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Nose job boom in Iran where procedure can boost social status

Nose job boom in Iran where procedure can boost social status

Yahoo08-04-2025

All of the women in Iranian model Azadeh's family have had nose surgeries, each feeling the pressure to conform with Western beauty standards in a country where female bodies are heavily policed.
To Azadeh, smoothing out the bump in what Iranians would call the "Persian nose" she was born with proved a lucrative investment.
Since the 1979 Islamic revolution, Iranian women have been required to dress modestly and cover their hair, and the beauty industry has become almost entirely centred on the face.
Having rhinoplasty -- a nose job -- can make a major difference, Azadeh told AFP.
"After the operation, not only have I earned myself a modelling job with better social standing but I'm also earning three times more and I'm more respected by clients," she said.
Azadeh, 29, asked that her surname be withheld because women models can face social pressure in Iran.
According to the US-based International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS), more than 264,000 cosmetic operations were performed in Iran in 2023, with rhinoplasty being the most common.
- A cultural trend -
Across Tehran and other Iranian cities, brightly coloured billboards advertise beauty clinics and cosmetic procedures, offering promises of sculpted noses, flawless skin and perfect teeth.
Many people with bandaged noses can be seen on the streets, a testament to the popularity of rhinoplasty.
"It has become more of a cultural trend," said rhinoplasty surgeon Hamidreza Hosnani who performs up to 20 operations a week at his well-equipped clinic in the capital.
And that trend has evolved, becoming more and more tied to social identity and status, especially as more women have defied the strict dress code.
Such defiance became more marked following the mass protests sparked by the 2022 death in custody of 22-year-old Iranian Kurd Mahsa Amini.
In Iran, where the minimum wage is around $100, basic rhinoplasty costs up to $1,000 -- significantly cheaper than in other countries, Hosnani said.
Millions of Iranians have long struggled with soaring prices and a plunging currency, driven in part by years of international sanctions.
"I even had to borrow the money required for the operation from my friends and family, but the money was well spent, and it was completely worth it," Azadeh said.
Reyhaneh Khoshhali, a 28-year-old surgical assistant, had the operation four years ago, and regrets not having it sooner.
"My nose really did not look good aesthetically and I wanted to be more beautiful," she said.
"If I could go back, I would have had the operation earlier."
- Unauthorised clinics -
For years, Iran has hosted highly advanced medical centres, even becoming a destination for foreigners seeking high-quality and affordable cosmetic surgery.
However, the procedures can also come with risks.
The Iranian authorities have repeatedly warned about the growing number of unauthorised clinics performing cosmetic procedures.
In February, a dozen unlicenced practitioners were arrested and several operating theatres in Tehran's Apadana Hospital were closed because of unauthorised cosmetic procedures, the health ministry said.
In 2023, three women died in a single day -- November 7 -- during cosmetic surgery in three separate incidents in Tehran, media reported at the time.
Ava Goli has yet to undergo her rhinoplasty operation, and said that finding a reliable doctor involved some research.
"I saw some people whose nose job did not look good... and yeah, it really made me scared at times," the 23-year-old told AFP.
Yet the demand for cosmetic surgery in Iran remains high -- and the pressure to keep up is not limited to women.
Bahador Sayyadi, a 33-year-old accountant, said he had to borrow money so he could have a hair transplant.
"My financial situation isn't great, but thanks to a loan I got recently, I will be doing the procedure just in time before my wedding," he said.
"Men should also take care of themselves these days, just like women."
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Feeling antsy in your legs at bedtime? This condition may be to blame
Feeling antsy in your legs at bedtime? This condition may be to blame

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timean hour ago

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Feeling antsy in your legs at bedtime? This condition may be to blame

