
80 years after World War II, Germany still searches for fallen soldiers
German soldiers carry the small coffins with the remains of fallen German soldiers of WWII to the grave during a funeral service at a memorial site for fallen soldiers in Halbe, Germany (Image: AP)
'More than 2 million German soldiers unaccounted for'
'War criminals in our war graves'
'They deserve to be buried'
80 years have passed since the second World War came to an end. However, the search for the bodies of fallen soldiers continues. Much work remains to identify the deceased and inform any surviving family members.Last week, in a forest near Berlin, the remains of 107 fallen German soldiers were cremated respectfully with rituals. Hundreds of villagers and relatives looked on as soldiers who died in one of the last big World War II battles, fighting for Hitler's army, were finally laid to rest.The remains of German soldiers are still being found across Europe in forests, fields and beneath old farmland. Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgraberfursorge (German War Graves Commission) is a non-profit organisation that has been continuously digging up the remains of soldiers and reburying them. They have been doing this work for decades.This week marks 80 years since World War II ended, but the search for soldiers' remains continues. The war's effects are still being felt, and the work to find and identify the dead is not yet finished."It's very, very important that this is still being done," said Martina Seiger, 57, whose grandfather's bones were found and buried a few years ago.Finding and identifying the remains is a slow process.Many of those missing were buried quickly during retreats or battles, without any markers or official records.Whenever possible, the organisation brings the remains to cemeteries maintained specifically for German soldiers who died abroad. It has a humanistic goal: to offer a dignified burial to every person who died in the war, regardless of the role they played.The Volksbund's mission is not about honoring the fallen, but about identifying them and making sure they aren't forgotten or lost in the earth without a name.According to the Volksbund's estimate, more than 2 million German soldiers remain unaccounted for. Over the past 30 years, since gaining access to former Eastern Bloc territories, the Volksbund has recovered and reburied the remains of one million people.In some parts of Europe, there is still resentment toward anything that seems to revive or honor the Nazi military past."I don't want to rule out the possibility that we have a large number of war criminals in our war graves. We also know that some of them have even been proven to have committed the most serious war crimes," said Dirk Backen, the secretary general of the Volksbund."Behind every dead person is a human destiny and that is our main focus," he said. "When you stand in front of the grave of an 18-year-old young Wehrmacht soldier, you naturally ask yourself whether he may have had other plans in life and a different dream than to give his life at the age of 18 for a cause that was also criminal."Lukasz Karol, a Polish archaeologist working on the excavation, admits to having ethical concerns about his task. He struggled with the challenge of unearthing soldiers from an army that had invaded Poland and caused the deaths of around 6 million Polish citizens during the war.But he said the work has moral significance and uncovers important scientific information."These are also people and they also deserve a burial," Karol said.
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The Wire
4 hours ago
- The Wire
An Exhibition in London's Imperial War Museum Breaks the Silence on Sexual Violence in Conflict
Everybody knows it happens; nobody talks about it. Sexual violence seems to be endemic to conflict and war. Men in uniform, with guns and a sense of entitlement, acting when formal and informal policing of conduct is absent, have at times been prone to perpetrate rape. It is, says Charu Lata Hogg – founder of the All Survivors Project which supports efforts to eradicate conflict-related sexual violence and support survivors – a reflection of 'toxic gender norms'. The Imperial War Museum is currently hosting the first major exhibition in any western museum on sexual violence in conflict. It aims to break the silence and deepen understanding of this gendered aspect of war and civil upheaval. The museum has long had an admirable focus not simply on military strategy and the hardware of war, but its social aspects and the hardships inflicted on civilians. 'Sexual violence is a devastating aspect of conflict and very difficult to talk about,' says Upcraft. 'This silence creates significant barriers to recovery, justice and lasting change'. Part of the purpose of the Imperial War Museum's new exhibition, 'Unsilenced: Sexual Violence in Conflict', is to contribute to the demands for change in the fight to banish sexual violence in conflict. Displays include testimony of survivors It's not straightforward curating exhibits about an issue so intimate and concealed. As you can imagine, there aren't many artefacts which speak to the subject of sexual violence. So the displays are largely of documents, drawings, posters and art, along with testimony of survivors and the words of experts and activists. These are often deeply unsettling. The Japanese army's forced conscription of 'comfort women' across south-east Asia during the Second World War, who were required to have sex with Japanese soldiers, is a deeply shocking example of wartime