Montreal businessman sentenced to 3 and a half years in U.S. prison for laundering bitcoin
A Montreal business owner, Firoz Patel, will spend another three and a half years in U.S. federal prison after being sentenced for laundering $43 million US worth of Bitcoin following an earlier conviction for operating an unlicensed money-transmitting business.
Patel, 50, pleaded guilty to obstruction of an official proceeding for attempting to hide the Bitcoin from U.S. prosecutors.
He was initially convicted to conspiracy charges and sentenced to 36 months in U.S. prison in 2020. Patel had been running an illegal payment processing company called Payza (originally AlertPay). According to U.S. court records, Payza was involved in high-risk activities, such as Ponzi schemes, multilevel-marketing scams and pyramid schemes, among others.
Patel was the subject of CBC investigations, which were made possible by leaked documents obtained by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) as part of the worldwide Pandora Papers investigation and shared exclusively with its Canadian partners, CBC and The Toronto Star.
When Patel was sentenced by then-District Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson, who is now a U.S. Supreme Court justice, he was ordered to forfeit 450 Bitcoin (valued at $24 million US then and now $43 million US).
But Patel told a probation officer and the court that his only assets were $30,000 US in a retirement savings account.
"Rather than comply, shortly after his sentencing but before reporting to prison, Patel began consolidating Payza's illicit cryptocurrency proceeds and attempted to deposit them with Binance, a virtual currency exchange," according to the U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Columbia.
Binance ended up freezing the funds and Patel attempted to deposit them in an offshore account. Those funds were flagged and American law enforcement opened an investigation.
Patel somehow became aware of the investigation into his bitcoins, though, and enlisted an accomplice to impersonate an attorney and negotiate with the U.S. Attorney's Office until his 36-month sentence was up. He planned to flee to Canada at that point.
Investigators discovered the impersonation in time and indicted Patel in May 2023.
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Canada Standard
32 minutes ago
- Canada Standard
"Canadian politicians must distance themselves from extremists": Journalist Mocha Bezirgan alleges assault by Khalistanis at Vancouver rally
Vancouver [Canada], June 8 (ANI): An independant Canadian investigative journalist on Sunday alleged that he was physically assaulted and 'threatened' by a group of Khalistan supporters and had his phone snatched while reporting their rally in Vancouver. The journalist, Mocha Bezirgan, who posted his ordeal on social media platform X said that the Khalistani extremist movement in Canada has raised serious security concerns and strained ties between India and Canada. 'It just happened two hours ago and I'm still shaking,' Bezirgan told ANI in a phone interview. 'They acted like thugs - crowding in on me, grabbing my phone, trying to stop me recording.' The incident occurred while Bezirgan was in Vancouver city to cover a rally organised by Khalistan supporters. The Canadian journalist described the attack as 'thuggery' and said he was targeted for his editorial independence and past coverage of Khalistan-related protests. Earlier he took to X to post, 'I've been surrounded by a group of Khalistanis who grabbed my phone out of my hand and threatened me. Naturally I'm a bit shaken, but not deterred.' Bezirgan further said that the pro-Khalistan movement has led to acts of vandalism, intimidation, and violent rhetoric, despite not being widespread within the Sikh community. On being asked about Khalistani extremism, the Canadian investigative journalist said, 'This is a movement headed by Sikhs for Justice (SFJ). They are the ones organising it, and most of the time, it's the same people attending these protests, whether it be in Ontario, British Columbia, US, UK, New Zealand. They mobilise people to come from local Gurudwaras to create a little bit of crowd, but there are bigger political organizations like the World Sikh Organization which is based in Canada and they are they have a troubled history and they do the political cover in Canada. He highlighted that larger political organizations such as the World Sikh Organization, based in Canada, provide political cover for the movement. 'Their executives include current and former MPs and ministers, who have spread influence across Canadian institutions,' said the Canadian journalist. Bezirgan also expressed concern over the reluctance of Canadian politicians to condemn these extremist groups. 