies, we believe that the imaging market for 64Cu-SARTATE could be as large, if not larger, than the very lucrative prostate cancer imaging market where radiopharmaceuticals currently dominate the diagnostic paradigm. "We look forward to sharing additional data readouts from the trial and presenting the results at future international medical conferences. We plan to rapidly progress discussions with the FDA to initiate a diagnostic registrational Phase III study, as a first key step in expanding SARTATE into the theranostic field of NETs, as well as other SSTR2-expressing cancers, with the copper-64/copper-67 pair. If the findings from the DISCO trial are substantiated in a registrational Phase III study and lead to regulatory approval by the US FDA, 64Cu-SARTATE may play an important role in improving diagnostic accuracy, lesion detection and staging of patients with NETs. These factors could improve clinical decision-making and treatment outcomes, potentially positioning 64Cu-SARTATE as a best-in-class agent for the diagnosis of NETs." About SARTATE SARTATE is a next generation, highly targeted theranostic radiopharmaceutical. It is being developed for diagnosing, staging and subsequently treating cancers that express SSTR2, such as NETs. Like all Clarity products, the SARTATE product can be used with copper-64 (64Cu) for imaging (64Cu-SARTATE) or copper-67 (67Cu) for therapy (67Cu-SARTATE). Disclaimer 64Cu-SARTATE is an unregistered product. The safety and efficacy of 64Cu-SARTATE has not been assessed by health authorities such as the US FDA or the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). There is no guarantee that this product will become commercially available. About NETs NETs, also known as well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms or carcinoids, represent a heterogeneous group of malignant transformations of cells of the diffuse neuroendocrine system[3]. They most commonly occur in the gastrointestinal tract (48%), lung (25%), and pancreas (9%), but may also originate in other areas, including the breast, prostate, thymus and skin[4]. NETs can either be benign or malignant, as well as non-functional and functional[5]. NETs traditionally have been considered uncommon; however, the incidence has been increasing as a worldwide phenomenon[6]. Overall, it is estimated that more than 20,000 people in the United States are diagnosed with a NET each year[7], and approximately 190,000 people are living with this diagnosis[8]. Patients with NETs present with subtle clinical symptoms, which can lead to a delay in diagnosis of more than 4 years[9]. As such, about 30-75% of NET patients have distant metastases at the time of diagnosis[10]. A 10-year relative survival rate for patients with metastatic GEP-NETs is 3–36%[11]. About Clarity Pharmaceuticals Clarity is a clinical stage radiopharmaceutical company focused on the treatment of serious diseases. The Company is a leader in innovative radiopharmaceuticals, developing Targeted Copper Theranostics based on its SAR Technology Platform for the treatment of cancers. For more information, please contact: Clarity Pharmaceuticals Dr Alan Taylor Lisa SadetskayaExecutive Chairperson Director, Corporate Communicationsataylor@ lisa@ References [1] Identifier: NCT04438304 [2] Hicks R et al. First-in-human trial of 64Cu-SARTATE PET imaging of patients with neuroendocrine tumours demonstrates high tumor uptake and retention, potentially allowing prospective dosimetry for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy. The Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 2019. [3] Cheung VTF, Khan MS. A guide to midgut neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) and carcinoid syndrome. Frontline gastroenterology. 2015;6(4):264-269. [4] Hallet J, Law CH, Cukier M, Saskin R, Liu N, Singh S. Exploring the rising incidence of neuroendocrine tumors: a population-based analysis of epidemiology, metastatic presentation, and outcomes. Cancer. 2015;121(4):589-597. [5] Yau H, Kinaan M, Quinn SL, Moraitis AG. Octreotide long-acting repeatable in the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors: patient selection and perspectives. Biologics : targets & therapy. 2017;11:115-122. [6] Leoncini E, Boffetta P, Shafir M, Aleksovska K, Boccia S, Rindi G. Increased incidence trend of low-grade and high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms. Endocrine. 