Nose job boom in Iran where procedure can boost social status
All of the women in Iranian model Azadeh's family have had nose surgeries, each feeling the pressure to conform with Western beauty standards in a country where female bodies are heavily policed.
To Azadeh, smoothing out the bump in what Iranians would call the "Persian nose" she was born with proved a lucrative investment.
Since the 1979 Islamic revolution, Iranian women have been required to dress modestly and cover their hair, and the beauty industry has become almost entirely centred on the face.
Having rhinoplasty -- a nose job -- can make a major difference, Azadeh told AFP.
"After the operation, not only have I earned myself a modelling job with better social standing but I'm also earning three times more and I'm more respected by clients," she said.
Azadeh, 29, asked that her surname be withheld because women models can face social pressure in Iran.
According to the US-based International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS), more than 264,000 cosmetic operations were performed in Iran in 2023, with rhinoplasty being the most common.
- A cultural trend -
Across Tehran and other Iranian cities, brightly coloured billboards advertise beauty clinics and cosmetic procedures, offering promises of sculpted noses, flawless skin and perfect teeth.
Many people with bandaged noses can be seen on the streets, a testament to the popularity of rhinoplasty.
"It has become more of a cultural trend," said rhinoplasty surgeon Hamidreza Hosnani who performs up to 20 operations a week at his well-equipped clinic in the capital.
And that trend has evolved, becoming more and more tied to social identity and status, especially as more women have defied the strict dress code.
Such defiance became more marked following the mass protests sparked by the 2022 death in custody of 22-year-old Iranian Kurd Mahsa Amini.
In Iran, where the minimum wage is around $100, basic rhinoplasty costs up to $1,000 -- significantly cheaper than in other countries, Hosnani said.
Millions of Iranians have long struggled with soaring prices and a plunging currency, driven in part by years of international sanctions.
"I even had to borrow the money required for the operation from my friends and family, but the money was well spent, and it was completely worth it," Azadeh said.
Reyhaneh Khoshhali, a 28-year-old surgical assistant, had the operation four years ago, and regrets not having it sooner.
"My nose really did not look good aesthetically and I wanted to be more beautiful," she said.
"If I could go back, I would have had the operation earlier."
- Unauthorised clinics -
For years, Iran has hosted highly advanced medical centres, even becoming a destination for foreigners seeking high-quality and affordable cosmetic surgery.
However, the procedures can also come with risks.
The Iranian authorities have repeatedly warned about the growing number of unauthorised clinics performing cosmetic procedures.
In February, a dozen unlicenced practitioners were arrested and several operating theatres in Tehran's Apadana Hospital were closed because of unauthorised cosmetic procedures, the health ministry said.
In 2023, three women died in a single day -- November 7 -- during cosmetic surgery in three separate incidents in Tehran, media reported at the time.
Ava Goli has yet to undergo her rhinoplasty operation, and said that finding a reliable doctor involved some research.
"I saw some people whose nose job did not look good... and yeah, it really made me scared at times," the 23-year-old told AFP.
Yet the demand for cosmetic surgery in Iran remains high -- and the pressure to keep up is not limited to women.
Bahador Sayyadi, a 33-year-old accountant, said he had to borrow money so he could have a hair transplant.
"My financial situation isn't great, but thanks to a loan I got recently, I will be doing the procedure just in time before my wedding," he said.
"Men should also take care of themselves these days, just like women."
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Feeling antsy in your legs at bedtime? This condition may be to blame
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You can also text with an LGBTQ+-trained counselor by sending the word PRIDE to 988, or you can chat online here. You can also reach out to the Trevor Project's crisis services here, by calling 1-866-488-7386, or by texting 'START' to 678678. Originally Appeared on Teen Vogue Want to read more Teen Vogue LGBTQ coverage? 12 Things People Get Wrong About Being Nonbinary How to Have Sex if You're Queer 'What Does LGBTQ Stand For?' Your (Colorful) LGBTQIA+ Glossary 7 Trans People Share What Brings Them Joy
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How Culture Shapes Our View of Wellbutrin for Anxiety
In today's globalized world, the way we understand and interpret mental health treatments is deeply influenced by cultural beliefs, values, and norms. One such medication that has garnered attention in recent years is wellbutrin anxiety. Originally approved as an antidepressant and smoking cessation aid, it has also been used off-label for treating anxiety in specific cases. However, public and medical perceptions of using Wellbutrin for anxiety vary widely depending on cultural background. Understanding how culture shapes our view of this drug provides insight not just into Wellbutrin's reception, but into broader societal attitudes about mental health and pharmacological treatment. When it comes to treating ADHD, stimulant medications play a crucial role in improving focus and reducing impulsivity. Two Vyvanse vs adderall prescribed options are Vyvanse and Adderall, each with distinct characteristics. Vyvanse is a prodrug, meaning it's inactive until metabolized in the body, leading to a smoother and longer-lasting effect. In contrast, Adderall contains a mix of amphetamine salts that act more quickly but can have a shorter duration. Both medications target similar brain chemicals but differ in onset time and side effects. Choosing between Vyvanse vs Adderall often depends on individual response and lifestyle needs. Culture plays a critical role in shaping how individuals perceive mental health, diagnose emotional distress, and seek treatment. In Western societies, particularly in the United States, there is a growing acceptance of using medication for managing mental health conditions like depression and anxiety. The biomedical model dominates—mental health is largely seen as a result of neurochemical