Which US cities have the LA immigration protests spread to?
Protests against Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) raids, which began on June 6 in Los Angeles, have spread beyond the California city, across the United States.
This comes days before a military parade scheduled on Saturday in Washington, DC, which marks the US Army's 250th anniversary. More protests across the US are scheduled on Saturday.
Here is what we know about what is happening and where.
On June 6, ICE carried out immigration enforcement raids in LA, in which uniformed ICE agents arrived at various sites in LA in groups of unmarked vehicles, arresting 44 people in a military-style operation.
The operation triggered protests in LA on the same day, and crowds rallied outside a facility where some of the detainees were believed to be held. They were dispersed by police, but protests began again soon after.
US President Donald Trump ordered 2,000 National Guard troops into the city on June 8, a move condemned as an 'illegal takeover' by California Governor Gavin Newsom, who then filed a lawsuit to try to prevent their deployment onto the city streets. The next day, Trump doubled the number of active National Guard troops in the city to 4,000.
On Monday, Trump also ordered 700 marines to be deployed from the Twentynine Palms base east of Los Angeles, describing the city as a 'trash heap' that was in danger of burning to the ground.
A federal court hearing about whether or not Trump can legally deploy the National Guard and marines to assist with immigration raids in LA is scheduled for Thursday.
Marines arrived in the city on Tuesday. However, as of Wednesday, they had still not completed training, The Hill reported, citing an unnamed US Northern Command official. The marines are now expected to join the National Guard troops on the streets of LA on Friday.
On Tuesday night, LA Mayor Karen Bass announced a curfew in downtown LA, and the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) made several arrests.
A sixth day of protests continued on Wednesday. These were mostly peaceful but featured occasional outbursts of violence.
By June 9, protests against the ICE raids and Trump's deployment of the military had spilled over to several other US cities in solidarity with the LA protesters.By Wednesday, protests had appeared in 12 other cities across several states. Here is the situation in each city:
LA is not the only city in California which is experiencing protests.
Soon after the start of the LA protests, a peaceful protest began in San Francisco with demonstrators gathering outside an ICE building on financial hub Sansome Street in the north of the city.
Local media reported that police arrived in riot gear and made arrests.
On Sunday, June 8, San Francisco police arrested about 60 people, and declared the protest an 'unlawful assembly'.
On Monday, the San Francisco police released a statement on X, saying the demonstrations had been 'overwhelmingly peaceful' but that 'two small groups broke off and committed vandalism and other criminal acts'. It said police had made more arrests, without specifying the number of people arrested. Local media reports suggest the number could be above 150.
Local media reported that ICE agents were also arresting migrants in San Francisco. The city's mayor, Democrat Daniel Lurie, shared this news on X on Monday, saying: 'I have been briefed on the ongoing immigration enforcement actions taking place downtown.'
Lurie added: 'I have been and will continue to be clear that these federal immigration enforcement tactics are intended to instil fear, and they make our city less safe.'
He stated the police force would not be involved in making immigration arrests. 'Under our city's longstanding policies, local law enforcement does not participate in federal immigration enforcement. Those are our policies, and they make our city safer.'
On Tuesday, 200 protesters rallied outside the San Francisco Immigration Court. Protests were also reported in the nearby city of Oakland.
On Monday, protests broke out in Santa Ana in Orange County, a largely Mexican-American city just south of LA.
The protests broke out following reports of ICE raids in the city.
Local media reported that several hundred people were protesting outside the Ronald Reagan Federal Building and court.
The Santa Ana Police Department released a statement on X saying it was aware of the immigration enforcement actions and would not participate in them.
However, the police department posted another statement on X later on Monday saying: 'When a peaceful demonstration escalates into rocks, bottles, mortars, and fireworks being used against public service personnel, and property is destroyed, it is no longer a lawful assembly. It is a violation of the law.' Local media reported that several arrests were made.
Police chief Robert Rodriguez said peaceful protesters would be protected but urged residents not to participate in violent protests or vandalism. 'Those who participate in unlawful activities will be held accountable to the fullest extent of the law.'
On Tuesday, National Guard troops were deployed to Santa Ana and clashes with protesters were reported.