sexual slavery. But it is sadly not unique. The Islamist militants of ISIS imposed sexual slavery on Yazidi women in Iraq a decade ago in what has to be described as an attempt at genocide against a minority community. During the First World War, German soldiers perpetrated well-documented sexual violence against women in occupied Belgium. A generation later, the soldiers of the Soviet Red army stood accused of widespread rape as they pushed Hitler's troops back towards Berlin. While women have been the principal victims, men too have suffered sexual abuse and humiliation in war, as evidenced by the treatment of Iraqi prisoners at Abu Ghraib at the hands of members of the US military in 2004. South Asia's painful experience of rape and abduction is not reflected in the exhibition to any great extent. But the scale of sexual violence in Bangladesh in 1971, and amid the communal violence and commotion which accompanied Partition in both Punjab and Bengal, are among the most terrible examples of men seeking to humiliate the 'other' – the enemy, the rival community, the contenders for land or status – or seeking revenge by violating the bodies of the 'other's' women. The war in Ukraine has again made the issue of sexual violence in conflict tragically topical. President Zelensky has talked openly, and with deep anguish, about the rape of Ukrainian women by the Russian military. Also Read: Reform UK's Local Election Win Could Be a Turning Point for British Politics In the Gaza conflict, and in Sudan's civil war, we have also witnessed appalling incidents of rape and abduction. Awareness of the issue is increasing, but the prevalence is not diminishing. This is a brave initiative by the Imperial War Museum. As the lead curator, Helen Upcraft, says: 'Survivors face immense challenges in sharing their stories, while the public lacks the knowledge or language to talk about these issues with confidence.' Yet the exhibition feels a little tentative and tucked away. There is no curatorial centrepiece; no image, or item, which lingers in the mind; no abiding sense of shock and outrage. As for addressing the scourge of sexual violence, Christina Lamb, a globetrotting correspondent who has written a powerful book about 'what war does to women', makes the most powerful point in one of the videos displayed. To tackle the problem, perpetrators need to face justice because at the moment there is 'no price to pay – [the rapists know] nothing's going to happen to them'. Unsilenced: Sexual Violence in Conflict , a free exhibition, is at the Imperial War Museum, London, until November 2. Andrew Whitehead is a former BBC India correspondent. London Calling: How does India look from afar? Looming world power or dysfunctional democracy? And what's happening in Britain, and the West, that India needs to know about and perhaps learn from? This fortnightly column helps forge the connections so essential in our globalising world. The Wire is now on WhatsApp. Follow our channel for sharp analysis and opinions on the latest developments.


Time of India
7 hours ago
- Time of India
The world is full of unexploded bombs
One of the three unexploded bombs from the Second World War is fenced off in Cologne (AP) Fifteen couples had been looking forward to the special moment when they would say "I do" for weeks. But their weddings at Cologne's historic town hall on June 4 were cancelled, since the building was right in the middle of an evacuation zone. But they were still able to get married, in a district town hall instead. Three bombs left over from World War II were responsible for the massive evacuation, the biggest since 1945. They were found during preparations for construction work on the city's Deutz Bridge. The US-made bombs — one 100-pound (45-kilogram) and two 200-pound bombs — both had impact fuses and could not be moved for safety reasons. They had to be defused on site, and thus it was necessary to evacuate several districts of the city in North Rhine-Westphalia, in western Germany. Thousands evacuated Around 20,500 people had to leave their homes on Wednesday. Hospitals and retirement homes were evacuated, with people being moved to other facilities. Almost 60 hotels shut down, with guests being accommodated elsewhere. Bomb disposal is a mammoth logistical task, but Germany is very familiar with it. More than 1,600 bombs were defused last year in North Rhine-Westphalia alone. As construction work increases in the city, for example to put in new fiber optic cables, renovate bridges or improve the road network, excavations are bringing to light unexploded aerial ordnance that dates back to the 1930s and '40s. Major problem in Hamburg, Verdun, Poland Metropolitan regions such as Hamburg and Berlin were some of the main targets of Allied bombing during World War II. These places also saw civilian infrastructure targeted and so are particularly affected. In addition to the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Brandenburg is heavily contaminated. In 2024, explosive ordnance clearers found 90 mines, 48,000 grenades, 500 firebombs and 450 bombs weighing more than 11 pounds, as well as around 330,000 shells. The problem is also omnipresent in many neighboring countries. Unexploded ordnance from the two world wars is often found in France and Belgium, and particularly from World War I in the regions of Verdun and the Somme. Three years ago, the drought in Italy's Po Valley revealed unexploded bombs. In the UK in 2021, a German 2,200-pound aerial bomb was detonated in a controlled explosion in the southwestern city of Exeter and more than 250 buildings were damaged. The situation in Poland and the Czech Republic, where there are tons of unexploded ordnance from the two world wars in the ground, is also critical. In 2020, a 5-ton British-made Tallboy bomb was defused in the northwestern Polish town of Swinoujscie. Recently, there have even been fatal accidents in the Czech Republic. And in the Balkans, lives are in danger from unexploded ordnance that dates back to the wars of the 1990s and evacuations are a frequent occurrence. Deadly hazards in Vietnam, Laos, Gaza On the world's other continents, the situation is also critical. Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia, people continue to be killed by US-made cluster bombs that were used in the 1960s and '70s. According to the UN, 80 million unexploded ordnances remain in the ground in Laos, from 500,000 US attacks conducted covertly between 1964 and 1973. There are also tons of unexploded ordnance in Syria and Iraq, where masses of people are at risk of being killed or wounded. In neither country have ordnance disposal structures been developed sufficiently. The UN says that unexploded ordnance in the war-torn Palestinian territory of Gaza has already left behind deadly hazards, even as Israel continues to bomb the strip. A quarter of Ukraine contaminated The situation in Ukraine is dramatic. Since Russia's full-scale invasion of 2022, about a quarter of the country is thought to be contaminated with mines, cluster bombs and other explosive devices. Over half a million explosive devices have already been defused, but millions more remain. The humanitarian and economic consequences are enormous: hundreds of civilians have died, large areas of agricultural land are unusable, and crop failures are exacerbating the economic crisis. When the war ends, demining will be one of the tasks of the coming years. German federal states bear brunt of costs In Germany, where most of the bombs that are defused are from World War II and were made by the Allies, it is the federal states that bear the majority of the costs of their disposal. It is the German state that is responsible for German-made bombs going back to the era of the German Reich (1871 – 1945). Attempts to make it responsible for all the unexploded bombs in Germany have so far been unsuccessful. Last year, explosive ordnance disposal cost North Rhine-Westphalia €20 million ($23 million). While the costs rise, the technology used for bomb disposal has evolved. While in the 1990s, clearers still used their own hands, hammers, chisels and water pump pliers, today abrasive waterjet cutting is used to neutralize explosive devices. A waterjet cutter that is operated at a safe distance can cut through the explosive device and remove its fuse. Experts believe that there are tens of thousands of unexploded explosive devices, weighing up to 100,000 tons, in Germany alone. Even though modern probing and detection techniques and digitized aerial photographs can help to minimize the risk, every bomb disposal operation is a race against time. The older a bomb is, the greater the risk of corrosion and explosion. It is also more difficult to defuse an older bomb because of the chemical changes that occur over time inside the bomb itself, between the casing and the fuse. The defusing of the three bombs in Cologne is not just an operation that has disrupted weddings and people's daily routines but it bears witness once again to the destruction of war, whether in Germany or France, Vietnam or Laos, Syria, Ukraine or Gaza.
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First Post
7 hours ago
- First Post
WWII bombs force mass evacuation in Cologne, Germany
Cologne was subject to particularly heavy bombings during World War II, with unexploded artillery still posing a threat to the city. The bombs had been found during building work on Monday in the Deutz area on the east bank of the River Rhine read more World War II-made bombs were defused in the German city of Cologne, prompting the evacuation of over 2,000 people. The operation is being dubbed the biggest bomb defusing exercise since the end of the war. Authorities evacuated an area of around 10,000 sq m on Wednesday after the discovery of three American-made explosives in a shipyard in Deutz. Cologne was subject to particularly heavy bombings during World War II, with unexploded artillery still posing a threat to the city. The bombs had been found during building work on Monday in the Deutz area on the east bank of the River Rhine. STORY CONTINUES BELOW THIS AD In 2017, authorities uncovered a 1.4-tonne bomb in Frankfurt, leading to the evacuation of 65,000 people, the biggest such evacuation in Europe since 1945. In 2021 four people were injured when a World War II bomb exploded at a building site near Munich's main railway station, scattering debris over hundreds of metres. Roads, schools, and hospitals shut Road and train lines were closed throughout the day, and city officials went door to door, sending about 20,500 people out of their homes and closing 58 hotels as well as numerous restaurants and businesses. The city's typically busy streets were hauntingly empty as shops, restaurants, and businesses were ordered to cease operations during the day. Cultural institutions, including the Philharmonic Hall and several museums, were also impacted, along with government buildings, 58 hotels, and nine schools. Transportation faced major disruptions, with all roads in the area closed, many train services cancelled, and the Messe/Deutz train station shut down from 08:00 local time. With inputs from agencies