The most dangerous creatures lurking in top sunshine spots loved by Irish tourists – and how to avoid holiday hell

The Irish Sun

a day ago

WITH the summer season just days away, many will be jetting off for holidays abroad in search of some warmer weather.
But one thing that may not be on your mind is the dangerous creatures that can sometimes live in these places.
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From horror shark attacks to insect bites, there are countless things to be aware of.
It is believed that between 47 and 70 people are attacked by sharks each year, unprovoked.
And hundreds of thousands more are bitten by a variety of insects causing an array of
So if you're heading on
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SPAIN
Asp Viper
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The Asp Viper is one of Europe's most venomous snakes
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Spain has a very large wildlife ecosystem, and some can be potentially dangerous to humans.
First up is one of
With a distinctive triangular head and a stout body, they are usually shy but can bite if threatened.
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The venom includes hemotoxins that can cause pain, swelling, nausea, and in rare and severe cases, death.
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To prevent a bite, wear sturdy boots, stick to marked paths and be careful when moving rocks.
Mediterranean Black Widow
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The Mediterranean black widow
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Next is the Mediterranean Black Widow (Latrodectus tredecimguttatus) which is found throughout the country, especially in the Mediterranean in warm environments like gardens, fields and low shrubbery.
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This is one of the most venomous spiders throughout Europe, and a bite can cause severe pain, muscle cramps, sweating, and difficulty breathing.
Females are more dangerous than males and can be spotted by their black, bulbous body with red markings.
Ensure that you are careful in areas where they are common, and always check clothes that have been left outside.
Iberian Lynx
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The Iberian lynx is mainly found in Southern Spain
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Also found in Spain is the Iberian Lynx (Lynx pardinus), which is mainly found in southern Spain, especially in the Sierra Morena and Doñana National Park.
It is one of the rarest and most endangered wild cats in the world, and it is usually a solitary creature so doesn't really interact with humans - but if it did, it's sharp claws and teeth could cause harm.
To avoid threatening the Lynx, keep a safe distance and don't approach it.
PORTUGAL
Poisonous Spiders
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The Brown Recluse Spider is one of Portugal's most venomous spiders
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The largest is the Desertas Wolf Spider which is only found in the woods on the island of
Both other spiders are commonly found in urban areas including
Bites from these
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You should be careful when in dark and quiet places like sheds for Black Widows, which have an hourglass shape on their back.
To avoid the Brown Recluse, which has a shape of a violin on its back, you should check your shoes and shake them out before putting them on, as this is where they tend to hide.
Processionary Caterpillar
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A nest of Processionary caterpillars
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You should be wary of caterpillars, as the processionary caterpillar's hairs can cause severe allergic reactions if touched or breathed in.
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This is because their bodies are covered in tiny, barbed hairs that are filled with a toxic protein called thaumetopoein.
Nests and the insects are commonly seen between February and April in pine forests and more rural areas.
You should ensure to stay away from these nests and caterpillars.
Poisonous Snakes
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The Seoane's Viper is one of the poisonous snakes in Portugal
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There are two poisonous snakes in Portugal, including the Seoane's Viper and Lataste's Viper.
These are found in rural areas away from human and
The snakes thankfully usually stay out of people's way - but still, ensure not to approach them.
Ensure you wear proper boots when hiking, and keep to the marked trails.
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FRANCE
Asian Hornet
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Asian Hornet is larger than a bee and wasp
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The Asp Viper is also found in
Another dangerous
This is one of the 400 invasive species recorded in the country, and is larger than both a bee and a wasp.
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Its bite can be more painful than that of a bee or wasp, and can cause severe reactions or even death in those who are allergic to them.
To avoid them, stay away from nests and avoid attracting them by not leaving food or drinks outside and covering your food if eating outdoors.
Ticks
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Ticks can cause Lyme Disease
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You can also find ticks in France, with the danger growing in recent years.
