Fasting in Extreme Climates: How Muslims Adapt

Observer

23-03-2025

Fasting, one of the five pillars of Islam, embodies profound spiritual devotion and self-discipline. From dawn until sunset, Muslims refrain from food and drink, yet for many, these fundamental practices come with immense challenges in regions characterised by extreme climates. Whether it be the sweltering heat of the Gulf states or the exceedingly long daylight hours of the Arctic, these believers navigate environments that test their resilience and commitment to their faith.
In certain regions, the challenges posed by fasting can be quite significant. In countries near the North Pole, such as Norway and Sweden, the sun can remain above the horizon for over 19 hours during the summer months. This results in fasting hours that are extraordinarily long, necessitating a careful approach to nutrition and hydration. Conversely, in the Gulf states, where temperatures frequently exceed 45 degrees Celsius, the risk of dehydration becomes a key concern for those observing the fast.
The experience of fasting varies markedly depending on geographical conditions. In regions with extended daylight, fatigue can become overwhelming as individuals struggle to replenish essential nutrients and fluids within a short window. Similarly, in hot climates, excessive sweating from the body's natural cooling processes can lead to dehydration, dizziness, and heat exhaustion, making adherence to fasting a real test of both physical and spiritual endurance.
To combat these hardships, Muslims employ various strategies tailored to their specific environments. In areas with long days, individuals often stagger their activities throughout the day to mitigate fatigue. Meanwhile, in hotter climates, emphasis is placed on consuming hydrating foods during Suhoor, the pre-dawn meal. Fresh fruits and vegetables help maintain hydration levels throughout the fasting hours.
In Oman and the Gulf states, Muslims often minimise daytime physical exertion, preferring to undertake strenuous tasks after sunset. Many seek refuge in air-conditioned spaces or shade to shield themselves from the harsh sun, adapting their fasting rituals to safeguard their health and well-being.
For example, Mohammed Al Balushi, a scholarship student residing in Oregon, shares, 'Fasting for over 18 hours is a significant challenge, but I focus on nutritious meals for Suhoor, opting for items like oats, nuts, and yogurt that keep my energy levels stable.' He relies on Islamic applications to track prayer and fasting times, particularly important in places without mosques. Despite the formidable challenges of prolonged fasting, he believes it enhances his patience and willpower, prompting him to arrange his day to ensure sufficient rest after Suhoor.
Similarly, Maryam Al Hanaei, studying in Canada, discusses her experience: 'Balancing studying with fasting, especially during exams, poses its own challenges. I schedule time to sleep after Suhoor and allocate periods specifically for studying. The local Muslim community is incredibly supportive, often organising group Iftars. During the day, I avoid caffeinated drinks, which can lead to dehydration, and I ensure to drink plenty of water during Iftar. For Suhoor, I choose slow-digesting foods such as eggs and brown bread, which keep me satiated for longer.'
Nutrition specialist Dr Reem Al Zaabi underscores that proper nutrition during Ramadhan is essential for those fasting in challenging climates. She advises that people in hot regions consume foods high in water content, like cucumbers and watermelons, while avoiding salty items that can stimulate thirst. Remaining hydrated between Iftar and Suhoor is crucial for replenishing lost fluids.
General medicine specialist Dr Sami Al Balushi suggests that individuals fasting in hot climates limit sun exposure and reduce strenuous physical activities during the day. If outdoor activity is necessary, he recommends wearing light-coloured clothing and using hats or umbrellas for protection against the sun's direct rays.
The Role of Technology and Modern Techniques
In the modern world, technology significantly aids Muslims in navigating the difficulties of fasting under extreme conditions. Applications such as "Prayer Times" and "Islamic Times" provide precise information regarding Suhoor and Iftar timings, especially helpful in areas with drastically changing day lengths. Social media platforms and online resources further offer essential dietary guidance, stressing the importance of consuming hydrating foods and reducing caffeine intake that can lead to dehydration.
Despite the considerable obstacles faced, Muslims remain steadfast in their commitment to fasting as an integral part of their faith and spiritual identity. This sacred act goes beyond mere abstinence; it reflects a journey towards heightened piety, patient endurance, and self-discipline. For those fasting in places like Norway and Canada, where days are particularly lengthy, the act of fasting becomes a cherished path toward spiritual growth and resilience.
Fasting in extreme climates ultimately serves as a true testament to faith. Through smart strategies related to nutrition and lifestyle, and supported by technology, those who observe this sacred practice find ways to adapt and thrive amid challenging circumstances while remaining true to their beliefs.