Prostate cancer: Dr. Sanjay Gupta answers your questions about the disease
Former President Joe Biden is one of the latest high-profile public figures to be diagnosed with prostate cancer. Dr. Sanjay Gupta answers your questions about the disease.
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Medscape
10 minutes ago
- Medscape
Antenatal Corticosteroids Safe for Child Development
A systematic review of 14 studies found that most neurodevelopmental outcomes showed no association with antenatal corticosteroids. While modest decreases were noted in nonverbal intelligence and visual memory scores, studies with a strong design showed no link to adverse development. METHODOLOGY: Researchers conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 14 studies, comprising eight randomized controlled trial follow-up studies (n = 2233) and six quasi-experimental studies (n = 277,679). Analysis utilized random-effects meta-analyses to synthesize outcomes based on blinded adjudication of appropriateness for pooling by clinical experts in child neurodevelopment. Investigators evaluated the certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology. A total of 23 neurodevelopmental outcomes were examined. TAKEAWAY: Most neurodevelopmental outcomes (19/23) showed no association with antenatal corticosteroid administration. Children exposed to antenatal corticosteroids showed modestly decreased nonverbal intelligence scores (standardized mean difference [SMD], -0.16; 95% CI, -0.32 to -0.01) and visual memory scores (SMD, -0.29; 95% CI, -0.51 to -0.07). Randomized trial follow-ups indicated a nonsignificant trend toward protective effects for general development, while quasi-experimental studies suggested increased risk. Studies with low or moderate risk for bias revealed no association between antenatal corticosteroid administration and adverse child neurodevelopment. IN PRACTICE: 'Among studies with low or moderate risk of bias, we found no association between antenatal corticosteroid administration and adverse child neurodevelopment. There is no consistent evidence that antenatal corticosteroids are associated with an increased risk of impaired childhood neurodevelopment among studies with a strong design to control for confounding,' wrote the authors of the study. SOURCE: The study was led by Jessica Liauw, MD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada. It was published online in Obstetrics & Gynecology . LIMITATIONS: Most randomized controlled trial follow-up studies had significant losses to follow-up, with the two largest studies experiencing 66% and 40% attrition rates, leading to potential selection bias. Researchers noted that few studies specifically investigated the effects of antenatal corticosteroids administered in the late preterm period, limiting understanding of the timing-specific impacts. Additionally, the authors acknowledged that sibling-comparison studies did not adequately control for differences in pregnancy complications that determine why corticosteroids were administered in one pregnancy but not another. DISCLOSURES: The study was supported by a project grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. Liauw received a Michael Smith BC Health Professional Investigator Award, and Jennifer Hutcheon, PhD, was supported by a Canada Research Chair in perinatal population health. The funders had no role in the research design or manuscript submission decisions. The authors reported no potential conflicts of interest.
The Verge
10 minutes ago
- The Verge
Ultrahuman's absurdly expensive Home monitor doesn't do much
Smart wearables company Ultrahuman has launched a new device that monitors changes in home environments that could impact your health. Ultrahuman says its $549 Home gadge t tracks air quality, temperature, noise, light, and humidity, helping users optimize the climate within their homes to improve breathing and sleeping habits. The Ultrahuman Home resembles a Mac Mini in terms of size and appearance. Its air quality features monitor levels of fine particulate matter, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and chemical pollutants like acetone and formaldehyde. The device also tracks noise levels and various types of light exposure, including UVA, UVB, UVC, blue, red, green, and infrared, to help users 'align home lighting with their body's natural rhythm,' according to Ultrahuman. Users who have an Ultrahuman Ring wearable can pair it with the Home device to unlock an 'UltraSync' feature that suggests how environmental data may be impacting heart rate, sleep, and recovery patterns. For example, Ultrahuman says that UltraSync can suggest if the user was woken during the night by elevated noise or light levels. We should note that the Ultrahuman Home won't actually address the concerns it detects. The device is equipped with sensors and microphones for monitoring environmental changes via a mobile app, but it doesn't include features like a built-in dehumidifier or air purification, and it doesn't offer any way to integrate it into smart home ecosystems. There's no recurring subscription to pay, and Ultrahuman says the 'data and insights are with the user, always.'