Protests have broken out in Seattle, Washington State's most populous city.
About 50 protesters gathered outside the immigration court in downtown Seattle on Tuesday.
On Wednesday, hundreds of protesters marched downtown from Capitol Hill. According to the Seattle Police Department, this demonstration was mostly peaceful, but some individuals set fire to a dumpster, which prompted police intervention.
Several clashes were also reported between protesters and the police, who arrested eight people for assault and obstruction.
Protests also broke out in Spokane, a city towards the eastern side of Washington State.
The police arrested more than 30 protesters and dispersed the crowd using pepper balls, Spokane police chief Kevin Hall told a news conference.
Mayor Lisa Brown imposed a night curfew in the city, which was set to last until 5am (12:00 GMT) on Thursday.
Protests have broken out in several cities in Texas. Republican Texas Governor Greg Abbott wrote on X on Tuesday: 'Texas National Guard will be deployed to locations across the state to ensure peace & order. Peaceful protest is legal. Harming a person or property is illegal & will lead to arrest.'
On Tuesday, Abbott deployed the National Guard ahead of protests in San Antonio. The city's mayor, Democrat Ron Nirenberg, said on Wednesday that he had not been informed in advance about the National Guard deployment and had not requested it.
More than 400 protesters gathered outside the city hall on Wednesday in a largely peaceful protest.
Hundreds of protesters gathered on Monday between the Texas State Capitol building and a federal building which holds an ICE staff office.
More than a dozen people were arrested, Abbott wrote in an X post. The police used tear gas and pepper spray to disperse protesters. Some protesters threw rocks at officers and graffitied a federal building, according to local media reports.
Protesters also gathered in the Texas cities of Dallas and Houston.
Protesters gathered outside the Colorado State Capitol in Denver on Tuesday. Police said they arrested 18 people when protesters tried to cross Interstate 25, a highway that runs through New Mexico, Colorado and Wyoming.
On Tuesday, thousands of protesters gathered near an immigration centre in Chicago and marched downtown, blocking a plaza.
Some 17 people were arrested, according to the police and some clashes between protesters and police were reported. On the same day, a 66-year-old woman was treated for a fractured arm after she was hit by a car that drove through the protest. No other injuries have been reported.
On Tuesday morning, immigration authorities raided a meat production plant in Nebraska's Omaha city, taking dozens of workers away with them in buses.
Local media reported that about 400 people protested against this raid on Tuesday along the 33rd and L streets.
On Monday, hundreds of people gathered outside Boston City Hall, calling for the release of trade union leader David Huerta, who was arrested during the LA protests. Huerta was released on Monday afternoon on a $50,000 bond. However, he remains charged with conspiracy to impede an officer, a felony which could result in a maximum of six years in prison, according to the office of the US Attorney.
Thousands of people protested in Lower Manhattan in New York City on Tuesday. The protesters rallied near an ICE facility and federal courts.
On Tuesday, New York police took 86 people into custody. Some 34 of them were charged, while the rest received a criminal court summons. The police took more people into custody on Wednesday, but did not specify how many.
On Tuesday afternoon, about 150 people gathered outside the Federal Detention Center and marched between the centre and ICE's headquarters in the city.
After a group defied police orders to disperse from a major road, 15 people were arrested.
Demonstrators marched past the Justice Department building in the US capital on Monday. The protesters were calling for the release of union leader David Huerta. There have been no reports of violence or arrests.
Yes. On Saturday, protests opposing Trump's policies in general are planned in nearly 2,000 locations from parks to cities to small towns.
They will coincide with a military parade in Washington, DC, commemorating the US army's anniversary, and with Trump's 79th birthday. No protests are planned in Washington, DC.
