Common condition plaguing 1 in 6 Brits ‘increases the risk of deadly dementia'
FROM diabetes to high blood pressure, several health conditions have been linked to dementia over the years.
And now there's new evidence for another one to be added to the list - as scientists have found depression increases the risk of the mind-robbing disease in both mid and later life.
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Previous studies have shown that people with depression are more likely to develop dementia later in life.
But there's been a lot of debate about when depression matters most, whether it's depression that starts in midlife - in your 40s or 50s, or depression that appears later in life - in your 60s or beyond.
The new research, led by Jacob Brain and Maha Alshahrani from the Institute of Mental Health and School of Medicine at the University of Nottingham, University of Adelaide and the Dementia Centre of Excellence at Curtin University in Australia, brings together all the existing evidence and adds new analysis to examine this timing in more detail.
Mr Brain said: "Our study shows that depression is linked to an increased risk of dementia in both midlife and late life.
"This highlights the importance of recognising and treating depression across the life course, not just for mental health, but also as part of a broader strategy to protect brain health.
"Public health efforts need to place greater emphasis on preventative brain health, including scaling up access to effective mental health care."
The research team gathered and reviewed all the best available data from systematic reviews with meta-analyses (a statistical method that combines results from multiple studies to provide a more reliable overall estimate), that had already looked at the link between depression and dementia.
They then went a step further by extracting and re-analysing data from the individual studies within those reviews, plus they added in newer studies that were missed in the earlier work.
Mr Brain added: 'We specifically focused on the timing of when depression was measured, whether it was measured in midlife or in later life, and calculated how much it increased the risk of developing dementia.
"This essentially allowed us to provide a more accurate and up-to-date picture of how depression at different life stages is linked to dementia risk.'
There are many treatments available on the NHS to help with low mood and depression
The potential links between depression and dementia are complex and may include chronic inflammation, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation, vascular changes, alterations to neurotrophic factors and neurotransmitter imbalances.
Shared genetic and behavioural related changes may also increase the risks.
In Autumn 2022 it was found about 16 per cent of adults (around one in six) in Great Britain experienced moderate to severe depressive symptoms.
Depression can also be a symptom of dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease, which can cause mood changes.
The challenges of living with dementia, such as memory loss and difficulty with daily tasks, can also contribute to feelings of sadness and hopelessness.
Dementia affects over 57 million people globally.
There's currently no cure, so identifying and treating the factors to reduce the risk, such as depression, should be an important public health priority, stress the researchers.
Depression can manifest in many ways.
We all feel a bit low from time to time.
But depression is persistent and can make a person feel helpless and unable to see a way through.
They may also struggle to about daily life.
Mind says these are some common signs of depression that you may experience:
How you might feel
Down, upset or tearful
Restless, agitated or irritable
Guilty, worthless and down on yourself
Empty and numb
Isolated and unable to relate to other people
Finding no pleasure in life or things you usually enjoy
Angry or frustrated over minor things
A sense of unreality
No self-confidence or self-esteem
Hopeless and despairing
Feeling tired all the time
How you might act
Avoiding social events and activities you usually enjoy
Self-harming or suicidal behaviour
Difficulty speaking, thinking clearly or making decisions
Losing interest in sex
Difficulty remembering or concentrating on things
Using more tobacco, alcohol or other drugs than usual
Difficulty sleeping, or sleeping too much
No appetite and losing weight, or eating more than usual and gaining weight
Physical aches and pains with no obvious physical cause
Moving very slowly, or being restless and agitated
If you feel this way, visit your GP who can help you.
If you, or anyone you know, needs help dealing with mental health problems, the following organisations provide support.
The following are free to contact and confidential:
Samaritans, www.samaritans.org, 116 123, jo@samartiands.org.uk
CALM (the leading movement against suicide in men) www.thecalmzone.net, 0800 585 858
Papyrus (prevention of young suicide) www.papyrus-uk.org, 0800 068 41 41
Shout (for support of all mental health) www.giveusashout.org/get-help/, text 85258 to start a conversation
Mind, www.mind.org, provide information about types of mental health problems and where to get help for them. Email info@mind.org.uk or call the infoline on 0300 123 3393 (UK landline calls are charged at local rates, and charges from mobile phones will vary).
YoungMinds run a free, confidential parents helpline on 0808 802 5544 for parents or carers worried about how a child or young person is feeling or behaving. The website has a chat option too.
Rethink Mental Illness, www.rethink.org, gives advice and information service offers practical advice on a wide range of topics such as The Mental Health Act, social care, welfare benefits, and carers rights. Use its website or call 0300 5000 927 (calls are charged at your local rate).
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