'Conservative leader Pierre Poilievre, the NDP, and some Liberal MPs recently attended a Nagar Kirtan in Surrey, BC, which had significant Khalistani influence. They shared the stage with Santokh Singh Kelha, a convicted Sikh Canadian who conspired to bomb an airplane,' Bezirgan said. Bezirgan condemned the glorification of violence by these groups, who the journalist said speak openly about plans to ambush and kill India's current Prime Minister Narendra Modi. '...Because of the tensions between Canada and India, it's a very highly political subject, but I feel like we are disregarding what's happening underground. What these people are saying, how they are exercising their free speech while they are celebrating the assassins of Indira Gandhi and saying that they are going to ambush and kill India's Prime Minister, Modi's politics at the G7. I asked them Are you going to kill his politics the same way you killed Indira Gandhi's politics? Because they refer to the assassins as their forefathers. They say we are the descendants of the killers of Indira Gandhi, and they are glorifying these acts of violence...' 'It is disturbing that Canadian politicians continue to associate with such extremists, despite their violent history and inflammatory rhetoric,' Bezirgan said. He warned that lack of media coverage and public awareness in Canada allows such events and political participation to go unchecked. Bezirgan called for greater accountability and awareness to prevent normalization of extremism. 'As a citizen, I expect my representatives to distance themselves from extremists and those with violent pasts.' The investigative journalist emphasized that ignoring these issues would embolden extremist groups and escalate tensions between India and Canada. 'Today's thuggery I was subjected to was not the first time,' said the journalist who posted visuals on his social media platform X about an event from March 2024 when 'Khalistan supporters, armed with daggers, swords, and spears, gathered in Edmonton, Alberta to protest against India's high commissioner to Canada.' Meanwhile, Prime Minister Narendra Modi confirmed on June 6 that he will represent India at the upcoming G-7 summit in Canada next week, after he was invited by Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney during a telephone call. (ANI)
Vancouver Sun
an hour ago
- Vancouver Sun
'Buy Canadian': Here are 6 of the best homegrown condiment brands
The 'Buy Canadian' movement is stronger than ever. Seven in ten seek homegrown products when they shop (68 per cent, up five points from February), and more than half look at labels to avoid items made in the United States, according to a Narrative Research poll. Proving that shopping local is no sacrifice, from innovative ways to slash sugar and sodium to time-honoured traditions, these six Canadian condiment companies make meals more delicious. One of them is a dramatic example of how the 'Buy Canadian' movement can change the trajectory of a small business overnight. Most have experienced a boost in sales and are finding grocery buyers more receptive because of the rise of patriotic consumerism. All are available Canada-wide at retailers or via their websites. Discover the best of B.C.'s recipes, restaurants and wine. By signing up you consent to receive the above newsletter from Postmedia Network Inc. A welcome email is on its way. If you don't see it, please check your junk folder. The next issue of West Coast Table will soon be in your inbox. Please try again Interested in more newsletters? Browse here. The condiment market is growing. With customers increasingly seeking out ' bold, international tastes ,' it's only expected to expand. A dab of mustard, a dash of hot sauce or a drizzle of chili oil can make the difference between a ho-hum meal and a phenomenal one. These producers reflect the diversity of Canada's communities, whether expressing their heritage through flavour or creating something wholly new from homegrown ingredients. 'I'm loving how Canadians are recognizing all of the things that are available in our home,' says Asha Wheeldon, founder and CEO of Vancouver's KULA Foods . 'We have so many brands. We have so much richness of ingredients grown in Alberta, in B.C., and across Canada that we have access to.' From whisky to bean-to-bar chocolate to cheese , many food and drink businesses have seen an uptick in sales since the 'Buy Canadian' movement started gaining momentum in February. What Shenul Williams's condiment business, Aki's Fine Foods , experienced was more than a mere boost — it was a tsunami. In March, Williams talked to her family about possibly having to close her Pickering, Ont.-based company. 'I was just venting,' Williams recalls. '(I said), 'We can't take another whip like we took through COVID, and these tariffs are going to kill us. We can't survive.' Her daughter, Aliza Welch, took action. Unbeknownst to Williams, Welch posted about Aki's Fine Foods on a 'Buy Canadian' Reddit thread . The post went viral, and online sales are up 6,000 per cent. 