‘Watch your step' — Are land mines making a comeback?
The first recorded use of pressure-activated land mines was by the Confederate army in 1862 during the Civil War. Union soldiers thought they were barbarous, cowardly weapons — but by the 20th century, they were everywhere.
Land mines defined combat in both World War I and World War II, and were a major part of war plans during the Cold War. But the 1997 Ottawa Treaty began to remove them from stockpiles across 163 nations that signed it. But even as they faded from military inventories, land mines left behind by previous conflicts created ever higher casualties among civilians, long after battlefields returned to peaceful use.
But with the Russian invasion of Ukraine, countries across Europe with Russian borders, like Poland and Finland, see land mines in their future as well as their past. And North and South Korea were never part of past agreements, and their border remains heavily mined.
On this week's Task & Purpose video, Thom Tran explores the history of land mines and their vital, problematic role on the battlefield today.
Each week, on Tuesdays and Fridays, Task & Purpose will be bringing in military veterans to host segments on different topics. These will range from breakdowns of tactics and doctrine to explainers on new tech and weapons systems, but each will be researched, reported and reviewed by the journalists on the Task & Purpose team. As with the stories we cover on the website, these videos will look at these topics from a rank-and-file perspective. This means they'll aim to answer questions such as: Why does this matter to a junior service member about to deploy to [name a country], or who will have to use [name a weapon system] or deal with [name a problem or threat].
If you enjoyed this week's video, please hop on over to our YouTube channel and follow the team there.
And if you have suggestions for future topics our video team can cover, please hop in the comments and let us know.
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Navy Admiral On Pete Hegseth Renaming Harvey Milk Ship: ‘I Don't Agree With It'
WASHINGTON – Retired Navy Adm. James Stavridis said Friday that he disagrees with Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth ordering the Navy to take the rare step of renaming the USNS Harvey Milk because Milk was gay. 'I am scratching my head about renaming the USS USNS … Harvey Milk,' Stavridis said on SiriusXM's 'The Michael Smerconish Program.' 'Because Harvey Milk was gay, we all know that. But today, gay sailors serve openly and with a great deal of pride in the U.S. military. I know many who are gay and are very competent, war-fighting sailors,' Stavridis said. 'So when [the] secretary of defense says, 'Hey, I'm renaming this in order to restore the warrior ethos,' I just don't get that at all.' Milk, who was a San Francisco politician in the 1970s and the first openly gay man elected to public office in California, served in the Navy for four years during the Korean War. He was forced to resign in 1955 rather than face a court-martial for being gay. A trailblazer in the LGBTQ+ community, Milk was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2012 and honored with a Navy ship named after him in 2016. Hegseth's order is unusual, and its timing — coinciding with Pride Month in June — was intentional, per a report. Asked for comment about Hegseth timing his order with Pride Month, a Defense Department spokesperson shared a statement from chief Pentagon spokesman Sean Parnell that didn't actually answer the question. 'Secretary Hegseth is committed to ensuring that the names attached to all DOD installations and assets are reflective of the Commander-in-Chief's priorities, our nation's history, and the warrior ethos. Any potential renaming(s) will be announced after internal reviews are complete,' Parnell said in his statement. Asked again for comment on the timing of Hegseth's order to remove Milk's name from the Navy ship, the Defense Department spokesperson said only, 'I do not have any additional information to provide.' Stavridis, who served as the commander of the U.S. Southern Command from 2006 to 2009, and as commander of the U.S. European Command and NATO Supreme Allied Commander Europe from 2009 to 2013, recounted how gay soldiers have served in militaries for centuries. 'I'm Greek American. Arguably the greatest general in history, Alexander the Great, was gay,' Stavridis said. 'And oh, by the way, [gay] people serve at the highest level of the U.S. Cabinet today, like secretary of the treasury, who I think is doing a pretty good job with a tough hand of cards. [Scott] Bessent is openly gay.' 'So I don't get it on why we need to rename this ship, this moment, and also to do it during Pride Month,' he added. 'Just as kind of a shot across the bow. … I don't agree with it.' Someone else who doesn't agree with this is former longtime House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.), who tore into Hegseth over the move. 'The reported decision by the Trump Administration to change the names of the USNS Harvey Milk and other ships in the John Lewis-class is a shameful, vindictive erasure of those who fought to break down barriers for all to chase the American Dream,' Pelosi said in a statement. 'Our military is the most powerful in the world — but this spiteful move does not strengthen our national security or the 'warrior' ethos,' she said. Gay, lesbian and bisexual people have been openly serving in the U.S. military since 2011, when President Barack Obama signed a bill into law repealing the military's 'don't ask, don't tell' policy. President Joe Biden lifted a ban on transgender people openly serving in the military in 2021, but President Donald Trump reinstated the ban this year.