Sign up for CNN's Sleep, But Better newsletter series. Our seven-part guide has helpful hints to achieve better sleep. Karla Dzienkowski's daughter was 11 when she started coming into her mom's room at night saying she couldn't fall asleep because of a stabbing feeling in her legs. She had to walk to make it stop. The preteen became cranky and tired. Her grades started to slip, and she even fell asleep on a bench during a family trip to an amusement park, Dzienkowski said. It took three years, but Dzienkowski's family finally got an explanation for the girl's condition: restless legs syndrome. One study estimates 4% to 29% of adults in Western industrialized countries have restless legs syndrome. It is a condition that too few people can recognize in themselves, and many doctors don't know how to manage properly, said Dzienkowski, a nurse who is executive director of the Restless Legs Syndrome Foundation. Here is what experts want you to know about restless legs syndrome. 'Restless legs syndrome is a neurological disorder that is characterized by a need to move that is oftentimes associated with an uncomfortable feeling,' said Dr. John Winkelman, chief of the sleep disorders clinical research program at Massachusetts General Hospital and professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. The uncomfortable feeling — described as crawling, aching, tingling or throbbing — is often in the legs and sometimes the arms, he added. Restlessness frequently happens when people with the condition are sitting or lying down, and it is relieved with movement, Winkelman said. Symptoms are more likely to occur when a person is at rest, most often at night, and because the syndrome interferes with sleep, it is classified as a sleep disorder, Winkelman said. In moderate to severe cases, people experience restless legs syndrome several times a week, and in the most extreme cases, symptoms can delay sleep for several hours, said Dr. Brian Koo, associate professor of neurology at Yale School of Medicine and director of the Yale Center for Restless Legs Syndrome. Two strong components play a role in who gets restless legs syndrome: genetics and iron levels. Restless legs syndrome often runs in families, and genetic markers make up about 20% of the prediction of who will get it, Winkelman said. Those with an iron deficiency are also more likely to get restless legs syndrome, including people who are pregnant, on dialysis, who are menstruating, who have anemia, or who are vegetarians, Winkelman said. Those on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants may also be vulnerable to restless legs syndrome, he added. The condition is twice as common in women as in men and much more common as people get older, Winkelman said. However, as Dzienkowski learned, children can have restless legs syndrome, too. To treat restless legs syndrome, a good first step is to look at what might be making the condition worse, Winkelman said. Alcohol, other medications and simple sugars may contribute to symptoms, Koo said. If iron is low — or even borderline low — oral iron supplements or intravenous iron infusions may help, Winkelman added. Dzienkowski also recommends having a 'bag of tricks' to manage symptoms, such as hot or cold packs, massages, walks or some mind-stimulating activity. 'For some reason … if you keep your mind engaged, it helps to keep symptoms at bay,' she said. There are medications that help if lifestyle changes and iron supplementation don't work. Many doctors will start with a class of drugs called alpha2-delta ligands, such as gabapentin or pregabalin, Koo said. For a long time, dopamine agonists were the first line of medications. But they are now prescribed infrequently because they can worsen restless legs syndrome over time, Winkelman added. The medications for the most severe cases are low-dose, long-acting opioid medications, Koo said. If you have discomfort that motivates you to move your legs at rest — particularly if doing so disturbs your sleep — talk to a doctor, Dzienkowski said. Not all medical professionals are well versed in restless legs syndrome, so asking for a referral to a sleep specialist may be helpful, she said. You should also get your lab work done, especially an iron panel with ferritin, a blood test that looks at how much iron your body has and how available it is for use, Dzienkowski said. 'The sooner you do it, the better, because you're just delaying diagnosis and treatment, which can be detrimental to your life,' she said. 'You don't realize that that sleepiness that you're feeling at work or the crankiness or you're not wanting to get out and do things could be the RLS bleeding into your daytime. … At least go have that conversation.'

The Skrmetti Case Could End Gender-Affirming Care for Trans Youth. These Families Explain Why They Sought It
The Skrmetti Case Could End Gender-Affirming Care for Trans Youth. These Families Explain Why They Sought It

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The Skrmetti Case Could End Gender-Affirming Care for Trans Youth. These Families Explain Why They Sought It

