
Sudan's army drives paramilitaries out of Omdurman
KHARTOUM: Sudan's regular army has driven rival paramilitaries from Omdurman, part of the Sudanese capital, securing all of Khartoum state nearly two months after recapturing the capital's center.
'Khartoum state is completely free of rebels,' military spokesman Nabil Abdallah said on Tuesday.
The army has been locked in a brutal conflict with the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces since April 2023. In its biggest victory of the war, the army recaptured central Khartoum in March, forcing the paramilitaries to retreat to Salha, south of Omdurman, and Ombada to the west.
The army attacked on Monday to push the paramilitaries out of both, and there were explosions from the clashes across the city. Control of Khartoum state cements army control over central Sudan, pushing the paramilitaries back toward their stronghold in the vast western region of Darfur.
The conflict has killed up to 150,000 people, displaced 13 million and created the world's worst humanitarian crisis. It has also effectively split Sudan in two, with the army holding the center, north and east while the Rapid Support Forces control Darfur and the south.
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These nations, already burdened with fragile health systems and limited resources, are now under immense strain as they attempt to care for large numbers of malnourished and sick refugees. Infectious diseases like cholera, which thrive in overcrowded and unsanitary conditions, pose a serious threat to regional public health. The breakdown in immunization coverage could result in the cross-border spread of measles and polio, undermining years of health progress in the region. Moreover, the protracted instability in Sudan risks destabilizing the entire Horn of Africa, a region already vulnerable to political fragmentation, insurgency and environmental stress. The global implications of Sudan's health emergency are equally urgent. The ongoing collapse of Sudan's health system and the humanitarian vacuum it creates serve as a dire warning about the fragility of global health security. As we have seen with past pandemics and regional crises, diseases that emerge or expand in one part of the world can quickly spread beyond borders, especially when response efforts are delayed or under-resourced. Moreover, the normalization of attacks on healthcare workers and facilities during armed conflict threatens the sanctity of international humanitarian law. If such violations continue with impunity in Sudan, they could set a precedent for future conflicts, eroding the principles that protect civilians and aid workers globally. The lack of a coordinated international response not only reflects a failure of political will, it also undermines collective commitments to global health and human rights. What is urgently needed is a decisive, coordinated and sustained international response. The first and most pressing step is the implementation of an immediate ceasefire. 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Beyond these urgent interventions, the international community must work in collaboration with the African Union, the Intergovernmental Authority on Development and key regional actors to forge a pathway toward a permanent ceasefire and political resolution. This includes building upon the Jeddah Declaration, which was signed in May 2023 under the auspices of the US and Saudi Arabia. The declaration outlined commitments by both warring parties to protect civilians, allow humanitarian access and refrain from targeting civilian infrastructure. Though the declaration has largely been violated, it remains one of the few frameworks for negotiation that has gained international recognition. Revitalizing the Jeddah process, expanding the number of mediating parties and ensuring local community representation are vital steps toward lasting peace. Without a stable political solution, humanitarian aid alone will never be sufficient. In conclusion, Sudan's health crisis has reached a catastrophic stage and the situation demands the world's immediate and undivided attention. The country's healthcare system is not merely under stress — it is actively disintegrating. Millions are at risk of dying not only from bullets and bombs but from preventable diseases and starvation. The consequences of inaction will reverberate far beyond Sudan's borders, threatening regional health, stability and security. The international community must act now — decisively and urgently — to implement a ceasefire, open health corridors and reengage in meaningful diplomacy. Failure to do so will not only doom millions in Sudan but will mark yet another tragic instance of global neglect in the face of a preventable disaster. • Dr. Majid Rafizadeh is a Harvard-educated Iranian American political scientist. X: @Dr_Rafizadeh