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‘Find and destroy' – how Ukraine's own Peaky Blinders mastered the art of bomber drones
Editor's note: In accordance with the security protocols of the Ukrainian military, soldiers featured in this story are identified by first names and callsigns only. DONETSK OBLAST – From the moment the vehicles duck into pre-prepared positions in the leafy treeline to the first dead Russian soldiers, less than twenty minutes pass. \With the morning sun steadily rising after the team of six complete their short commute to work, the equipment is set up in a clockwork-like rhythm: long telescopic antennas are raised to just peak out of the treeline and sway in the light wind, cables are unravelled, and camping chairs are laid out so the men can work in absolute comfort. Out of heavy-duty plastic travel cases emerge the soldiers' weapons of choice: DJI Mavic drones, available all over the world in shops and of the kind used by civilian video bloggers and aerial photographers everywhere. Here in Donetsk Oblast, just west of the embattled city of Pokrovsk and only a few kilometers away from Russian positions, lost time means missed opportunities to stop the enemy creeping forward to Ukrainian lines. When your unit is consistently deployed to the hottest parts of the front line to do exactly that, every minute counts. Commander Oleksandr 'Zalizniak' is the first to fly out, with an unassuming little munition strapped to the bottom of his Mavic. Zalizniak leads an elite Ukrainian drone unit known as the Peaky Blinders, named after the hit television show which inspired the group's custom-made camouflage flat caps that they often wear on positions. The unit was formed from a group of friends from Kharkiv, Ukraine's second-largest city, and its surrounds. Consisting of businessmen, lawyers, local officials, and IT specialists, Peaky Blinders now serve under the banner of the Omega special operations unit of Ukraine's National Guard. Although they also use the more well-known first-person view (FPV) drones, the Peaky Blinders' specialty is the use of Mavics as bomber drones to target expendable Russian foot soldiers, which have become the core of Moscow's assault tactics in Ukraine. The Kyiv Independent spent a full day embedded with the unit in late April. Low on battery and needing to return soon if he doesn't hit a target, Zalizniak spots movement in a treeline with thin foliage cover – two Russian troops, carrying something large between them. As commander and the most experienced Mavic pilot, it doesn't take long for Zalizniak to close in on his target, hovering over 50 meters above as he releases the bomb with the push of a button. The result is spectacular: a red-hot fireball bursts out of the large item carried by the Russian soldiers, which turned out to be a fuel canister. Both infantrymen, wounded from the blast itself, are quickly engulfed in flames. The drone lingers to watch their last moments, burning alive among the trees on another country's soil. 'Look at the two of them, they burned up at work,' says the commander with the wry small and dark humor that only someone who does his kind of job could have. Without enough battery to return, Zalizniak's drone is lost, but it's a small price to pay for what was achieved, as those two soldiers' journey toward Ukrainian lines was ended, forever. 'The protection of our infantry is our main driving ideology and our motivation, so that as many of them as possible will one day return home' he said. 'The way I see it, for this whole war, we haven't actually killed anyone, instead we have saved hundreds of lives.' Read also: Russia pushes forward in Donetsk Oblast, threatening Ukrainian pocket around Toretsk After the initial adrenaline of the double hit on the Russian infantryman, the Peaky Blinders find time for a morning coffee and settle into the simple routine that will continue for the rest of the day: change batteries and attach bombs, fly out, look for the enemy, drop bombs, return, and repeat. Looking at the team spread out among the treeline, it is immediately clear that this is no ordinary drone unit. Instead of a dugout, they prefer to work from camping chairs out in the fresh air, especially when weather allows. More strikingly, nobody is watching the live reconnaissance streams of the front line that have become ubiquitous in every Ukrainian drone team or command post. Instead, the team consists solely of those who fly drones and those who arm them. In their eyes, there is no need for more; the Peaky Blinders' philosophy is underpinned by their motto: To find and destroy. Compared to the work of a standard strike FPV team, where a target is first found by reconnaissance teams, only after which a drone is sent out to hit it, this unit does both on the same flight, giving them the ability to strike immediately after spotting an enemy soldier. 'We made our own antennas with amplification, and we can now fly out 8–9 kilometers,' said Zalizniak. 'Thanks to that, we're getting a big result — we're flying into their rear, where they don't expect to see us. But because of that, we're also losing drones.' After moving positions before lunch due to neighboring electronic warfare activity disrupting their work, the four pilots once again fly out into the Russian rear, but in the midday heat, the Russian soldiers are nowhere to be seen out and about. Often, Zalizniak told the Kyiv Independent, when conditions are too good for drone flying, Russian soldiers stay put in basements or other forms of cover. When targets are less keen to come out into the open, one of the most important skills of any aspiring Mavic bomber pilot becomes spotting even the slightest movement on the screen of their remote control. Unlike the cheap cameras on expendable FPV drones, Mavic drones are equipped with high-definition cameras, and some have significant zoom abilities, making them the perfect tool for such joint reconnaissance/bomber missions. "This is where I find creativity,' said pilot Maksym 'Mytrych.' 