Are in wheel motors the next big thing?
Tech
A simple idea could be on the verge of going mainstream... even though the concept was invented back in 1901 Skip 1 photos in the image carousel and continue reading
In wheel motors are on the verge of real applications. That's a terrible pun: the Verge motorcycle has one. It looks dramatic, with no central hub or axle. Verge is part of Donut Lab, a Finnish builder of motors in the shape of donuts.
The idea is wonderfully simple. A normal motor's rotor, the spinning bit, is inside, with its output shaft emerging from the centre. The stator, the coil windings that don't turn, is fixed to the outer casing. A wheel motor flips that layout inside out. The rotor is on the outside diameter, in unit with the wheel rim and so driving it. The stator is fixed to the suspension. The large diameter means much more torque than usual, so there's no need for the reduction gears that come with inboard motors.
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No gears, no driveshafts, and so less friction and complication and weight. On a RWD car – as the Renault 5 Turbo 3E will be – each rear wheel has its own torque control for ultra capable torque vectoring and all sorts of drift modes.
Better yet, there are exciting possibilities for design and packaging. Removing the centre-mounted motor and gears and diff and driveshafts will leave fresh space for batteries, luggage or crash zones. So the car can be rangier, roomier and shorter in overhang. You might like
There is one obvious objection, but it turns out to be far less significant than I'd guessed. Wheel motors look heavy, and unsprung rotating mass is bad for dynamics. But actually these power dense motors weigh little. And a decade ago, with another pioneer Protean's wheel motors in mind, Lotus Engineering did a study on a Ford Focus MkII. Drivers tested it before and after the engineers added unsprung mass – 15kg rotating and 15kg static – to each corner. Handling, grip, ride, steering and refinement all suffered. But in the opinion of Lotus, nothing that couldn't be regained by normal suspension tuning.
Besides – and this is me talking not them – if a car is RWD, then the front wheels and suspension stay as is. Which minimises the effects on steering weight and feel, and response difference due to extra gyroscopic interference.
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Mind you, given the big manufacturers have invested squillions in EV platforms with central motors, world domination is some way off for this new invention. I say new. Wheel motors were first used in the Lohner-Porsche hybrid in... 1901.
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