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There are around 40 species of ticks in France, with 15 to 20 per cent of them found to carry the
They can be found in forests, wooded and long meadow grass, and even public and private gardens.
To avoid them, stay on marked paths and out of long grass, and ensure to use insect repellent.
Scolopendrid Centipede
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The large Scolopendrid Centipede is common to rocky areas
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Keep an eye out for the scolopendrid centipede, which can be found in French West Indies and the south of mainland France, along the
They will attack if they feel that they are in danger, and if they bite humans can cause pain and severe swelling.
To avoid any interactions with them, keep a clean and tidy area and use insect repellent.
AMERICA
Arizona Bark Scorpion
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The Arizona Bark Scorpion is the most dangerous in the USA
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Scorpions found in
The Arizona Bark Scorpion is the most dangerous in the USA, and carries a potentially lethal sting.
It is found in the Sonoran Desert, particularly in Arizona, southern California, southern Nevada, southwestern Utah, western New Mexico, Baja California, Sonora, and Chihuahua,
In the 1980's there were over 800 deaths in Mexico from the Bark scorpion.
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Bears
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Grizzly bears can reach 10ft
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There are different species of bears in the USA, and they are not cute and cuddly as portrayed in cartoons.
The brown bear and grizzly bear are the two most dangerous in America, though all of them have the capability to be dangerous.
The grizzly bear reaches 10ft and has very strong teeth.
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Though they mainly avoid human contact, if you see one you shouldn't run as they can reach very fast speeds of up to 40mph.
Instead, avoid eye contact and slowly back away, or play dead while protecting your head and neck.
If black bears feel threatened, they will attack - so you should avoid them at all costs.
Coyotes
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Coyotes have attacked 160 people in California over 30 years
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Coyotes are often referred to in
To avoid an attack, focus on prevention and be aware of your surroundings - and don't walk in areas where they are known to be active, especially at dawn or dusk.
AUSTRALIA
Shark
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Every year there are around 20 unprovoked shark attacks in Australia
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Possibly the most well-known and dangerous animal in
There are several species, but only the Great White Shark, Tiger Shark and Bull Shark present a lethal threat to humans.
Every year there are around 20 unprovoked shark attacks in Australia.
To avoid them, you should stay on or near the shore, and avoid swimming at dawn or dusk. Try to swim on beaches where there are lifeguards, and avoid murky waters or anywhere with a fishing sign.
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Box Jellyfish
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The Box Jellyfish has potent venom
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Another dangerous animal is the Box jellyfish, which have potent venom.
They are known for their cube-shaped bell and while there are over 50 species of them, and a few can cause death.
They are primarily found in the Indo-Pacific and northern Australia.
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To avoid a sting, you should stay out of the water during jellyfish season as it can cause paralysis, cardiac arrest, and even death.
Estuarine Crocodile
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The Estuarine Crocodile is known for extreme force
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You should also be aware of the Estuarine crocodile, which is found in rivers, estuaries, creeks, swamps, lagoons, and billabongs in the Solomon Islands, waterways from Rockhampton in Queensland, coastal Northern Territory and King Sound, near Broome in Western Australia.
They are known for their extreme force, making them potentially lethal to humans.
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In order to avoid them, you should have a good idea of where they live, and avoiding swimming in those areas.
Don't approach the water's edge, and be cautious when boating or fishing and remember to properly dispose of food and waste.
ITALY
Silver-Cheeked Toadfish, Lagocephalus sceleratus
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The silver-cheeked toadfish is very poisonous
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If you're going swimming in
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This species is widespread in the tropical and equatorial belts of both the Indian, Pacific and Mediterranean Oceans.
It was first recorded in Italy in 2013 on the island of Lampedusa, before it was found in Sicily, the Sicilian Channel and the Adriatic Sea.
The silver-cheeked toadfish is very poisonous, so you should make sure you stay well away.
Certain parts of the fish contain tetrodotoxin, which can cause respiratory paralysis and problems in the cardiovascular system.