ROBYN BECK/AFP via Getty Images | Liz Coulbourn Content warning: This article includes descriptions of self-harm and suicide. Resources are listed at the bottom of the story. Eleven days before the state of Missouri ended healthcare for young people with gender dysphoria, then-15-year-old Kai came out to her parents as transgender. Checking on her new daughter that night before bed, her mom Esther told Teen Vogue, was the first time she'd seen her child truly happy. A highly significant Supreme Court decision is approaching, and the lives of trans teens and their families hang in the balance. United States vs Skrmetti will decide, once and for all, whether state bans on gender-affirming treatments are constitutional. If the court sides with Tennessee, its ban and other similar laws will remain in place. Nationally, access to gender affirming care has also been threatened by a presidential executive order and the Republican-dominated congress, but these efforts thus far have fallen short of a full ban. At stake in Skrmetti, advocates say, is safety and stability for trans youth and their families. If the conservative-leaning court upholds state care bans, loving families fear the prospect that their children could be removed by state child protective services. (Due to the seriousness of these potential legal threats, this piece uses pseudonyms for trans youth and their families in states with bans.) Why have some families decided to risk everything for these treatments? The answer, families say, is as simple as love. Those Teen Vogue spoke to describe how decisions to seek gender-affirming treatments sprang from the trust trans youth placed in their parents, and parents' drive to do what's best for the health of their children. In Kai's case, she first began questioning her gender identity many years before she told anyone. 'I'd say between the ages of seven and 10, I had these recurring thoughts of, what if I was a girl? What if I wore more feminine clothing?' she told Teen Vogue on a video call. 'It really ramped up the older I got. The older I got, the more frequently I experienced those thoughts.' Though Kai's family were LGBTQ+ friendly, she attended a religious private school where she says she encountered negative attitudes towards gender and sexuality. These messages led her to push down all thoughts about gender. Hard as she tried, though, these thoughts wouldn't leave her. In the spring of eighth grade, as her body was changing to become more masculine, Kai found herself actually dreaming of hormone therapy. 'I had this dream where I took estrogen, and I was happy. The changes weren't instant, but they were happening, and I was happier for it,' she remembered. 'And I woke up, and I had to go to work, and I was like, oh shit, I can't run away from this. I'm going to have to confront this head on.' For their part, Kai's parents say they knew nothing of this inner struggle. Instead, they saw the effects. Kai had meltdowns at school, and in eighth grade she was discovered while she was hurting herself in a school bathroom. She was rushed to the emergency room, and afterwards her parents got her on medication, and a new therapist. US v. Skrmetti: Trans Teens Like L.W. Just Want to Have a Normal Childhood *Teen Vogue* reports from the Supreme Court on the morning of a landmark case that could change access to gender-affirming care across the US. For Kai, getting help needed to start with coming out. After revealing her secret to her new therapist, she worked up the courage to ask her parents to talk, with her therapist's encouragement. Kai and her mother and father gathered in the parents' bedroom. 'I remember just being stunned and in silence for two minutes and then something clicks, like, it's going to have to come out,' Kai explained. 'And I'm like, okay, so basically I'm trans and I've been thinking this for years and da-da-da-da-da.' In the moment, Kai's parents were stunned, but they did their best to be supportive. After a group hug on their king-sized bed, Esther asked for some time to discuss with Kai's father, saying she'd come by Kai's bedroom to check on her in a few minutes. It was there, in her daughter's bedroom, only a few minutes after learning she had a daughter, that she saw something she had never expected. 'I opened the door, and she was just beaming. She had her headphones in and was just kind of bebopping and like dancing,' Esther said. 'I'd never seen her smile like that. She'd been suffering with depression, [harming] herself, anxiety for years, and just had this heaviness to her. And it was just gone. There was a lightness.' This moment of revelation is what opened Esther's mind to eventually approving medical options for Kai. She did hours of research, spoke with parents and experts, and had Kai formally assessed. This had to happen outside of their home state, far from the world class gender clinic at St. Louis Children's Hospital, which ceased offering medical options due to Missouri's gender-affirming care ban for minors. Despite lengthy travel times for out-of-state treatment, the family persevered, eventually finding a clinic in Illinois that evaluated Kai and prescribed medications to increase estrogen and reduce testosterone levels in her body. Estrogen and testosterone therapy are just two of the treatments that fall under the umbrella of gender-affirming healthcare. Known as sex hormones, healthy human bodies of all sexes make estrogen and testosterone naturally. However, female bodies usually have higher levels of estrogen, and male bodies higher levels of testosterone. 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Puberty blockers, which are generally used to address early puberty in children, have been the subject of widespread misinformation, which paint the drugs as experimental and dangerous. Families of trans youth, including very supportive ones, aren't immune to the effects of this propaganda. Jennifer Harris Dault, who plans to help her 10-year-old trans daughter access puberty blockers once it becomes necessary, absorbed the message that puberty blockers would pose a serious, lifelong change to her child's bone health. In truth, because bone density increases during puberty, puberty blockers pause those changes. The long term effects of the drugs on bone density continue to be studied, however bone density has been found to fully rebound for trans boys and mostly rebound for trans girls after they start hormone therapy. 'I remember just being astounded when the doctor was talking through everything that happens and reporting that [a trans girl's] bone density changes to [be more like] that of a cisgender woman. [Like,] Wait. Isn't… wouldn't [being similar to a cis girl] be the goal?' Harris Dault remembers asking her doctor. 