'Right here — in the very process of fighting the enemy. It's incredibly interesting — how to approach, from which side. For me, it's like a kind of dance." These Russian assaults represent fresh attempts by Moscow to deepen the pincers around the embattled city of Pokrovsk, which has been the central hotspot of the front line since last autumn. East of Pokrovsk, after a period of stability over early spring, Russian forces broke across the Pokrovsk-Kostiantynivka highway, creating a threatening salient that continues to be expanded. Here on the western flank of the city however, Moscow has much less success, stuck just a few kilometers east of the border with Dnipropetrovsk Oblast. But, according to commander Zalizniak, this is not for a lack of trying. 'The enemy has been very active since we've been working here and has been carrying out assaults the whole time,' he said. 'Sometimes they were weaker, sometimes stronger, but they have been happening constantly — from morning to evening, and even at night.' Small, nimble, and easy to deploy quickly, the Peaky Blinders are consistently deployed to some of the hottest sectors of the front line, specialized as they are in repelling enemy infantry assaults. Before being deployed to Donetsk Oblast in the fall of 2024, they played a crucial role in bogging down Russia's surprise cross-border offensive on Kharkiv Oblast, headed for the city that the unit was formed to defend in the first place. Now, with Russian forces increasingly relying on waves of squad-level infantry attacks to overwhelm overstretched Ukrainian lines, their work is crucial in keeping key sectors stable. In conditions of an ever-deepening crisis in infantry strength across the Ukrainian military, it has become more important than ever to eliminate Russian assault groups with drones and artillery long before they reach Ukrainian positions. Over five days of the group's work near Pokrovsk in spring, according to Zalizniak, the Peaky Blinders stopped 106 enemy soldiers in their tracks; numbers higher than most entire specialized drone battalions in standard Ukrainian brigades, achieved by a team of only six in the field. On top of their unique team set-up the Peaky Blinders have one more trick up their sleeve that sets their work above most. Often, bomb-dropping squads arm their Mavics with hand grenades or grenade launcher roads, but, seeing the need for a more effective munition, the unit collaborated with a local manufacturer to produce the gruesomely named Foot Crusher. Deceptively light but packed with hundreds of small metal balls, the bomb usually does enough damage to stop a Russian soldier in their tracks, even if the drop does not land a direct hit. Read also: 'He's mine' – How Ukraine's ace drone unit hunts Russian soldiers near Kupiansk As the day goes on, moments with the sound of a drone above — whether a Mavic, FPV, or larger fixed-wing drone — not present are few and far between. Most are friendly, but if there is any doubt, the team quickly drops what they are doing, grabbing their rifles and portable electronic warfare units to face down the enemy threat. Around 3 p.m. comes an attack from weapons that can not be shot down or evaded — glide bombs. The first group lands further away, but the second is aimed right at the treeline. 'Everyone in the trench!' yells Zalizniak, as the team ducks for cover, 'and don't forget to start recording!' The explosions — three of them — tear through the air and send ripples through the ground as the soldiers wait for the all clear. Taking shelter in a narrow trench, Artem 'Deputat,' who today is responsible for preparing the Foot Crushers, takes a moment to go over the videos recorded from the day's work so far. 'That's it, he's wounded for sure,' he says, watching the recording of a hit on a Russian soldier. This time, it's the handiwork of Dmytro 'Advokat' ('Lawyer' in Ukrainian), who was a lawyer in Kharkiv in civilian life and now continues to run a large volunteer operation alongside his service. '100% . Look, he froze — see?,' said Deputat, watching the playback. 'My hands are shaking from happiness.' After a successful hit, the team makes sure to save the video to post to their unit's social media accounts later. With their trademark flat caps, endearing back story, and proof of effective work, the Peaky Blinders have developed an unmistakable brand as a unit, recently launching an online merchandise store where anyone can buy hoodies and tee-shirts emblazoned with the unit's logo and pictures of the iconic Foot Crusher. As gruesome as they can be, videos of drone hits have become a key part of the information fabric of this war on both sides. This macabre collection of greatest hits fulfils several purposes: proof of the unit's effective work attracts donations for drones and supplies, gives a morale boost for viewers all over Ukraine, and shows the real fate of Russians who enlist to make a quick buck. Compared to the more common FPV footage circulating the net, recordings from Mavics come with the advantage of the high-quality image, making it possible to make out the whites in the eyes of Russian soldiers in the last moments of their lives. 'One Russian sent a video (to the unit's account) and wrote, 'Hi, that's me in the video,'' recalled Zalizniak, 'he recognized himself in the footage — he was seriously wounded there. According to Zalizniak, the Russian soldier was from a 'Storm V' unit, made of convicts from the Russian prison system often coerced into service as expendable assault troops with a promise of a pardon. 