'She's my hero. She's been there for me, thick and thin,' Williams says of Welch. 'My mom has been operating via word of mouth for 38 years, and until I made that post, that's the only real social media presence this company has had,' says Welch, laughing. 'That's how you know her sauces are good because she's been in business for this long.' At first, they were concerned that the surge of interest in Aki's Indo-African condiments, including pickles, chutneys and barbecue marinades, would fade, but it hasn't. People across Canada are placing orders — with customers in British Columbia, Newfoundland and Ontario showing the most enthusiasm — and Williams hand-writes a thank-you card to each one. 'The way Canadians have been rallying behind my mom has been unlike anything I've ever seen before — and how they continue to rally behind my mom,' says Welch, now Aki's marketing and outreach director (on top of her job in health care). 'We just cannot thank them enough.' Williams's parents, the late Aki and Daulat Virji, founded the company in 1986. After Aki got cancer in 1989, Williams became CEO. 'A young kid on the block and taking over, it was really hard, especially not knowing anything about the business,' she says. 'It was a very rough time, but I think (the sentimental value) kept me going all these years. We've had ups and downs, but that's what made me survive.' Originally from Tanzania, Williams's products reflect her East African birthplace and Indian heritage. 'With the Indian fusion, they're really, really robust flavour,' she says. Welch sees the longevity of Aki's Fine Foods as a sign that Canadians want condiments that taste like 'someone's auntie' made them, using fresh ingredients in small batches. Aki's medium-hot Coriander Chutney is a top seller, and Welch likes to put it on everything from avocado toast to eggs. (She recommends the Red Hot Jamaican Chutney for heat lovers.) Mango Chutney, Chili Ginger Pickle, and Garlic and Ginger Paste are also popular. In 2024, Aki's Zanzibar Spice BBQ Marinade was named the best sauce at Vancouver's Grocery and Specialty Food West trade show. Since Welch's post, Aki's has secured a national distributor, and stores that stocked some products want to include a broader range. Other major and independent retailers have also expressed interest, which Welch says is the direct result of thousands of customers requesting Aki's condiments. 'I don't think I realized before all of this how much of an impact we had as individual Canadians and buyers of products. People tell you, 'Be aware of how you spend your money. It makes a difference.' And until seeing how this influenced my mom, I didn't realize how much power we had,' says Welch. Williams adds: 'My life changed overnight.' Using only koji, rice, water, hazelnuts, cocoa and sea salt, Montreal's La Brasserie San-Ô makes a chocolate spread that will leave you asking, 'Nutella who?' Its no-sugar-added, dairy-free Koji Cocoa Spread won the silver innovation award at SIAL Canada in April, North America's largest food innovation trade show. It stood out among 170 applications from 13 countries 'as an indulgent but better-for-you spread.' Husband-and-wife team Noriko Suzuki and Yota Suzuki founded the company in 2021 (formerly known as Koji Soupe & Labo) with restaurateur Masum Rahman, owner of Buffet Maharani , where they started production before moving to a dedicated fermentation lab. Yota was a sake brewer in the Suzukis' native Japan. The couple was familiar with amazake ('sweet sake') — the first step of sake-making embraced as a naturally sweet, low-alcohol or non-alcoholic drink in its own right — and aimed for more concentrated sweetness. Noriko began using it as a sugar alternative. Then, her thoughts turned to breakfast. 'What if we can use amazake as a chocolate spread?' It all started with koji. 'This is a really magic ingredient to enhance umami in any kind of cuisine,' says Noriko, president of La Brasserie San-Ô. Koji, grain (such as rice or barley) inoculated with the mould Aspergillus oryzae, is 'the heart of Japanese fermentation.' It lays the foundation for many condiments, such as miso, mirin, soy sauce and pickles. Though the Suzukis knew about koji, Noma , the legendary Copenhagen restaurant, inspired them to experiment beyond traditional uses. (David Zilber, the former head of Noma's fermentation lab and co-author of The Noma Guide to Fermentation , and current director Kevin Jeung are both from Toronto .) 'We try many, many new products. When I show the products to Japanese soy sauce companies or miso companies, they say, 'Oh, this is not miso.' 