2017 Nov;58(2):368-379. doi: 10.1007/s12020-017 1273-x. Epub 2017 Mar 16. PMID: 28303513; PMCID: PMC5671554. [7] Wu C, Song Z, Balachandra S, Dream S, Chen H, Rose JB, Bhatia S, Gillis A. Charting the Course: Insights into Neuroendocrine Tumor Dynamics in the United States. Ann Surg. 2025 Jun 1;281(6):968-975. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000006331. Epub 2024 May 6. PMID: 38708616; PMCID: PMC11538379. [8] Dasari A, Shen C, Halperin D, Zhao B, Zhou S, Xu Y, Shih T, Yao JC. Trends in the Incidence, Prevalence, and Survival Outcomes in Patients With Neuroendocrine Tumors in the United States. JAMA Oncol. 2017 Oct 1;3(10):1335-1342. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.0589. PMID: 28448665; PMCID: PMC5824320. [9] Basuroy R, Bouvier C, Ramage JK, Sissons M, Srirajaskanthan R. Delays and routes to diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumours. BMC Cancer. 2018 Nov 16;18(1):1122. doi: 10.1186/s12885-018-5057-3. PMID: 30445941; PMCID: PMC6240263. [10] Aluri V. and Dillion, J.S. 2017, "Biochemical Testing in Neuroendocrine Tumors", Endocrinology & Metabolism Clinics of North America, [11] Polee, I.N. et al. 2022, "Long-term survival in patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: A population-based study", European Journal of Cancer, Volume 172, 2022, Pages 252-263, ISSN 0959-8049, • Krasnovskaya et al. Recent Advances in 64Cu/67Cu-Based Radiopharmaceuticals. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 May 23;24(11):9154. doi: 10.3390/ijms24119154. This announcement has been authorised for release by the Executive Chairperson. View original content to download multimedia: SOURCE Clarity Pharmaceuticals Sign in to access your portfolio
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Miami Herald
a day ago
- Miami Herald
Nurse accidentally drags baby girl from hospital crib, killing her, OH mom says
On March 4, Ellieana J. Peyton was born at Nationwide Children's Hospital in Columbus, Ohio. Just 27 days later, she died after suffering a head injury from a fall at the hospital, according to the Franklin County Coroner's report. After she was born, Ellieana was placed in the NICU due to a cardiovascular disease called Cardiomyopathy, according to a GoFundMe page. Her mother Mackenzie Marshall said in a March 12 Facebook post that Ellieana had a heart surgery and everything went 'amazing.' 'Her numbers looked great, everything went great,' she said in the post. 'I'm so happy. Crying happy tears.' Then, on March 25, Marshall took to Facebook again, this time sharing that Ellieana had been injured at the hospital. 'The hospital nurse put the cords hooked to my daughter in her pocket and forgot she had the cords in her pocket and dragged my daughter out of bed when she went she said in the post. Marshall and Ellieana's dad went home to shower when they got the call that their baby was 'dropped,' the GoFundMe page said. 'She already had a 20 percent chance of life and this hospital wants to be so careless and be so dumb with a NEWBORN BABY. my baby has a fractured skull bleeding in her (expletive) head,' Marshall wrote March 26 on Facebook. 'I left for (an) hour to come take a shower and get the worst phone call no parent should ever receive when (they're) supposed to be helping her and taking care of her.' 'Due to patient privacy, we are unable to provide information about specific patients,' a spokesperson for Nationwide Children's Hospital told McClatchy News June 4 in an email. The coroner's report obtained by McClatchy News said Ellieana's injuries were caused by a fall from a crib. Her cause of death was listed as 'Congenital dilated cardiomyopathy complicated by blunt force head injuries.' The manner of death was ruled accidental. 'Ellie mommy misses you so much already, I just sat in your room and cried. Your bed's empty, your car seat was empty on the way home. This isn't real,' Marshall wrote on Facebook. 'I just want you back.' Ellieana's obituary said she had 'the most contagious smile that would light up the room' and brown eyes that 'you could stare into for hours.' 'You (were) a gift from God and as a gift I will cherish you for life,' her dad, Tyler Peyton, wrote on Facebook. McClatchy News reached out to Marshall for additional comments but did not hear back.