imbalances, treatable through pharmaceutical intervention. This belief system naturally influences the openness toward medications like Wellbutrin, even for off-label uses such as anxiety. In contrast, in many non-Western cultures, mental health is more likely to be seen through spiritual, communal, or holistic lenses. Psychological distress might be attributed to personal failure, spiritual imbalance, or societal disharmony. These cultural frameworks often result in stigmatization of psychiatric drugs or skepticism about their necessity. As a result, someone in a collectivist culture might be more hesitant to use Wellbutrin for anxiety, fearing social judgment or believing that non-pharmacological methods like meditation, herbal remedies, or community support are more acceptable. One of the major cultural factors that influences the use of Wellbutrin is stigma—both internal and societal. In many cultures, there is significant stigma attached to taking psychiatric medication, often rooted in a belief that mental illness indicates personal weakness or failure. Even in countries like the U.S., where psychiatric drug use is widespread, people often express reluctance or shame in discussing their medication openly. Wellbutrin's branding as a 'non-typical' antidepressant and its use in smoking cessation has somewhat reduced this stigma for some users. It doesn't carry the same weight as more commonly used SSRIs like Prozac or Zoloft. However, when used for anxiety—a condition often seen as less severe or 'less legitimate' than depression in some circles—users may face added pressure or disbelief. Cultural norms that promote stoicism, self-reliance, or silence around emotional distress can further discourage individuals from accepting Wellbutrin as a viable treatment for anxiety. How a medication is marketed also plays a substantial role in shaping cultural perceptions. In the United States, direct-to-consumer pharmaceutical advertising is legal and widespread. Television ads often portray medications like Wellbutrin as life-changing tools, providing visual narratives of transformation—from despair to joy, from isolation to connection. This imagery feeds into a cultural narrative that medical solutions are the most efficient and desirable route to wellness. However, this is not the case globally. In countries where pharmaceutical advertising is restricted or banned, public knowledge of medications like Wellbutrin often comes from doctors or health professionals, not TV commercials or social media. As a result, cultural narratives about these drugs are more medically grounded and less emotionally driven. In such societies, Wellbutrin may be seen more clinically and less symbolically—as a neutral tool rather than a symbol of modern self-care or empowerment. Cultural differences in healthcare systems also affect the way Wellbutrin is prescribed and understood. In the United States, the healthcare model allows for a greater degree of patient choice and provider flexibility. Off-label use, such as prescribing Wellbutrin for anxiety, is relatively common. Physicians may be more willing to explore alternative applications of existing drugs, especially if patients advocate for them. In other countries, stricter regulations, standardized treatment protocols, and less patient involvement in treatment decisions can result in a more conservative approach. Doctors may hesitate to prescribe Wellbutrin for anxiety if it's not officially approved for that use, regardless of emerging evidence or individual cases. This cautious stance is not necessarily due to mistrust of the drug, but due to systemic differences in risk tolerance and adherence to evidence-based guidelines. How cultures define and handle emotions also deeply influences the acceptability of using medications like Wellbutrin for anxiety. In some Western cultures, expressing emotions openly and prioritizing emotional well-being is encouraged. Anxiety is increasingly seen as a legitimate health issue requiring treatment, and patients are encouraged to seek out solutions, whether therapeutic or pharmacological. In more reserved cultures, where emotional restraint and control are highly valued, anxiety might be normalized or downplayed. Instead of seeking treatment, individuals might be encouraged to 'tough it out' or turn to traditional healing practices. In these environments, suggesting a pharmaceutical solution like Wellbutrin may be met with resistance or disbelief—not necessarily because the drug is distrusted, but because the condition it treats isn't universally acknowledged in the same way. The rise of online health communities and social media platforms has begun to blur traditional cultural boundaries. People from different countries and backgrounds can now share their experiences with medications like Wellbutrin, creating a global dialogue. On platforms like Reddit, YouTube, and TikTok, individuals openly discuss the pros and cons of using Wellbutrin for anxiety. These discussions can demystify the drug for some, validate others' experiences, and challenge deeply ingrained cultural beliefs. Younger generations, especially digital natives, are more likely to seek health information online and adopt perspectives that differ from those of their parents or cultural predecessors. In some cases, this has led to increased openness about mental health and reduced stigma around medication use, even in cultures that historically resisted psychiatric intervention. As a result, cultural perceptions of Wellbutrin are gradually shifting, becoming more nuanced and inclusive. Wellbutrin's use for anxiety, while still considered off-label, offers a fascinating case study in how cultural beliefs shape medical treatment. From the stigma surrounding psychiatric medication to healthcare system practices and emotional expression norms, countless factors influence how this drug is perceived and utilized. While Western cultures may embrace Wellbutrin more readily as a modern solution to mental health struggles, non-Western societies often approach it with caution, shaped by different traditions, values, and healthcare infrastructures. As global conversations about mental health continue to evolve, it's essential to recognize that there is no single, universal view of medications like Wellbutrin. Each perspective is valid in its own cultural context. By understanding these cultural nuances, we can foster more inclusive, respectful, and informed approaches to mental health treatment across the world. TIME BUSINESS NEWS
