St George's Day: Who was England's patron saint?
Every year on 23 April, many people across England celebrate the country's patron saint, St George.Patron saints are chosen as special protectors or guardians over all areas of life.England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland all have their own patron saints.
St George isn't just the patron saint for England.He also holds this position for Aragon, Catalonia, Georgia, Lithuania, Palestine, Portugal, Germany, Greece, Moscow, Istanbul, Genoa and Venice (second to Saint Mark).
Who was Saint George?
Very little is actually known about George, and there are a lot of stories about him that are full of myth and legend.It is believed he was born in a place called Cappadocia - an area which is now in Turkey - and he lived during the 3rd century.His parents were Christians, and, after his father died, his mother took George to live in the Middle East, where she was originally from.George became a Roman soldier but protested against how badly Rome treated Christian people.
He was put in prison and tortured because of this, but he refused to turn away from his religious beliefs. He was eventually executed.It is said that the Roman Emperor's wife was so impressed by how George did not give up his faith that she became a Christian too.It is believed that she was executed in the same way George had been.
What is the St George's Cross and what does it represent?
The flag of Saint George is a red cross on a white background.It's England's national flag and you may have seen it used to represent teams in sports like football, cricket and rugby. It's also incorporated into the Union Flag, which is also known as the Union Jack (the UK's flag).The cross of St George was joined with the cross of St Andrew in 1606 to create the Union Jack.
What about the dragon?
One story many people think of when St George's name is mentioned is that of him slaying a dragon.This story became popular when it was printed in 1483 in a book called The Golden Legend.Legend has it that George came to a city called Silene, in a country called Libya, where there was a dragon.The people of the city were feeding sheep to the dragon every day to stop it from attacking them - but they ran out of sheep.
So they had to nominate people from the town to be sacrificed to the animal.When the king's daughter was selected, he tried to protect her - but the people of the town refused, saying that if they were expected to sacrifice their loved ones to the dragon, why shouldn't he?George came across the princess waiting to be sacrificed to the dragon, and she told him what was happening in the town.The dragon turned up, and George is said to have fought with the dragon and captured it, putting a collar round its neck.The princess led the defeated dragon into the city, and people were terrified when they saw it. George told them not to worry and to put their faith in God.The town converted to Christianity, and eventually the dragon was killed.
Why is St George the patron saint of England?
One thing that we do know about St George is that he wasn't actually English. It is even believed that he may never have stepped foot in the country.Some people have actually campaigned for St Edmund to be the patron of England, as they believe he is more English and more suitable for the title, but the country's patron saint has not been changed.Back in the 14th century, King Edward III (1327-77) was so inspired by tales of King Arthur and his knights that he founded something called the Order of the Garter around 1348. The Order of the Garter was a special group of knights (and it still exists today).He made St George the patron of this Order and its badge depicts George slaying the dragon, so St George remains an important symbol of knighthood.
St George's Chapel was built at Windsor Castle by Edward IV and Henry VII and made the official chapel for the Order of the Garter.English soldiers also used to wear the cross of St George on their fronts and backs.From the 14th century, Saint George came to be regarded as a special protector of the English.
How is St George's Day celebrated?
Normally there are traditional parades and celebrations like fetes, church services and traditional English activities like Morris dancing.Maybe you could decorate your home, or if you're feeling really crafty, make some flag bunting from pieces of paper.
Perhaps you could draw a picture of St George or his flag to put in your window for other children to spot.You could also dress up as a character from one of the legends surrounding St George, maybe as a knight or a dragon.
St George's Day celebrations around the world
St George's Day celebrations don't just happen in the UK. In Spain, people exchange books and roses with one another, while a whole lamb is roasted for a special feast in Bulgaria.There are lots of celebrations in Brazil including fireworks and people eat a traditional stew called feijoada which is made with black beans. In Croatia, celebrations include singing and dancing, and bonfires are also lit.
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Daily Mail
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'The ship was then towed to Gibraltar for repairs before heading to Portsmouth where she arrived on December 18, two months after the battle. 'There is a painting of Royal Sovereign in her opening engagement against the Santa Ana and it shows the Union Flag flying. 'Because it was unusual to fly the flag in battle most depictions don't include it, but the artist John Wilson Carmichael was a stickler for accuracy. 'At some point after the battle Charles Aubrey Antram took the flag as a memento - a common occurrence. 'It passed down his family who came to believe it had been flown at the Battle of the Nile, but the design of the flag shows this can't have been the case. 'It entered private ownership about 20 years ago and I have helped research its history to prove that it is indeed a Trafalgar flag. 'Of the three flags that survive this is arguable the most important because it was flown from the Royal Sovereign, a 100-gun first rate ship of the line that was first into battle.' Nelson, who urged his men to 'do their duty', was shot dead by a French sniper while masterminding his greatest triumph. The Treasure House Fair takes place at Royal Chelsea Hospital in London from June 26 to July 1. Battle of Trafalgar: Epic sea clash that laid foundations for Britain's global power - and claimed the life of Lord Admiral Nelson Fought on October 21, 1805, the Battle of Trafalgar is one of history's most epic sea clashes. Not only did it see Britain eliminate the most serious threat to security in 200 years, but it also saw the death of British naval hero Admiral Lord Nelson. This was not before his high-risk, but acutely brave strategy won arguably the most decisive victory in the Napoleonic wars. Nelson's triumph gave Britain control of the seas and laid the foundation for Britain's global power for more than a century. Despite signing a peace treaty in 1803, the two nations were at war and fought each other in seas around the world. 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