'The more I learned from people whose career was knowing how medications interact with the body, and what their actual purpose is, the less scary things became.' Although adults (and some teens) also access surgeries to further masculinize or feminize their bodies, it's a myth that medical transition is primarily accomplished through surgery. A KFF/Washington Post survey published in 2023 found that only 16% of trans adults report having had gender-affirming surgery. However, for those with severe gender dysphoria, such procedures can be life-changing. That's the case for Reese, a 17-year-old trans boy in Texas who had chest masculinization surgery (also known as 'top surgery') as a teenager. Reese is now a thriving junior at a large public high school. But, when he was 10 years old, his family was afraid they might lose him forever. Reese came out as a boy to his parents at nine, but he'd always been highly masculine, insisting on having a boys' haircut and wearing a boys' uniform at his elementary school. His parents accepted this was how he was and never tried to force him to be feminine but knew nothing about transgender children. Thinking back, Reese's mom, Melanie, says she knew adult trans people took medical steps, but she hadn't thought it could be an option for a child. 'My kid had been telling me all about all of this sort of thing, you know, talking about top surgery, talking about [testosterone], talking about all these things, and I was like okay buddy, sure,' she explained. 'I just hadn't really taken it seriously. I just thought that's something that, like, we'll cross that bridge when we come to it.' That changed when her 10 year old confessed to having taken an overdose of over-the-counter medications after getting his period triggered intense gender dysphoria. During the days that followed, Melanie spent hours at Reese's side in the ER, and met medical professionals who were both trans-affirming and disaffirming. The difference, she says, is that the affirming professionals offered her actual solutions. 'Someone said, look, great news, it's super easy to not have a period. We have nailed the medicine on that. We've got lots of different methods and ways of accomplishing that.' This hopeful attitude stood in stark contrast with a non-affirming provider, who suggested long-term psychiatric hospitalization. 'The actively transphobic therapist who came through raised the same issue [of Reese's period]. 'Look this is going to be an issue that your kid has to deal with every 30 days, and so basically you just need to accept that your kid is going to need to be institutionalized,'' is how Melanie remembers the conversation going. She wasn't having it. 'I just absolutely refused to even countenance the idea that there was nothing that could be done for my kid.' Dear Trans Kids, You Don't Need the Government's Permission to Exist In youth transition, as in all trans healthcare, individualized treatment is key. The affirming experts Melanie spoke with didn't describe a single, one-size-fits-all transition plan. Instead, they suggested starting small by stopping Reese's periods with well-known birth control methods, starting therapy, and waiting to see how he responded. This slow, careful, individualized process is the opposite of the rushed process anti-trans activists have often described to justify the bans on care at the heart of the Supreme Court case. After stopping his period and a long stretch of therapy, Reese's family eventually decided testosterone was right for him. Each step seemed to help Reese's mood and adjustment, but his chest continued to be a major source of dysphoria. His mother noticed he was avoiding showering, wearing multiple binders and sleeping with a binder on — even developing skin problems because he never took his binder off. 'I remember that those conversations happened. I remember even saying, 'I need top surgery,'' Reese explained. 'And, my mom was, obviously, like, no. Not because she was unsupportive but because I really was just incredibly young.' During that time, although he was grateful for his family's support, Reese struggled. 'I was very, very depressed,' he says now. 'I don't even think I was expressly suicidal, if anything, because I didn't want to hurt my family … I didn't want that to happen again, not because I wasn't suicidal or depressed again, but because I almost felt like it would be ungrateful.' After extensive research and consultation with experts, Reese's parents and doctors decided that the step of chest masculinization surgery, though very rare for a minor, was necessary due to the severity of his dysphoria, which was presenting a clear risk to his medical and emotional health. Today, Melanie is incredibly glad they finally went forward, but she says the decision to okay surgery for her child was agonizing. She spoke with multiple experts and even read some of the medical literature on chest masculinization. Fears about whether Reese might regret the decision loomed large, but looming even larger, she says, were her concerns that his low quality of life was causing him to miss out on being a teenager. Now seventeen, Reese is thriving. 'I am doing fantastic. I go to a school that I love, I have a bunch of friends, my grades are fantastic. I'm just doing great,' he told Teen Vogue. 'I'm excited, and I'm figuring out what I want to do after high school and into a post-secondary school, all that. But as for the transness, it's not a big deal anymore. It's not a thing. It's just sort of been addressed.' These stories represent the reality of many trans youth accessing health care in the U. S. — a reality characterized by careful consideration, individualized care, and remarkable transformations. The Supreme Court is expected to announce whether states can ban families from choosing these treatments in June. If you're in crisis or experiencing suicidal ideations, help is available. You can reach the suicide and crisis lifeline at 988. To reach an LGBTQ+-trained crisis counselor, dial 988 and press 3. You can also text with an LGBTQ+-trained counselor by sending the word PRIDE to 988, or you can chat online here. You can also reach out to the Trevor Project's crisis services here, by calling 1-866-488-7386, or by texting 'START' to 678678. Originally Appeared on Teen Vogue Want to read more Teen Vogue LGBTQ coverage? 12 Things People Get Wrong About Being Nonbinary How to Have Sex if You're Queer 'What Does LGBTQ Stand For?' Your (Colorful) LGBTQIA+ Glossary 7 Trans People Share What Brings Them Joy

