As Comey social media post triggers a row, what does '86' mean?
Republicans in the US are accusing former FBI director James Comey of calling for violence against President Donald Trump by posting a photo online of sea shells assembled to draw out the numbers 8-6-4-7 on a beach.
Trump is the 47th American president, and the phrase "to 86" is a commonly-used restaurant industry term in American-English, meaning "to remove or eject". It is thought to have existed since the 1930s.
More recently, the term has taken on another lesser-known meaning - "to kill", according to Merriam-Webster, the oldest publisher of dictionaries in the US.
Comey deleted his post, and says he was unaware of the violent interpretation. Trump has disputed that, alleging that Comey was calling for his assassination "loud and clear".
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The term's etymology is not certain, according to Merriam-Webster, but it is widely believed to have originated from soda counter servers in the early 20th Century who would say it to mean that an item had sold out.
The most common theory is that the term is rhythming slang for "nix" - meaning "to refuse or reject" - although countless other ideas have been proposed.
The term later came to be used as a verb. For example, restaurant workers might tell each other to remove something from the menu by "86ing" it.
By the 1950s, it was being used to refer to customers too. Unruly or drunk customers might be thrown out or refused more drinks if they've been "86'ed" by staff.
In military or law enforcement jargon, it has also come to mean to eliminate or kill, according to a blog entry by Merriam-Webster.
However, the dictionary does not include that meaning in its entry for 86, explaining that this omission is "due to its relative recency and sparseness of use".
There are countless other suggestions of how the "86" phrase originated - some of which hint at violence. One legend suggests the phrase began at a Prohibition-era bar in New York where unruly patrons were evicted through the door at 86 Barrow Street.
But as St Louis magazine pointed out in 2019, there are at least 86 theories for where the term came from.
The US Secret Service and the FBI say they are investigating the post by Comey, who Trump famously fired in 2017.
Director of National Intelligence Tulsi Gabbard, the highest-ranking spymaster in the US, called for Comey to be jailed for "issuing a hit" on Trump while he was travelling in the Middle East.
Supporters of the former FBI director say his post is probably protected by the First Amendment to the US Constitution - which ensures freedom of speech.
For that reason, Comey's post "neither constitutes a true threat nor merits federal investigation", according to a statement by campaign group the Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression (FIRE).
It has also been pointed out by Democrats that 8646 was also frequently used by critics of former Joe Biden, who was the 46th president.
On Amazon, items can be found for sale with imagery displaying both the numbers 8646 and 8647. Also for sale are 8645 items - which could refer to Trump's first term in the White House, when he was the 45th American president.
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