Literal time ladies used to sell people a look at their watches
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Yahoo is using AI to generate takeaways from this article. This means the info may not always match what's in the article. Reporting mistakes helps us improve the experience.
Yahoo is using AI to generate takeaways from this article. This means the info may not always match what's in the article. Reporting mistakes helps us improve the experience. Generate Key Takeaways
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FACT: People used to pay to learn the time
By Rachel Feltman
I recently came across the story of Ruth Belville, known as the 'Greenwich Time Lady,' because she literally sold people time. Or at least she sold people the time.
Back in 1675, King Charles II founded the Royal Observatory 'in order to the finding out of the longitude of places for perfecting navigation and astronomy.' He asked for a small observatory to be built at the highest point in Greenwich Park. Almost a century later, the royal astronomer published the first Nautical Almanac, which shared the observatory's findings with seafarers all over the world and allowed them to pinpoint their longitude. That meant people all over were using Greenwich as the starting point from which they measured their longitude.
Up until the Industrial Revolution, every town had kept its own local time based on the position of the sun, so there was, for example, a 16 minute difference between London and Plymouth. Railways meant it suddenly made a difference if you were 16 minutes off all the time. And telegraphs meant there was an actual way to share what time it was. Greenwich Mean Time wouldn't become legally mandated until 1880, apparently because folks kept showing up late to court and blaming their local time zone for the discrepancy.
But accurate clocks weren't yet common for most people to own. So how did everyone keep up with the newly standardized time? If they lived within sight of the Royal Observatory, they could watch for the 'time balls' they dropped to mark the hour (and later the clock kept up to date at the observatory's gates). But others turned to a more… hands-on service.
Starting in 1836, a former Royal Observatory employee named John Belville charged people an annual fee to use his pocket watch. Once a week, he'd come by and visit them and share the time on his watch—which he kept accurate thanks to his access to the observatory's chronometers—so they could adjust their own watches accordingly.
John died in 1856, by which time the gate clock showed the public the time and anyone could get the time via telegraph if they really needed to. But John's 200 subscribers knew and trusted the pocket watch system, so they asked his widow Maria if she'd take up his mantle. She did so for 36 years before retiring. By the time she left the business, people definitely had other ways of accessing the time. But folks couldn't give up their trusty time lady, so John and Maria's daughter Ruth took over. Despite the continued advancement of time-keeping tech—and the naysaying of at least one ruthless hater—she kept up the business until 1940. She was 86 when she retired, and apparently only did so because World War II made it too dangerous for a woman of her age to walk the streets.
FACT: Bugs have culture, too
By SciAnts
I love thinking about what bugs think about.
New research shows that fruit flies are capable of social learning in ways that resemble what we call culture. In one study, flies developed mating preferences simply by watching other flies make choices—preferring mates with specific colors of dust that had been used to mark them. In another experiment, observer flies that watched others react to predators developed lasting behavioral and physiological changes, including changes to their reproductive systems—despite never encountering the predator themselves. This visually transmitted fear response was strong enough to persist for days. Even exposure to dead members of their own species shortened their lifespan, while exposure to dead relatives from different species had no effect.
These findings suggest that fruit flies not only learn by observation but may also pass on preferences and fears in ways that go beyond simple instinct, hinting at a primitive form of culture.
FACT: Traffic mimes make jams more peaceful in South America
By Jess Boddy
Road rage can be truly terrifying, and sometimes it feels inescapable in big cities. But what if the answer to the violence and danger that comes with angry drivers was a nonverbal fellow in stripes and white face paint?
Yes… MIMES. Back in Colombia in the 1990s, then-mayor Antanas Mockus replaced 1,800 traffic cops with just 20 mimes, who used silent performance to mock reckless drivers and praise good behavior. They helped cut traffic deaths by 50% within a few years. The program ended in the late '90s but was so beloved it still lives on today, having inspired similar efforts in other South American countries, including Bolivia's 'traffic zebras.'
Listen to this week's episode to hear all about how mimes mocked angry drivers successfully, and how it might (or might not) be the answer to road rage here in the United States.
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The Verge
an hour ago
- The Verge
Jony Ive's OpenAI device gets the Powell Jobs nod of approval
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Yahoo
a day ago
- Yahoo
Is Everyone Ditching Alcohol for Shrooms?
