Calls to prioritise climate resilient infrastructure
JOHANNESBURG - Africa is building but are the developments being made sustainably?
READ: African Regional Forum | Climate shocks and conflict threaten African health goals
As floods, droughts, and power cuts become part of daily life, experts say our infrastructure strategy needs more than concrete and cables; it needs better planning and long-term thinking.
The recent Devac Infrastructure Summit raised a bold question: are we future-proofing our infrastructure, or wasting funds on systems that won't survive the next crisis?
From training more artisans, to green design and sustainable materials, it's about building smarter, not just bigger.
Lesego Gaegane from the Water Research Commission discussed this with eNCA.
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The Citizen
2 days ago
- The Citizen
Initiation season in South Africa: why state regulation clashes with customary laws
Criticisms of initiation schools also reflect negative attitudes towards indigenous laws. Initiates seen at a circumcision school in Mthatha, Eastern Cape. Picture: Gallo Images / City Press / Denvor de Wee It's nearly winter in South Africa, which means the opening of winter initiation schools is approaching. These rituals mark a transition to adulthood and are deeply ingrained culturally. But they're often the subject of headlines because of deaths and safety issues. Now government is looking to tighten its enforcement of the Customary Initiation Act of 2021. We asked Anthony Diala, a scholar of African customary law, to break down the issues. What is traditional initiation in South Africa? Traditional initiation is a cultural rite of passage. Millions of South Africans observe varying forms of initiation rites to mark significant events such as birth, puberty, adulthood, marriage and death. Initiation reflects important ancestral ties, values and cultural identity. These rites vary from community to community. Male initiation among the Xhosa people of the Eastern Cape province, for example, includes circumcision and seclusion in specially constructed lodges away from communities. Initiates learn survival skills, cultural traditions and social responsibilities from tribal elders. Some training involves rituals and dietary restrictions. ALSO READ: Gauteng man arrested for illegal initiation school and taking in children Female initiation prepares girls for social roles as wives, mothers and aunts. Initiation ceremonies by the Bantwane of Mpumalanga province, for example, teach appropriate social and sexual behaviour for very young girls through a six-week rite of passage. They include real and symbolic circumcision. (Symbolic circumcision means a slight cut or 'nick from a trained health worker' rather than full circumcision.) In traditional communities, initiation to adulthood reflects intimate connections between farming practices, seasonal changes and ancestral rites. It reinforces the relationship between human development and agricultural productivity. So, it typically coincides with critical farming seasons and crop cultivation cycles. Why are initiation practices regulated? From my research on the interaction of legal systems, I know the state is mandated to protect public wellbeing. The Customary Initiation Act of 2021 asserts the state has a 'duty to set norms and standards' for initiation practices. There are good reasons for this. Initiation practices are sometimes accused of violating bodily autonomy and other human rights. There's concern about the abduction of boys into initiation schools, questionable consent of initiates, the risk of physical injury through negligence, poor hygienic conditions and unqualified traditional practitioners. Since 1995, hundreds of male Xhosa initiates have died from complications. Thousands have suffered penis amputations due to practitioner incompetence. READ MORE: Traditional leaders warn initiation schools to toe the line This health risk is the strongest argument for state regulation. But criticisms of initiation schools also reflect negative attitudes towards indigenous laws. Some Africans condemn their own indigenous practices because they have embraced western culture and its notions of civilised behaviour. The Europeans who colonised South Africa used Christianity, Eurocentric education and new systems of work to alter the behaviour of their subjects. They created new cultural values for Africans, who went on to replicate these values. South Africa adopted a western-style constitution and uses its foreign values to regulate indigenous practices. What does the new regulation propose? The Department of Cooperative Government and Traditional Affairs recently invited comments on Draft Customary Initiation Regulations. These will regulate the enforcement of the Customary Initiation Act by clarifying the roles of the National Initiation Oversight Committee and provincial initiation coordinating committees. The Customary Initiation Act itself demands the registration of initiation schools and traditional surgeons. It requires written consent from parents or legal guardians for minors, and forbids initiation for children under 16. It even restricts initiation seasons to school holidays. How does regulation reflect a clash between customary and common law? Indigenous laws cherish communal welfare. Common laws prioritise individual wellbeing. While indigenous laws emerged in agrarian (farming) settings, the laws imposed by European colonisers developed in industrial societies. The clash of cultures has been intense in the courts. European colonial judges refused to enforce customs they considered contrary to public policy, natural justice, equity or good conscience. READ MORE: Boy runs away to join initiation school, family given list of items to secure his return This enabled them to 'civilise' African behaviour. Today, the 'civilising' role is performed by Africans themselves using the constitution's bill of rights. The Customary Initiation Act wants to transform initiation practices to reflect the values in the bill of rights. Sections 15, 30-31, 39(3) and 211 of the constitution recognise customary law and mandate courts to apply it. But the bill itself emerged from foreign ideas. Specifically, it came from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948. Western powers adopted this with zero input from indigenous Africans. So, state regulation of initiation practices continues to make European laws culturally superior to indigenous African laws. What's the way forward? Obviously, the state is obliged to protect everyone's human rights, including those of initiates. But traditional communities also have a constitutional right to practise their culture without undue state influence. Therefore, a balance needs to be struck between protecting teenagers and preserving culture. In striking this balance, everyone must keep in mind the agrarian origins of initiation rites and the colonial origins of the modern South African state. In the precolonial era, families and tribal leaders had the duty of protecting initiates. There is no reason why this should not continue. READ MORE: Initiation schools: Commission wants answers on why recommendations haven't been carried out State regulation should be limited to establishing minimum health standards and providing training for traditional practitioners. In my view, it should leave age participation guidelines and informed consent to traditional authorities. This would be a sign that the state respects indigenous law as a legitimate source of law in South Africa. To assuage health concerns, some initiation rites can be performed symbolically. Traditional practitioners can be trained to incorporate modern health knowledge without compromising cultural authenticity. This will improve health standards. Hopefully, it will also reduce negative perceptions of initiation practices. This article was republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article here.
eNCA
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Ladles of Love launches 2025 Mandela Day campaign
JOHANNESBURG - With Mandela Day just around the corner, leading hunger relief organisation, Ladles of Love, is launching its 2025 Mandela Day campaign. The theme is 'Make Every Day a Mandela Day and Feed the Future.' WATCH | Nelson Mandela Day | One act of kindness goes a long way The aim is to fight child food poverty through large-scale volunteerism and purpose-driven partnerships. The founder and CEO of Ladles of Love, Danny Diliberto, joined eNCA to discuss the initiative.
TimesLIVE
4 days ago
- TimesLIVE
Africa Day 2025: online safety and African moderators' plight as human rights
With the 2025 Africa Day celebrations done and dusted in May, we must pause and reflect on the state of online safety on the continent and listen to the desperate plights of African digital platform workers, including content moderators in Kenya whose task is to keep the social media platforms clean and free from harm. This is relevant as the theme for this year's Africa Day held on May 25 was the Year of reparation and justice for Africans and people of African descent. These issues are the core of human rights, impacting on reparation and justice that we are striving for this year. ..