'But this is not soy sauce.' Noma opened our eyes,' says Noriko. In addition to its cocoa spread, La Brasserie San-Ô makes artisanal condiments such as richly flavoured red and mellow white misos and salt and soy sauce koji , which Noriko recommends using in salads or as a marinade for proteins to enhance umami and tenderness. She highlights that only seven per cent of the soybeans used to make Japanese miso are domestic — most are grown in countries like Canada, shipped to Japan and then sent back in miso form. At La Brasserie San-Ô, they use Quebec soybeans, making their misos a wholly local product. When they started the business, koji was lesser-known. Today, word is spreading. Most of their customers are chefs in cities such as Montreal, Quebec City and Ottawa, which Noriko credits to Noma's influence. 'Even chefs who said at that time, 'We don't use koji because we're a French restaurant,' are getting back (in touch, saying), 'Maybe we can use your products,'' she says, laughing. The Suzukis enjoy experimenting with koji to create new condiments, such as an upcycled coffee teriyaki sauce fermented using spent espresso grounds and koji, vegan oyster sauce, ketchup and Indian seasonings. 'We're really having fun incorporating new types of dishes with Japanese condiments. When I was in Japan, we only used these condiments to cook Japanese food, but since we came here, we've found many global ingredients to incorporate with koji condiments. So, I want to explain and expand this interesting field to the Canadian market,' says Noriko. 'It's such a good journey for us as well. The story started when we immigrated to this country. That really opened our horizons.' In 2020, as people across Canada found themselves managing three meals a day within four walls, Jannine Rane and Anush Sachdeva were also in the throes of the 'what's for dinner' dilemma. 'We really were just trying to figure out a way where we could have that variety, which is the reality of how most people eat today. (It's) based on wanting a mix of cultures, wanting that convenience, but then also the reality of what's in the fridge at 6:23 on a Tuesday,' says Rane, co-founder and CEO of Zing Pantry Shortcuts in Toronto. The average Canadian knows seven recipes , she adds, which is in stark contrast to our growing appetite for global flavours. According to Canadian Grocer , Korean, Japanese, Filipino and Thai cuisines are driving 24 per cent growth in the multicultural food category. 'How we want to eat and how we eat — there was no real overlap there. So that was the pain point. How do we eat what we want without having to spend hours in the kitchen? And the inspiration was really restaurants,' says Rane. 'How does a restaurant get a plate of dinner from the kitchen to your table in 20 minutes? The secret sauce is the secret sauce, quite literally.' Rane and Sachdeva co-founded Zing with their friend Kiran Singh, a chef, to bottle sauces that brought flavour 'without compromising on quality or health. And doing it in a way that is also an homage to Canada and reflects the communities we live in.' Over the past five years, they've partnered with Canadian chefs and food creators to develop a range of condiments, including Vincent Ng's Mala Savoury Chili Salt , Pay Chen's Sacha-ish Chili Miso Condiment and Christine Flynn's Buzz Hot Honey . They make their products in a Mississauga facility and manage all aspects of the business in-house. Rane says that Zing built its business with independent grocers, small boutiques and coffee shops willing to take a chance on something new. It's now available at more than 700 retailers nationwide, including Metro, Whole Foods Market and Fortinos. Zing's top seller is one of its original products, Hakka-ish Chili Crisp . It's been so popular that there's now a Garlic Chili Crunch version. In 2020, Zing was one of a handful of companies in Canada making chili crisp. People often asked Rane what it was — but no longer, which she sees as evidence of how much more frequently people seek out these flavours. According to Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , chili sauces, such as chili crisp, are seeing the greatest growth in the 'cooking and table sauce' segment, the largest sauce category. Many people have advised Zing to move its operations to the United States, but Rane has resisted each time. She says running a Canadian small business in a consolidated industry and an uncertain economy isn't easy, but her absolute belief in their work keeps her going. 'We took a leap of faith,' says Rane. 'There was no one doing what we were doing at the time. We're that example for folks that are starting now. So, I hope it's the beginning of a wave of more Canadians being excited and proud of what we have to offer and just doing it — because I think we can and should.' As a self-described 'flavour hunter,' the condiment category is a natural place for Asha Wheeldon to be. Since founding KULA Foods in Vancouver in 2018, she's continually innovated. Raised in Toronto, Wheeldon launched the company to provide a taste of the regional African and Caribbean cuisines she missed from her hometown in plant-based proteins and condiments: red pepper and Scotch bonnet barbecue sauces and the warmly spiced, Kenyan-inspired pili pili hot sauce. In 2021, KULA reformulated its sauces to remove all added sugar. 