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Srinivas Mukkamala: First Indian-origin person to head American Medical Association

Srinivas Mukkamala: First Indian-origin person to head American Medical Association

First Posta day ago

During his decades working in organised medicine, Mukkamala has been a fierce advocate for patients. His cancer battle reaffirmed the purpose of his position–to use his platform and lived experience to advocate for a better, more equitable US health system read more
Srinivas Mukkamala was elected President of the American Medical Association, the first person of Indian origin to lead the organisation in its 178-year history.
'To call this moment humbling doesn't capture it,' said Bobby Mukkamala, MD, an otolaryngologist and the AMA's newly inaugurated 180th President. 'It's moving. It's awe-inspiring,' he said.
For many in attendance at the AMA presidential inauguration in Chicago, that inspiration was reciprocal. Last November, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exam revealed an 8-cm temporal lobe tumour on the left side of Mukkamala's brain. Three weeks after the startling discovery, the 53-year-old father of two underwent surgery, as per a statement by AMA.
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The removal of 90 per cent of the tumor was a best-case scenario for Mukkamala. During his decades working in organised medicine, Mukkamala has been a fierce advocate for patients. His cancer battle reaffirmed the purpose of his position–to use his platform and lived experience to advocate for a better, more equitable US health system.
Mukkamala went on to highlight that he, without question, benefited from the best possible treatment. But for many patients, the process of getting care comes with far more troubling questions than reassuring answers: whether insurance will cover a procedure, how much a medication costs, or how long they will wait to see a specialist for something as serious as a lump in their neck, as per the statement.
'Our health system needs the input of many skilled physicians–physician leaders across every state and specialty–who are working together with incredible purpose and urgency,' he said. 'It needs the AMA more than ever, with leaders in our profession speaking with one firm and commanding voice.'
AMA House of Delegates' meeting ran from June 6- June 11, as per the statement.
The AMA has adopted a new policy aimed at promoting public awareness and education about the differences between unhealthful, ultraprocessed foods and healthful foods, as well as the benefits of minimally processed and unprocessed foods. As part of this effort, the policy encourages the integration of nutrition education into all levels of medical education to empower physicians to best counsel patients on reducing unhealthful consumption of ultraprocessed foods.
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(Except for the headline, this story has not been edited by Firstpost staff.)

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Karthik Anantharaman, a visiting professor at Wadhwani School of Data Science and AI at IIT Madras, is spearheading such a project in the US by studying the nature of viruses in their natural habitat to attack and kill bacteria, a process called phage therapy. "One approach is to create more antibiotics but this only postpones the problem. New antibiotics also can lead to new forms of resistance, creating a never-ending cycle. An alternative and promising solution is phage therapy, which uses viruses called bacteriophages (or simply phages) to kill specific bacteria," Dr. Anantharaman, who is also a professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, told FINDING VIRUSES THAT KILL BACTERIA Anantharaman and his team discovered that viruses have yearly cycles and can affect other organisms in the ecosystem. As part of their study, some viruses were found to carry genes they had taken from the organisms they infected, which helped them carry out important biological functions. The research team also put together over 1.3 million viral genomes â€' the largest collection of its kind so far. Lake Mendota in the US has been monitored consistently since the late 1800s (Photo: Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin–Madison) "In our lab, we are exploring how phages behave over time. We conducted a 20-year study of a single lake, using DNA sequencing and artificial intelligence (AI) to track how phage populations changed. By sequencing environmental DNA and using AI tools, we identified over 1.3 million viral genomes. This allowed us to see how viruses shift month to month, season to season, and year to year, and to predict their future behaviour," Dr. Anantharaman said. While phage therapy might seem like a relatively new concept to Indian populations and even the West who rely heavily on antibiotics, Anantharaman mentioned that the phenomenon of using viruses to kill bacteria has been used in countries like Russia, Poland, Ukraine, and Georgia for decades. VIRUSES AS ENVIRONMENTAL CLEANER "Our goal is twofold: to improve human health and environmental health. Just as phages (virus) can target harmful bacteria in the human body, they can also be used to clean polluted ecosystems," University of Wisconsin-Madison professor said. For example, if a lake turns black or emits a smell like rotten eggs, a sign of hydrogen sulfide produced by bacteria, phages can be used to selectively kill those bacteria and restore the lake's health. Anantharaman lab group at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, US, pictured by Lake Mendota. Despite their promise, phage therapies are currently used only in compassionate cases, where all antibiotics have failed and the patient's condition is critical. HOW DO PHAGES OR VIRUSES WORK AGAINST BACTERIA? One major reason phages haven't entered mainstream treatment is that researchers still don't fully understand how they evolve over time. Consequently, there are no approved phage-based therapeutic products in India, the US, or Europe. But phages hold great promise, especially when used in combination with antibiotics. Here's how it works: when bacteria face antibiotics, they come under stress. Sometimes, this stress causes genetic changes that make them resistant. But in that process, bacteria may also become vulnerable to phages. So, using both antibiotics and phages together creates a powerful, complementary treatment strategy. In some cases, antibiotics work where phages don't and vice versa. Anantharaman lab member Patricia Tran sampling Lake Mendota, US. over frozen ice in the Winter. "One major advantage of phages is their precision. Unlike antibiotics, which kill both harmful and beneficial bacteria, phages target only one specific strain. If a person is infected with Pseudomonas, the phage used will kill only Pseudomonas, sparing the rest of the body's microbiome. That's a game-changer for preserving overall health during treatment," Anantharaman explained. Another surprising fact is that viruses are everywhere - even inside us. There are 10 to 100 times more viral particles in and on our bodies than human cells. These include many harmless phages that silently regulate bacterial populations. Phages are found in lakes, rivers, soil, oceans, and even in our intestines and on our skin. Anantharaman lab member Dinesh Kumar Kuppa Baskaran sampling Lake Mendota in the Summer. "In our lab, we use AI â€' both machine learning and deep learning â€' to rapidly identify phages from environmental samples. This process, which used to take years, now takes just a day. AI allows us to sift through millions of DNA sequences and pinpoint the viruses that can infect specific harmful bacteria," Anantharaman said. BARRIERS PERSIST However, awareness remains a major barrier. The medical community and industry are still focused on antibiotics. There's limited investment in phage therapy, and the necessary research infrastructure hasn't yet been built. For phage therapy to move forward, government support and academic research are essential. "Industry isn't currently interested in developing phage-based treatments â€' it's mostly up to institutions and public funding. But as the threat of antibiotic resistance grows, this is expected to change," Anantharaman opined. Phage therapy isn't just a scientific curiosity. It could be a major pillar of future medicine â€' if we choose to invest in it. Join our WhatsApp Channel

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