How Culture Shapes Our View of Wellbutrin for Anxiety
How Culture Shapes Our View of Wellbutrin for Anxiety

Time Business News

timea day ago

  • Time Business News

How Culture Shapes Our View of Wellbutrin for Anxiety

In today's globalized world, the way we understand and interpret mental health treatments is deeply influenced by cultural beliefs, values, and norms. One such medication that has garnered attention in recent years is wellbutrin anxiety. Originally approved as an antidepressant and smoking cessation aid, it has also been used off-label for treating anxiety in specific cases. However, public and medical perceptions of using Wellbutrin for anxiety vary widely depending on cultural background. Understanding how culture shapes our view of this drug provides insight not just into Wellbutrin's reception, but into broader societal attitudes about mental health and pharmacological treatment. When it comes to treating ADHD, stimulant medications play a crucial role in improving focus and reducing impulsivity. Two Vyvanse vs adderall prescribed options are Vyvanse and Adderall, each with distinct characteristics. Vyvanse is a prodrug, meaning it's inactive until metabolized in the body, leading to a smoother and longer-lasting effect. In contrast, Adderall contains a mix of amphetamine salts that act more quickly but can have a shorter duration. Both medications target similar brain chemicals but differ in onset time and side effects. Choosing between Vyvanse vs Adderall often depends on individual response and lifestyle needs. Culture plays a critical role in shaping how individuals perceive mental health, diagnose emotional distress, and seek treatment. In Western societies, particularly in the United States, there is a growing acceptance of using medication for managing mental health conditions like depression and anxiety. The biomedical model dominates—mental health is largely seen as a result of neurochemical imbalances, treatable through pharmaceutical intervention. This belief system naturally influences the openness toward medications like Wellbutrin, even for off-label uses such as anxiety. In contrast, in many non-Western cultures, mental health is more likely to be seen through spiritual, communal, or holistic lenses. Psychological distress might be attributed to personal failure, spiritual imbalance, or societal disharmony. These cultural frameworks often result in stigmatization of psychiatric drugs or skepticism about their necessity. As a result, someone in a collectivist culture might be more hesitant to use Wellbutrin for anxiety, fearing social judgment or believing that non-pharmacological methods like meditation, herbal remedies, or community support are more acceptable. One of the major cultural factors that influences the use of Wellbutrin is stigma—both internal and societal. In many cultures, there is significant stigma attached to taking psychiatric medication, often rooted in a belief that mental illness indicates personal weakness or failure. Even in countries like the U.S., where psychiatric drug use is widespread, people often express reluctance or shame in discussing their medication openly. Wellbutrin's branding as a 'non-typical' antidepressant and its use in smoking cessation has somewhat reduced this stigma for some users. It doesn't carry the same weight as more commonly used SSRIs like Prozac or Zoloft. However, when used for anxiety—a condition often seen as less severe or 'less legitimate' than depression in some circles—users may face added pressure or disbelief. Cultural norms that promote stoicism, self-reliance, or silence around emotional distress can further discourage individuals from accepting Wellbutrin as a viable treatment for anxiety. How a medication is marketed also plays a substantial role in shaping cultural perceptions. In the United States, direct-to-consumer pharmaceutical advertising is legal and widespread. Television ads often portray medications like Wellbutrin as life-changing tools, providing visual narratives of transformation—from despair to joy, from isolation to connection. This imagery feeds into a cultural narrative that medical solutions are the most efficient and desirable route to wellness. However, this is not the case globally. In