'We wanted to create sauces that didn't have so much sugar content in there, thinking about health needs for someone who has diabetes or is just looking to reduce sugar intake, but also to be able to achieve the flavour in their foods,' says Wheeldon. After testing various options, KULA landed on monk fruit (a natural no-calorie sweetener). It partnered with Summerland, B.C.-based food tech company Crush Dynamics , which developed a patented process using grape pomace (a byproduct of wine production), tapping into the fruit's polyphenols and fibres. 'They turn that into a full fermentation process technology that essentially uses grapes as an enhancer, and it takes away any (monk fruit) aftertaste,' says Wheeldon. 'Working with them has really enhanced our sauces. Further to that, we've also been able to reduce our sodium and get the best texture possible.' Local sourcing has been a priority since the beginning, and as a certified B Corporation , KULA measures the distance of the suppliers they work with. 'Most of them are women. They're diverse communities. They're within an 80-kilometre radius. I'm really behind that message of, 'Let's support each other.'' KULA is adding to its condiment line this summer with seasonings, such as Ethiopian berbere, Kenyan-inspired pili pili spice (which they've sampled as a hot chocolate beverage) and a curry blend highlighting Caribbean flavours — all without sodium. Working with Vancouver-based Maia Farms , KULA is infusing its seasonings with mycelium (the root structure of mushrooms). 'It's going to have oyster mushroom roots that add benefits to activate fibre, potassium and so much more,' says Wheeldon. Reformulating KULA's sauces sprung from Wheeldon challenging the conventional use of sugar. A two-tablespoon serving of standard barbecue sauce can easily contain more than 30 per cent of the daily value of added sugars. 'Why? That's dessert,' she says, laughing. Similarly, Wheeldon envisioned seasonings without sodium. Working with friend Karen McAthy, Maia Farms' director of food innovation, she arrived at adding functionality. Functional beverages (drinks with health benefits, such as those enhanced with protein or vitamins) have become increasingly popular, but Wheeldon hadn't seen many functional seasonings. Beyond the health aspect, she says they can bring more creativity into cooking. Mycelium is also a natural thickening agent and adds body to gravies, pastes, soups and stews. 'We use condiments in cooking, so why not add functionalities that will enhance our experience, whether it's the properties of cooking or the health benefits? If you can add fibre to more of your stews, why not? What excites me most is it allows us to expand our market reach around the types of customers we get. It's not just about veganism. It's about flavour. It's about health. It's about experience in the kitchen. So, it does create more expansiveness.' Ottawa-based Torshi started with an experiment. Tech entrepreneur and co-founder Aydin Mirzaee knew his mom, Nasrin Eslamdoost, was onto something with her torshi (Persian-style pickled vegetables). Every Christmas, Eslamdoost would visit him from New York, where she worked as a geneticist, and make a batch of torshi meant to last the year. It never made it past February. 'It was so frustrating because I was like, 'How do I get this?' I would go to stores, and of course, there are Persian stores and things like that, but there's nothing that tasted the same.' Aydin put the idea of a business aside until Eslamdoost retired and returned to Ottawa. When he suggested that she and his dad, Saeid Mirzaee (who teaches international law part-time at the University of Ottawa), join him in starting a torshi company, Eslamdoost was skeptical. So, Aydin proposed they evaluate the pickles' appeal on their non-Persian friends. The test wasn't about whether they said they liked them but about whether they voluntarily ate more. 'Sure enough, we did this, and the reception was really good. People would go for seconds. They'd finish the whole thing,' Aydin recalls. In September 2023, they took their experiment to the Beechwood farmers' market in Ottawa. On the first day, they sold 22 jars. 'All of us were like, 'Holy. This is crazy. People actually bought it.' We just kept not wanting to believe it,' says Aydin. They couched their success in the idea that farmers' market customers are inclined to support local and waited to see if there would be repeat purchases. There were. When Aydin saw that the domain was on auction, they took it as another sign that their Persian pickle company was meant to be. 'Slowly, my parents started to believe: 'We can do this. We can be entrepreneurs,'' says Aydin, laughing. 'I've been doing this entrepreneurial stuff my whole life, and so this is very natural to me, but for them, what I'm proud of is that, later on, they're doing this thing.' In 2024, Matin Moghaddam, who shares the co-founders' love of torshi, joined full-time as the general manager. Torshi — mixed vegetable , carrot and cauliflower — is now stocked in 93 stores across Canada, but Aydin has his sights set on 1,000. Crunchy and garlicky with the tang of an organic apple cider vinegar brine, their customers are putting torshi on charcuterie boards and in sandwiches and salads. Moghaddam says he used to think of torshi as an accompaniment, but seeing how people from other backgrounds are enjoying it, he appreciates its versatility. 'Now there are more doors and opportunities that we can explore.' Aydin and Moghaddam share the dream that, just like kimchi and hummus, one day, torshi will enter the Canadian lexicon. 'This is not an embedded word within Canada,' says Aydin. 'If you fast forward 10 years and everybody knows what torshi is, that would be crazy.' Moghaddam adds: 'That someone calls his wife and says, 'Can you buy some torshi?' and they understand each other's language. And they won't be like, 'What's that?' That's our vision.' To many, Kozlik's is more than a mustard — it's their mustard. 'I used to open the store at 5 a.m. with my father on the weekends, and people would come by with their group of friends, and they'd stop and say, 'This is my mustard.' And they'd really take ownership over that,' recalls Noah Kessler, director of business development and son of owner Jeremy Kessler. Kozlik's has been in the condiment game since 1948. Noah grew up participating in the business after his father bought it from late founder Anton Kozlik in 2000. Initially, they made mustard on-site at Toronto's St. Lawrence Market . One of Noah's first jobs at 11 years old was cutting labels and adhering them to jars with a glue stick. His father is a former photographer, so the lines had to be perfectly straight. Before they were in the mustard business, the Kesslers were Kozlik's customers. Jeremy went down to the market one day — between jobs on the cusp of the digital era — and came home with a book of recipes. 'Anton gave me a very good basic mustard education (he'd been making mustard for 50 years, so he knew a few things), and I seem to have a bit of a talent for it,' Jeremy told National Post in 2010. Mustard is a classic condiment, and Kozlik's is a time-honoured Canadian brand. One of Jeremy's lessons that stuck with Noah is that incremental changes add up. 'You may not notice the slight changes immediately, but when you look at it over time, they're substantial.' With a background in economics, Noah believes running a profitable business and making products you feel good about is possible. Carefully sourcing glass, caps and labels helps safeguard profitability without sacrificing quality. According to the Alberta Seed Guide , Canada is the world's top exporter of mustard seeds, and half of all mustard eaten globally is the product of Saskatchewan-grown seeds. When drought hit Western Canada in 2021, mustard farmers suffered, and a shortage followed. Noah says that prices soared by 300 per cent, spurring them to diversify their product line. If one of their input costs increases dramatically, they have other products to fill the gap. They also bought a German stone mill to grind whole mustard seeds, which they source from a farmer's co-op in the Prairies. In addition to more than 36 types of mustard , Kozlik's now makes barbecue sauces , horseradish , hot sauces and spice rubs . Yet, mustard is still its 'bread and butter.' Classic Dijon and Horseradish are the top sellers, and Triple Crunch , with its pop of acidity ('the poor man's caviar'), is a favourite with chefs. After 25 years in various roles in the mustard business, Noah appreciates its ability to enhance anything from dressings and marinades to hot dogs and pretzels. 'We like to say that good mustard can make bad food good and good food better.' And with the recent focus on all things Canadian, it's a shining example that often goes unnoticed. 'We used to joke when my father and I worked the weekends at the store. People would say, 'Oh, Canada grows all this mustard seed?' And we'd say, 'Yeah, it's very Canadian to do something well and not tell anyone about it.' And that was true. Nobody knew that Canada had this history and heritage in mustard. So, we like to be a part of that. It feels close to home.' Our website is the place for the latest breaking news, exclusive scoops, longreads and provocative commentary. Please bookmark and sign up for our cookbook and recipe newsletter, Cook This, here .