Chicago Tribune
2 days ago
- Chicago Tribune
Jim Marshall, the ‘all-time iron man' and Minnesota Vikings Purple People Eater, dies at 87
EAGAN, Minn. — Former Minnesota Vikings defensive end Jim Marshall, one of the four members of the famed Purple People Eaters front that formed the backbone of four Super Bowl teams, died Tuesday after a long hospitalization for an undisclosed illness. He was 87. The Vikings announced Marshall's death on behalf of his wife, Susan. The native of Kentucky, who played at Ohio State and was drafted in 1960 by the Cleveland Browns, played 19 of his 20 NFL seasons in Minnesota. The two-time Pro Bowl pick set a league record for position players with 282 consecutive regular-season games played, a mark Marshall held until quarterback Brett Favre broke it, coincidentally, with the Vikings in 2010. 'No player in Vikings history lived the ideals of toughness, camaraderie and passion more than the all-time iron man,' Vikings owners Mark Wilf and Zygi Wilf said in a statement the team distributed. 'A cornerstone of the franchise from the beginning, Captain Jim's unmatched durability and quiet leadership earned the respect of teammates and opponents throughout his 20-year career. 'Jim led by example, and there was no finer example for others to follow. His impact on the Vikings was felt long after he left the field. Jim will always be remembered as a tremendous player and person. Our hearts are with his wife, Susan, and all of Jim's loved ones.' Though the NFL didn't officially track sacks until 1982, Pro Football Reference recently completed a retroactive compilation of the primary pass-rushing statistic and credited Marshall with 130½ sacks, which is tied for 22nd all time. Two other Purple People Eaters rank ahead of him: Hall of Famers Alan Page (148½, eighth) and Carl Eller (133½, tied for 18th). Marshall remains the NFL's career record holder, tied with Jason Taylor, for fumbles recovered with 29. One of those infamously came on Oct. 25, 1964, at San Francisco when, after the Vikings forced the 49ers' Billy Kilmer to cough up the ball, Marshall scooped it up and scampered 66 yards into the end zone — the wrong way. After he tossed the ball in the air and turned toward the touchdown celebration he was expecting with his teammates, Marshall stopped in his tracks and put his hands on his hips in disbelief upon realizing he had cost his team a safety. The Vikings went on to win 27-22. 'It took a lot of guts for me to go back on that field because I took football very seriously and I had made the biggest mistake that you could probably make,' Marshall once said in an interview with NFL Films for a segment on the NFL's worst plays. Marshall took the gaffe in stride, a graciousness made easier by his stature on the team and within the league. Long a favorite of hard-nosed coach Bud Grant, Marshall played through the 1979 season, his final game coming two weeks before his 42nd birthday. 'Maybe we've taken it for granted that Jim Marshall plays hurt,' Grant said after Marshall announced his retirement. 'But durability is the most important ability you have. You can't achieve greatness without durability, and that is personified in Jim Marshall. 'He has been hurt. But he doesn't break. He bends. He heals. He has a high pain threshold. Jim not only plays hurt, he plays as well when he's hurt as when he isn't. That's what's important.' After Favre broke Marshall's record of 270 consecutive regular-season starts in 2009, the Vikings invited Marshall to their practice facility to speak to the players. He was asked in an interview session with reporters what he thought about a quarterback overtaking his prized mark. 'He's the guy we were trying to hurt,' Marshall said with a laugh. 'Every defensive lineman that he plays against is trying to hurt him. That's a tough way to earn a living.' Marshall's determination and longevity took its physical toll, like many of his peers from an era when player safety and injury prevention were minimal. In an interview with the Minnesota Star Tribune in 2017, Marshall recounted his long list of post-career surgeries on his knees, ankles, hips, shoulders, back, neck, heart, eyes and ears. 'I didn't quite accomplish all the things I wanted to, but I sure tried,' Marshall said. 'I sacrificed. I gave it my best shot.'
