Get the 'dirt' out of your laundry with these nontoxic detergents
Who doesn't love the smell of clean laundry? Well, for one, the experts who study the chemicals often used to create those "fresh clean scents." Yes, there can be potentially harmful ingredients lurking in your linens — particularly when it comes to fragrance. "Fragrances in laundry products can contain hidden chemicals — phthalates, parabens, among other compounds — and those hidden chemicals can impact human health, from [triggering] allergies to [causing] endocrine disruption,' says Courtney Griffin, director of Consumer Product Safety at the Consumer Federation of America.
That's because "laundry products are subject to a patchwork of federal and state regulations,' says Griffin. "There is no mandatory pre-market approval for products." Which means that you can be exposed to potentially harmful ingredients, including:
Boron compounds, including boric acid, sodium borate and disodium tetraborate. Used to balance pH and stabilize the enzymes that break up stains, these chemical compounds "are linked to reproductive and developmental toxicity," says Griffin. However, these links are typically only found at high levels of exposure and are generally considered safe for use in cleaning products.
Optical brighteners — used to make your clothes "sparkling white" — are really just fluorescent chemicals added to detergents to give the appearance of a brighter white. Some research connects them to skin sensitization and reproductive health concerns, but the main issue is that "they get into the water supply and are toxic to aquatic life," says Samara Geller, senior director of cleaning science for the Environmental Working Group (EWG), a nonprofit that certifies and rates cleaning and other products based on the risk they pose to human health and the environment.
Fabric softeners almost always contain chemicals called quaternary ammonia compounds — frequently referred to as "quats" or QACs — which have been linked to birth defects in laboratory animals and may cause asthma, although long-term effects on wider human toxicity are unknown.
It's not easy to read through and decipher the, um, laundry list of ingredients in laundry products. And potentially hazardous ingredients can be listed under many different (and long) names. The good news is that independent organizations and agencies, including EWG and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have created reliable databases of products that meet certain standards for human and environmental safety.
"To choose laundry products that are less likely to be toxic or irritating, first, consumers can look for fragrance-free options that will eliminate some of the potentially hazardous chemicals," says Griffin. "It's important to note that 'Unscented' is not the same as fragrance-free, because those products can still contain masking fragrance. Second, they can look for labels that signify stricter safety standards, like EPA Safer Choice or EWG Verified."
If you're really attached to the lavender-scented towels, the Safer Choice label will help you find products with healthier ingredients. "Consumers grow really attached to fragrance," says Jennie Romer, a former EPA appointee and author of Can I Recycle This? "But there are ways to achieve fragrance without potentially harmful chemicals." Safer Choice maintains a "safer chemical ingredient list" that includes a safer fragrance palette for manufacturers to use.
"Before a product can carry the Safer Choice label, EPA scientists review all chemical ingredients, regardless of their percentage in the product," says Molly Vaseliou, associate administrator of public affairs for the EPA. "Every ingredient must meet safety criteria for both human health and the environment, including carcinogenicity [whether it's been associated with cancer risk], reproductive/developmental toxicity, toxicity to aquatic life, and persistence in the environment." The Safer Choice label guarantees that a product:
Does not contain chemicals that are linked to cancer, fertility problems or other human health problems, especially from frequent use.
Is better for indoor air quality and associated respiratory concerns.
Meets pH standards that minimize the potential for skin and eye injury.
Meets low environmental toxicity limits and/or biodegrades quickly.
EWG has some of the strictest health and safety standards of all certification programs, requiring that any product it certifies as "EWG Verified" not contain any "unacceptable ingredients, which include ingredients with health, ecotoxicity and/or contamination concern," says Geller. For that reason, there are fewer products that pass their muster, but they also rank other products by level of concern, with "A" being "low-concern" to "F" signifying "worst."
Here's a guide to widely available products that are either certified Safer Choice or EWG Verified or carry the EWG low-concern rank of "A."
It is tough to find a safe alternative to fabric softeners, so Geller recommends "skipping fabric softener if you can" until companies are able to come up with a less potentially harmful alternative. Dryer balls are a safe option that can soften clothes and decrease drying time.
If you just can't skip the softening step, check out these less harmful options:
Courtney Griffin, director of Consumer Product Safety at the Consumer Federation of America
Samara Geller, senior director of cleaning science for the Environmental Working Group
Jennie Romer, a former EPA appointee and author of Can I Recycle This?
Molly Vaseliou, associate administrator of public affairs for the Environmental Protection Agency
Our health content is for informational purposes only and is not intended as professional medical advice. Consult a medical professional on questions about your health.
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