countries where pharmaceutical advertising is restricted or banned, public knowledge of medications like Wellbutrin often comes from doctors or health professionals, not TV commercials or social media. As a result, cultural narratives about these drugs are more medically grounded and less emotionally driven. In such societies, Wellbutrin may be seen more clinically and less symbolically—as a neutral tool rather than a symbol of modern self-care or empowerment. Cultural differences in healthcare systems also affect the way Wellbutrin is prescribed and understood. In the United States, the healthcare model allows for a greater degree of patient choice and provider flexibility. Off-label use, such as prescribing Wellbutrin for anxiety, is relatively common. Physicians may be more willing to explore alternative applications of existing drugs, especially if patients advocate for them. In other countries, stricter regulations, standardized treatment protocols, and less patient involvement in treatment decisions can result in a more conservative approach. Doctors may hesitate to prescribe Wellbutrin for anxiety if it's not officially approved for that use, regardless of emerging evidence or individual cases. This cautious stance is not necessarily due to mistrust of the drug, but due to systemic differences in risk tolerance and adherence to evidence-based guidelines. How cultures define and handle emotions also deeply influences the acceptability of using medications like Wellbutrin for anxiety. In some Western cultures, expressing emotions openly and prioritizing emotional well-being is encouraged. Anxiety is increasingly seen as a legitimate health issue requiring treatment, and patients are encouraged to seek out solutions, whether therapeutic or pharmacological. In more reserved cultures, where emotional restraint and control are highly valued, anxiety might be normalized or downplayed. Instead of seeking treatment, individuals might be encouraged to 'tough it out' or turn to traditional healing practices. In these environments, suggesting a pharmaceutical solution like Wellbutrin may be met with resistance or disbelief—not necessarily because the drug is distrusted, but because the condition it treats isn't universally acknowledged in the same way. The rise of online health communities and social media platforms has begun to blur traditional cultural boundaries. People from different countries and backgrounds can now share their experiences with medications like Wellbutrin, creating a global dialogue. On platforms like Reddit, YouTube, and TikTok, individuals openly discuss the pros and cons of using Wellbutrin for anxiety. These discussions can demystify the drug for some, validate others' experiences, and challenge deeply ingrained cultural beliefs. Younger generations, especially digital natives, are more likely to seek health information online and adopt perspectives that differ from those of their parents or cultural predecessors. In some cases, this has led to increased openness about mental health and reduced stigma around medication use, even in cultures that historically resisted psychiatric intervention. As a result, cultural perceptions of Wellbutrin are gradually shifting, becoming more nuanced and inclusive. Wellbutrin's use for anxiety, while still considered off-label, offers a fascinating case study in how cultural beliefs shape medical treatment. From the stigma surrounding psychiatric medication to healthcare system practices and emotional expression norms, countless factors influence how this drug is perceived and utilized. While Western cultures may embrace Wellbutrin more readily as a modern solution to mental health struggles, non-Western societies often approach it with caution, shaped by different traditions, values, and healthcare infrastructures. As global conversations about mental health continue to evolve, it's essential to recognize that there is no single, universal view of medications like Wellbutrin. Each perspective is valid in its own cultural context. By understanding these cultural nuances, we can foster more inclusive, respectful, and informed approaches to mental health treatment across the world. TIME BUSINESS NEWS

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