European Union set to reform Frontex again in 2026
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The European Commission will propose new legislation in 2026 to reform Frontex, the European Union's border agency, with the aim of strengthening its presence, role and responsibilities, a European Commission spokesperson told Euronews.
The Commission intends 'to reinforce Frontex, to further enhance border security and strengthen EU cooperation in the face of evolving threats,' the spokesperson said.
Frontex is becoming an increasingly significant agency for EU countries, as migration and border management remain politically charged in mainstream political debate.
The agency manages EU borders for the passage of migrants, but also to combat cross border crimes connected to illegal trafficking of a wide range of goods.
"It started with being more of an information hub, a coordination mechanism, and it was only in 2019 when [Frontex] mandate became executive," the agency's executive director Hans Leijtens said in an interview with Euronews. "So, only six years ago we changed from being this hub in between member states to really having our own uniformed, armed, European staff."
Based in Warsaw, the agency supports EU member states with managing their borders by providing personnel, resources, and equipment. On the ground, it assists with the implementation of EU rules, such as the migration and asylum pact, a group of laws approved in the last mandate. Frontex also engages with non-EU countries through ad hoc cooperation agreements.
The new reform is set to see a significant increase of staff, resources, and border control equipment but also more roles for the agency in upcoming border management legislation and operational support in non-EU countries.
Role on returns
The European Commission put forward new legislation on migrant returns this February. Before the publication of the law, certain EU countries expressed their will to give Frontex a major role on returns and potentially, a wider presence in non-EU countries, according to a document seen by Euronews.
Frontex's role in returns could be part of its new reform. At the moment the agency can provide 'operational and technical support' when an EU country requests it, in order to repatriate rejected asylum seekers or foreign people with no right to stay.
Frontex's agents could be involved within the different phases of the process, both when the return is 'voluntary' (the returnee travels as a regular passenger on a commercial flight) or it is 'forced' (where the returnee is put on a flight and escorted to their country of origin).
"After we return people, we have a so-called post-return programme, which is meant to help people pick up their lives again. And for this, we hire actually NGOs to perform this on our behalf with European Frontex funding," Leijtens told Euronews.
In 2022, Frontex
supported
the return of 24,850 people, 40% of whom returned voluntarily. In 2023, its involvement increased jumped to 58%,
according
to the NGO Statewatch.
Related
Exclusive: EU Commission poised to propose migrant 'return hubs' in legislation
Increasing staff
In 2019, the
reform approved
an increase of staff up to 10,000 officers by 2027. "Right now we are still in the build-up, so in 2027 we should have 10,000 [agents], to be deployed in 2028. And this is composed of three categories: our own Frontex staff, short-term secondments from Member State and long-term secondments. Of this [10,000], 3,000 should be Frontex own staff," said Leijtens.
According to the agency's
website
, Frontex counted over 2,100 staff members in 2023 in total. But the number increased significantly in the last years: currently, Frontex has 8,000 officers, of which 1,500 are directly employed by the agency - the rest are member states' staff members on short and long term assignment, a Frontex spokesperson said.
In the new reform the staff will sharply increase. European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen proposed to triple the agency staff based on the 2027 goal - which would mean a target of up to 30,000 officers. But there will be no deadline on when Frontex should reach such numbers, a European Commission spokesperson told Euronews.
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A Frontex spokesperson said it is "too early to discuss any details" when asked to comment on the numbers.
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