"Hearst Magazines and Yahoo may earn commission or revenue on some items through these links." I'd sunk into the leather couch after work for our usual 'wine' down with my girlfriends. It was the type of gathering where we'd typically share a bottle (or two) of our favorite red, but instead on her vintage coffee table next to a glowing Trudon candle, I saw a ziploc baggie filled with magic mushrooms (slender gray stems with rust-colored caps) and a rainbow Willy Wonka-like shroom chocolate bar. Under nutritional info the label read, 'INGREDIENTS: GOOD TIMES & LAUGHTER.' I offered to pass the bottle of wine, but my friends declined and skipped the nightcap for a mushroom cap, assuring me they were 'super mellow' if I wanted to try one. I wanted to be the cool girl who could 'shroom on a whim, but I'm a pragmatic researcher at heart (hence my job as a reporter). Amused by the chocolate bar packaging, I snapped a pic and shared it to my Instagram stories. Within minutes, my DMs lit up with hearts and messages. 'Ze best! I've been microdosing mushrooms for the last year. Life changing,' one message read. 'When I go out, I take them instead of drinking. I have more fun, I'm more giggly, there's no hangover and I wake up feeling happier and more energized—never anxious and the opposite of depressed. I've gotten probably 15 of my friends on it and they all agree, it's an easy way to cut down or cut out drinking altogether.' Had morel support become the new aperol spritz? Back in 2015, the Global Drug Survey found that 8.6 percent of respondents had used magic mushrooms. By 2021, this number had jumped to 16.1 percent. But most aren't going on full-on hallucinogenic trips, rather they are microdosing mushrooms to lift their mood and energy levels, and many see it as a healthier vice than booze. 'They just make you happy and you have a good time—it's not like alcohol where you're always needing more and chasing the buzz,' says a West coast hair stylist who started selling mushrooms about a year ago. 'Most of my customers are young, female, working professionals like me,' she adds. While the fungus may be trending now, our fascination with them is anything but new. Indigenous cultures around the world have been using magic mushrooms and other psychedelics for thousands of years for emotional, physical, and spiritual healing. Westerners began exploring their medical potential back in the 1950s, but were forced to abandon psychedelic research in the 60s—partly due to reckless use in young people and a backlash against the counterculture movement. Forty years later, research is finally making a comeback and the results are promising. The FDA officially designated psilocybin (the hallucinogenic compound in magic mushrooms) as a 'breakthrough therapy' for severe depression in 2018. Many scientists today see the drug as a new path forward in what's been a frustrating dead end for mental health. 'Treatment has been in a crisis for decades,' says Matthew Wayne Johnson, Ph.D. a professor in psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Johns Hopkins. 'Lifespan is decreasing and the two big reasons for that are suicide and addiction—and when you step back and ask what areas psychedelic therapy, like psilocybin, has promising effects for early on, it's things like depression, PTSD, alcohol, and tobacco.' Doses given in therapeutic settings (aka macrodoses) are much larger than a typical recreational dose, and are closely monitored to make the patient feel safe and reassure them if anxiety comes up—which does occur in about a third of cases, says Dr. Johnson. The lasting effects from these sessions are hard to ignore: Talk therapy paired with two macrodoses of psilocybin may reduce heavy drinking by 83 percent, according to new research out of New York University. Another study in the Journal of Psychopharmacology found two macrodoses of the drug relieved major depressive disorder symptoms in adults for up to an entire year. And a smoking cessation study with psilocybin out of John Hopkins found a 67 percent abstinence rate after 12 months. A theory as to why: Mushrooms stimulate neuroplasticity in the brain. 'Psilocybin seems to make the brain more flexible and what you experience—your consciousness or what you're thinking and feeling—more flexible,' says Dr. Johnson. 'Regions in the brain that normally talk a lot will communicate less on psilocybin in favor of communicating with their distant neighbors more.' Meaning the brain makes connections and associations it doesn't normally make. This causes a perspective shift that appears to reduce excessive rumination and self-focus, which may allow people to escape unhealthy thought patterns and behaviors. If these macrodoses have such potential, it seems reasonable to wonder whether microdoses could have perks too. The growing wellness trend involves ingesting very small amounts of psychedelics (roughly 0.1 to 0.5 g), like magic mushrooms or LSD which won't trigger hallucinations, but can give a burst of energy, creativity, and make the world feel like it's in 'high-def' in a way that benefits mood. That said, scientific research on the benefits of microdosing remains limited and results have been mixed. 'At this time, there is no strong empirical support for [microdosing's] effectiveness,' says Harriet De Wit, