Scientists warn over 'awakening' European supervolcano eruption
Following a number of powerful earthquakes at Campi Flegrei in Italy, scientists are alarmed that a major eruption could be pending
Scientists believe a European supervolcano is "awakening" amid fears it could devastate food supplies worldwide.
Following a number of powerful earthquakes at Campi Flegrei in Italy, scientists are alarmed that a major eruption could be pending. More than 3,000 smaller tremors have already been recorded in the past six months.
Furthermore, the Phlegraean Fields near Naples were hit by a 4.4 magnitude earthquake in May, which scientists said was the strongest in 40 years.
An increase in seismic activity normally precedes as pressure builds up underground. Scientists say minor tremors can weaken the rock above the volcano's magma chamber, making it easier for magma to break through. Geologists have also noted a significant increase in gases being released from the volcano.
In addition, carbon dioxide emissions from Campi Flegrei have skyrocketed, with Italy's National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (INGV) reporting daily levels between 4,000 and 5,000 tons.
Increased gas emissions often indicate that magma is moving nearer to the surface, exerting more pressure on the volcano. This indicates that the magma is releasing gases, a strong sign that it might be moving closer to the surface.
The remaining 20 percent of the gas comes from hot fluids reacting with subterranean rocks, a natural process that doesn't necessarily signal an impending eruption.
Scientists monitor these gas emissions, ground swelling, and thousands of minor earthquakes as they are crucial warning signs of potential eruptions.
When magma ascends, it forces gases out, building pressure within the volcano. Excessive pressure can lead to cracks and trigger a perilous eruption.
Christopher R. J. Kilburn, leading volcanologist of IGNV, said: "Distinguishing between gas emissions caused by magma movement versus those resulting from natural rock interactions is absolutely critical."
Campi Flegrei could pose a devastating threat to over four million people living in Naples's metropolitan area. The damage produced by the lava flows would likely cut off power, water supplies, and electricity.
Authorities in Naples have critical evacuation plans for the millions living in the area. However, if an eruption were to happen, volcanic gases could cause years of cooler temperatures that would threaten food supplies worldwide. The damage would also be felt worldwide, with ash clouds halting flights.
Although Campi Flegrei last erupted in 1538, scientists believe it has shown signs in last few decades. It is not possible to predict when an eruption might happen, but recent activity indicates it could be sooner rather than later. "We are seeing a clear progression toward a state where rupture is more likely," the scientists revealed. Officials raised the volcano's alert level from green to yellow in 2012.
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