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There have been fatal cases reported in
Atlantic Stargazer, Uranoscopus Scaber
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The Atlantic Stargazer lives at the bottom of the water
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This fish is found across the Mediterranean Sea, and is very common along Italian coasts.
It lives in soft sandy or muddy places at the bottom of the water, between 15 and over 100m.
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Their opercular spines are poisonous and the venom is destroyed by heat.
It is one of few fish that can generate an electric charge, so it's advised to stay away.
If you are in the water and see one, you should avoid touching it.
If you do, you should immerse the area in warm salty water for two hours, or in the sand for 30 minutes.
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Horned Viper
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The Horned viper is one of the most poisonous in Italy
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This is one of the most poisonous vipers in the Italian region.
It is mainly found in the Friuli Venezia Giulia and Veneto provinces in rocky areas, thickets, and sunny areas with vegetation.
It is usually very shy and not aggressive unless provoked.
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Its venom damages the victim's nervous system, and contains hemotoxins.
So if bitten, you may experience pain, swelling, dizziness, and discoloration may be immediate.
To avoid it, you should stay out of their habitats, wear protective clothing including thick boots and avoid reaching into dark spaces or flipping over rocks.
BELGIUM
Fire Salamander
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The Fire Salamander sprays a toxic substance from behind its eyes
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This common animal is black with yellow spots or stripes - some can be almost completely black while for others the yellow is dominant.
It is mainly found in areas with moist and deciduous forests along with small streams, including the Sonien Forest in
Bites are rare, and when they do happen they are usually not serious.
But when endangered, they spray a toxic substance, Samandarine, from glands behind the eyes which can cause serious health issues.
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To avoid them, stay on marked paths in forests, avoid touching them, and make sure dogs are kept on leads.
Common Adder
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The Common Adder is the only poisonous snake in Belgium
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This is Belgium's only poisonous snake and is a member of the Viperidae species.
It is mainly found in heathlands, moorlands, and woodland edges.
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If bitten, symptoms can range from mild to severe, and it's rarely fatal - though you should seek medical attention.
Initial symptoms include pain, swelling, redness and bruising.
More serious symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, difficulty breathing, and in rare cases anaphylactic shock.
Though luckily, it normally avoids humans - but it's important to keep your distance.
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Stay on footpaths, keep dogs on a lead and if you see one, stay calm and let it move away on its own.
CANADA
Moose
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The Moose can be dangerous to humans
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The moose is regarded one of the most dangerous animals in
They are mostly found on the margins of lakes and streams in rocky forest areas and on wooded hillsides in the western ranges.
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They can attack when agitated, and will charge if startled.
It weighs around 700kg, so it's important to avoid them.
They are more active around dusk and dawn, so remember this and stay aware of your surroundings whether you're driving or hiking.
If you do see one, stay calm and give it space, watch for signs that it is agitated including raised hair on its neck and back, pinned back ears, and constant licking of their lips.
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And if it charges at you, run.
Prairie Rattlesnake
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The Prairie Rattlesnake has deadly venom
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This is a very poisonous snake found in Southwestern Canada - especially in Alberta.
It has deadly venom, which can be fatal if it bites you, so it's important to stay away.
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If it does bite you, urgent medical attention is very important.
Though they usually don't attack normally, it can bite when disturbed or accidentally stepped on.
To avoid them, stay on marked paths and avoid potential hiding spots.
Wear boots, keep an eye out and listen for the snakes rattle.
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Wolves
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There are an estimated 60,000 wolves in Canada
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Canada has a significant wolf population, with over 60,000 estimated.
They are mostly found in provinces including British Columbia, Alberta, Ontario and Quebec.
They don't often hunt for humans, but when provoked they can react aggressively.
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Previous attacks have resulted in injuries ranging from scratches and puncture wounds to more severe injuries requiring plastic surgery and even death.
To avoid them, maintain a respectful distance, don't feed them, avoid enticement, and be aware of your surroundings.