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'I think the sort of grievances about the peace process are being grafted onto the wider concerns about immigration.' The Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) said at this stage there was no evidence of unionist paramilitary involvement in the recent violence in the town. However, a report published last month by the independent human rights group Committee on the Administration of Justice (CAJ) points to a connection. The study, titled Mapping Far Right Activity Online in Northern Ireland, analysed seven incidents of anti-immigrant protests that have taken place in Northern Ireland since 2023. Daniel Holder, the organisation's director, said the latest unrest followed a 'fairly familiar pattern'. 'What we noticed … is that they're all being called and taking place in areas where there is significant loyalist activity,' and are featuring a 'degree of paramilitary control', he told Al Jazeera. Holder also said such riots have mostly taken place during the summer, coinciding with the loyalist marching season, a tradition among Protestant and Loyalist communities that runs from Easter Monday to September. He struck a note of caution over accounts suggesting the involvement of Catholic nationalists in the unionist stronghold of Ballymena and said the notion of a broader 'coming together' of the two historic rivals was unlikely. Immigration appears to be the main concern for protesters. Since 2015, more than 1,800 Syrian refugees have been settled in Northern Ireland via the Syrian Vulnerable Persons Resettlement Scheme, which was renamed the Vulnerable Persons Relocation Scheme (NIRRS) in 2020. General immigration has been on the rise as well. Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) assembly member Paul Frew told the BBC that tensions over this have been rising for some time in Ballymena and people were 'frightened about illegal immigration'. Anger about austerity policies – and the retraction of welfare programmes – since the global financial crisis of 2008 has compounded concerns about immigration. Grievances over poor housing conditions and housing shortages, in particular, have been used to scapegoat migrants and to favour a narrative of 'mass uncontrolled migration that simply is not factually true', Holder said. The CAJ report, he said, found no clear correlation between the areas where violence has flared up in Northern Ireland since 2023 and poverty rates or high immigration rates. 'When you look at the pattern of where attacks are taking place, they're not in the most deprived areas,' Holder said. 'What this points to is that attacks involve particular far-right elements, including some elements of loyalist paramilitary organisations, rather than this being tied to either migration levels or deprivation.' Official figures from the Northern Ireland Assembly show that it is the least diverse part of the UK, with 3.4 percent of the population identifying as part of a minority ethnic group, compared with 18.3 percent in England and Wales and 12.9 percent in Scotland. According to the most recent census data in 2021, immigration to Northern Ireland is relatively low, but it is rising. The percentage of the population born outside of the UK rose from 6.5 percent in 2011 to 8.6 percent in 2021. Some ministers have been accused of fanning the flames of unrest. Several ministers condemned the violence in strong terms. First Minister Michelle O'Neill said the 'racist and sectarian attacks on families' were 'abhorrent and must stop immediately'. Finance Minister John O'Dowd described the attackers as 'racist thugs', while Justice Minister Naomi Long said the violence was 'completely unjustified and unjustifiable'. Chief Constable Jon Boutcher, who leads the Police Service of Northern Ireland, said, 'Hate-fuelled acts and mob rule do nothing but tear at the fabric of our society.' On Thursday, Communities Minister Gordon Lyons rejected calls for him to resign over a social media post in which he revealed the location of the leisure centre in Larne that was later attacked. Tyler Hoey, a Democratic Unionist Party councillor and local representative, condemned the violence but also accused the UK government of taking 'busloads' of unvetted migrants to the area. Sociologist John Nagle, who lectures at Queen's University in Belfast, told Al Jazeera that several unionist politicians condemned the riots while repeating the unfounded claim that Ballymena had become 'a dumping ground' for migrants. 'Although the government has quickly come out to denounce the protests, to some extent that has been caveated by some politicians who are trying to use this as a way to highlight their opposition towards migration and refugees,' Nagle said. Sociologist Ruth McAreavey, who lectures at Newcastle University, said general surveys show that Northern Ireland has become more welcoming towards migrants over time and less likely to want to see reduced levels of immigration. The Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey found that 94 percent of respondents in 2024 said they would be willing to accept a person from a minority ethnic group in their area, compared with only 53 percent who said they would feel comfortable in 2005. However, McAreavey said fast-paced demographic changes have taken place within a 'socially conservative place' as it navigates global economic upheavals, including the decline of its predominantly industrial economy, most notably in the shipbuilding and textile sectors. 'There is a level of discontent that people are taking to the streets,' McAreavey said, adding that this was compounded by austerity measures that rolled back the welfare state. 'The lack of those resources does not help for the incorporation of different social groups into society and to help achieve social cohesion,' she said. 'People feel they're not in control and things are happening to them, as opposed to a more natural, organic change.'