Montreal Gazette
2 hours ago
- Montreal Gazette
‘Complicit with a totalitarian regime': Canada's border rules are landing asylum seekers in ICE detention
News By Canadian authorities have returned more than 1,600 asylum seekers to the United States in 2025 without hearing their case for refugee protection, according to the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA). Many have landed in U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) custody. The removals are a product of the longstanding Safe Third Country Agreement, which requires anyone seeking refugee protection in Canada or the U.S. to claim asylum in the first of the two countries they reach. This means many asylum seekers who attempt to enter Canada through the U.S. are turned back at the border. The agreement is based on the assumption both the U.S. and Canada have sufficiently robust refugee protection systems. But with the U.S. asylum system now suspended and amid reports of refugee claimants facing deportation without so much as an interview, Canadian advocates say the U.S. is no longer safe for those fleeing persecution. Canadian authorities must stop the removals, they say, and allow refugee claimants to plead their cases on this side of the border. CBSA data shared with The Gazette show authorities sent a total of 1,624 asylum seekers back to the U.S. between Jan. 1 and June 2, 2025. Though the deportation data isn't broken down by location, just over 40 per cent of all asylum seekers in 2025 — deported or not — made their claims at the St-Bernard-de-Lacolle crossing, south of Montreal, CBSA data shows. Unless they have legal status in the U.S., all asylum seekers returned from Canada are transferred into ICE custody, a U.S. Customs and Border Patrol spokesperson confirmed in an emailed statement. Canadian authorities 'are complicit with an increasingly totalitarian regime,' said Wendy Ayotte, a member of Bridges Not Borders, a grassroots organization of people living near the now shuttered Roxham Road crossing. Ayotte called Canadian authorities 'cruel' for sending asylum seekers into the hands of the same immigration authorities who deported more than 100 Venezuelan men to a high-security El Salvador prison and reportedly removed U.S. citizens from their own country. Her organization maintains a web page with information for asylum seekers planning to cross into Canada, which Ayotte said sees a steady flow of web traffic. 'A lot of people are totally ignorant' of the Safe Third Country Agreement, Ayotte said, including of how to assert exemptions that allow certain groups of people to claim asylum when crossing from the U.S. One exemption is for those with family members in Canada. But some asylum seekers with legitimate connections are struggling to prove it, according to Jenn McIntyre, coordinator of the Canada-U.S. Border Rights Clinic, which provides legal assistance to migrants seeking protection in Canada. 'We do see people who approach the border and should be found eligible under the Safe Third Country Agreement because they have family members in Canada, but they don't necessarily have all of the information' needed to assert their eligibility, she said. 'They don't always have all the correct documentation on hand. 'And so we do see people turned back from the border even though they have families in Canada. The consequences of getting turned back are very severe.' Most people are being detained upon return to the U.S., she said, which could eventually see them deported to the very country they fled. 'When a person makes a claim for refugee protection at a port of entry, a CBSA border service officer will determine if, on a balance of probabilities, evidence shows that the refugee claimant is subject to the Safe Third Country Agreement,' CBSA spokesperson Rebecca Purdy said in an email. The onus to prove the right to seek protection is on the asylum seeker, Purdy said. But that isn't always easy for someone fleeing persecution, according to Ayotte. 'Imagine someone without any prior preparation or knowledge presenting themselves at the border and, all of a sudden, they're going through an interview. But they don't understand the purpose of the interview,' she said. Some of those seeking asylum at the border are Haitian, said Abdulla Daoud, executive director of the Refugee Centre in Montreal. In February, U.S. President Donald Trump removed deportation protections for Haitians facing continuing gang violence that has seen more than a million people in the country become homeless. Many Haitians have family in Canada, Daoud said, making them eligible to claim asylum. Daoud said he, too, had heard of people turned away despite a family connection. Others are truly ineligible, he said, but have come to the border without understanding the rules. 'They are typically the most vulnerable of the vulnerable,' he said. By turning them away, Canadian officials 'are doing ICE's job for them.' Most people claiming asylum in Canada have a legitimate fear of persecution or even death, Daoud said. In 2024, nearly 80 per cent of asylum seekers who made their case to an immigration judge were granted refugee status (excluding claims that were withdrawn or abandoned). Daoud said this proves most claims are legitimate. If eight out of 10 asylum seekers have a legitimate claim and those returned to the U.S. are facing increasing odds of deportation 'what is the statistical probability that we're sending people to their death?' The contested agreement has been challenged in the courts. In 2023, the Supreme Court of Canada upheld it, but sent a question over its constitutionality back to a lower court. Though especially concerning now, the Safe Third Country Agreement, first signed in 2002, has never been acceptable, said Adam Sadinsky, advocacy co-chair at the Canadian Association of Refugee Lawyers, which is participating in the continuing legal challenge. 'The way that refugees and asylum seekers are treated in the United States has always been problematic,' Sadinsky said. But he said the system has only become worse under Trump. 'What's clear in the United States now is that the asylum process is not being respected,' Sadinsky said. In an emailed statement, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada spokesperson Julie Lafortune said the U.S. 'continues to meet the criteria ... to be a designated safe third country.' She said Ottawa continues to monitor developments in the U.S. to 'ensure that the conditions that led to the designation as a safe third country continue to be met.' Immigration Minister Lena Metlege Diab's office declined The Gazette's request for an interview. The Liberal government has since tabled Bill C-2, which, among other measures, would further restrict migrants' ability to claim asylum.