'He was injured and became disabled afterwards, but he thanked our pilot for giving him a 'white ticket' (exemption from service), and for not finishing him off,' he added. Read also: As Russia's fiber optic drones flood the battlefield, Ukraine is racing to catch up On the horizon to the south, dark clouds begin to unload rain as the day's work slowly comes to an end. While Mytrych, Deputat and the others begin packing up, Zalizniak and Advokat continue flying until the last possible moments: dusk tends to be the time for increased Russian activity as Ukrainian drone teams transition from day to night shifts. While most drone units often spend several days at position at a time before resting, the Peaky Blinders commute in and out on a daily basis, laser-focused on their specialized task of bombing Russian soldiers by day. While they don't have to sleep out in the field, the routine is exhausting in its own way, but worth it, said Deputat. 'Whether you like it or not, the main thing is that you see the result of this work,' he said. 'You see your comrades who are devoted to this task, and you realize that you're all focused on one shared, effective outcome that you're achieving together.' On the drive back to their base in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, the team crosses open fields that will remain unplanted and unharvested this summer. Their vehicles are protected with electronic warfare devices for the short but deadly drive, but now, with the advent of unjammable Russian fiber optic drones, they always have to keep an eye out for hunters in the air. With Russian advances gaining pace across key sectors of the front line over May and into June, soldiers here have little faith in renewed attempts to reach at least a ceasefire through negotiations. Instead, said Deputat, groups like the Peaky Blinders see clearly that the only real efforts for peace are forged by their own hands, by stopping Russia here on the battlefield. 'In truth, I've come to understand one golden essence and truth: decisions aren't made back there in offices — they're made here, on the ground, locally,' he said, 'that's the objective truth of the modern world.' 'I want peace, but seeing the efforts made for the so-called resolution of the conflict, I don't see that peace.' You can watch the video version of this story here: Hi, this is Francis Farrell, the author of this piece. With the increasing saturation of drones in the sky, I can't say for sWe could just stay in Kyiv and report from there, but we go to the war regularly, to bring it back to you before it comes knocking on your door for real. We've been working hard to bring you independent, locally-sourced news from Ukraine. Consider supporting the Kyiv Independent.
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Trump's Pentagon keeps sending destroyers that fought in the Red Sea to the US southern border — a fourth one is on its way
The Defense Department is sending another destroyer, USS Cole, to the southern border mission. Cole is the latest destroyer to go from the Red Sea conflict to America's backyard. The warship is one of the many military assets the White House has sent to the US-Mexico border. A fourth US Navy destroyer that participated in the Red Sea conflict is on its way to support President Donald Trump's southern border mission, bringing a range of advanced naval combat capabilities to a very different operating environment. The Navy announced Friday that the Arleigh Burke-class destroyer USS Cole had left its homeport in Florida to support US Northern Command's "border security objectives." The Trump administration has made cracking down on maritime-related criminal activity, including weapons smuggling, drug trafficking, and illegal immigration, a top priority, and the Defense Department has sent military assets to the US-Mexico border. Among these assets are five destroyers and a littoral combat ship on staggered deployments. Cole, like the other warships, is set to be accompanied by a US Coast Guard Law Enforcement Detachment. They specialize in military operations at sea, such as counterterrorism, counterpiracy, and anti-immigration missions. Arleigh Burke-class destroyers like the Cole are advanced naval surface ships with robust communications and sensor suites and are suited for long-endurance missions. These vessels can be armed with surface-to-air and land-attack missiles. Other armaments include the ship's five-inch deck gun, machine guns, and a Phalanx Close-In Weapons System. The Navy said that the Cole's deployment to the southern border "aims to enhance maritime security and support interagency collaboration in the region through presence operations" and the support of the Coast Guard operators, who can perform vessel boardings, searches, and seizures to target drug trafficking, illegal immigration, and maritime criminal activity. Cole's new assignment makes it the latest destroyer to go from the Red Sea conflict, where it defended international shipping lanes from attacks by Iran-backed Houthi rebels, to patrolling the waters near the US-Mexico border. It follows in the footsteps of USS Gravely, USS Stockdale, and USS Spruance, which all had extensive Middle East deployments last year. When the Cole arrives in the Gulf of Mexico, which the Trump administration has renamed the Gulf of America, it will be one of two destroyers actively participating in the mission. The other warship, USS Sampson, departed its homeport in San Diego a few days ago and will be operating in the Pacific Ocean. Read the original article on Business Insider