Medscape
11 minutes ago
- Medscape
Global Warming May Fuel Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Potential climate change scenarios could nearly double the global incidence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), based on estimates from a new study presented at American Thoracic Society (ATS) 2025 International Conference. Although high ambient temperatures have been linked to negative health outcomes including reduced sleep duration and quality, the association between increased average ambient temperatures and the severity of OSA remains unclear, wrote Bastien Lechat, PhD, a research fellow in sleep health at Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia, and colleagues, in their abstract. Previous cross-sectional studies have shown an association between temperature and OSA severity, which prompted the idea for the current study, Lechat said in an interview. 'We have access to a consumer database (125,295 users) of an FDA-cleared wearable device validated to estimate OSA severity,' he said. Given the unique nature of this dataset (with approximately 500 repeat measurements per user), the researchers believed that the data would be ideal for estimating the effect of temperature on OSA severity, he said. 'Additionally, considering the impact of obstructive sleep apnea on health and productivity, we aimed to estimate the burden associated with a potential increase in OSA prevalence due to rising temperatures, and this novel contribution from our group allowed us to quantify the societal and economic costs for different climate scenarios from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,' he noted. In their new cross-sectional study, the researchers reviewed data from 116,200 adults in 41 countries who used an FDA-approved under-mattress sensor to estimate the severity of their OSA. The dataset included a median of 509 OSA measurements per individual; these were compared against 24-hour ambient temperature data from climate models. The mean age of the study population was 49 years; 77% were men. OSA was defined as an apnea hypopnea index score ≥ 15. The prevalence of OSA ranged from 15% to 32% across the countries. Overall, temperatures in the 99th percentile vs the 25th percentile were associated with a 70% increased risk for OSA (mean odds ratio, 1.70) and a 45% increase in odds of having OSA on any given night (mean odds ratio, 1.45). The association was significant in 29 countries, including the United States and the United Kingdom, but was stronger in European countries compared to the United States or Australia. However, across the 29 countries, the increase in OSA in 2023 associated with higher temperatures was estimated to account for an average of nearly 800,000 healthy life years lost because of death or disability, as well a mean loss of $32 billion USD in workplace productivity. The researchers also developed scenarios based on projected temperature increases of at least 1.8°C or higher above pre-industrial levels. They determined that this increase would result in an additional 1.5- to 3-fold increase in the global burden of OSA by 2100. 'We were surprised by the magnitude of the association between ambient temperature and OSA severity,' Lechat told Medscape Medical News . 'The effect size was higher than in previous studies, which we believe is likely due to our longitudinal data and robust time-series analysis design. This provides support for a potential causal association between high temperature exposure and OSA severity,' he noted. Takeaways and Implications Lechat emphasized the two main findings from the study: That extreme temperatures are associated with an increased likelihood of having OSA on a given night, and the burden of OSA on society in terms of wellbeing loss and economic loss. 'To put this into context, by 2100, under the most likely climate scenario, the wellbeing burden of OSA is estimated to nearly double in most countries because of rising temperature,' Lechat told Medscape Medical News . 'These results highlight the critical urgency of limiting global warming in alignment with the Paris Agreement. Our findings also emphasize the immediate need for targeted measures to alleviate the health and economic impacts of the growing OSA prevalence associated with rising temperatures,' he said. The results highlight the urgency of limiting global warming to reduce the burden of warming-related increases in OSA prevalence, as well as the need for effective interventions to reduce the impact of high temperatures on OSA severity, said Lechat. The study findings also emphasize the importance of diagnosing and treating OSA in the community, as most of the burden stems from the high rate of undiagnosed and untreated patients, he added. The findings were limited by several factors including the cross-sectional design. 'Additionally, we had limited data from lower- and middle-income countries, so we plan to work towards collecting appropriate sleep and temperature data worldwide,' Lechat told Medscape Medical News . 'We would like to develop intervention studies to mitigate the effect of temperature on OSA, and we also would like to understand the physiological mechanisms that could explain the higher severity of OSA due to higher temperatures,' Lechat added. Informing Management of Global OSA Burden 'High ambient temperatures have been linked to reduced sleep duration, increased sleep fragmentation, and poorer sleep quality; however, the effect of rising temperatures on obstructive sleep apnea has not been studied,' said Arianne K. Baldomero, MD, a pulmonologist and assistant professor of medicine at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, in an interview. 'Investigating this relationship is important, as the global burden of OSA is already significant; with further temperature increases, we can expect this burden to grow even greater,' said Baldomero, who was not involved in the study. The difference in the magnitude of associations between European countries and the United States or Australia, with Europeans experiencing a stronger link between rising temperatures and OSA, was interesting and somewhat surprising, and warrants further investigation, Baldomero told Medscape Medical News . In the meantime, clinicians and public health officials should be aware that higher ambient temperatures are associated with increased OSA, she added. The current study highlights the importance of early diagnosis and effective management of OSA, especially during warmer periods, said Baldomero. 'Ongoing research is needed on sleep disturbances associated with these warming temperature trends,' she said. Limitations of the study included the reliance on under-mattress sensors that may not capture all OSA cases, Baldomero noted. 'Further research should explore physiological mechanisms, differences in magnitude of associations by region, and test interventions to mitigate temperature effects on OSA,' she said.
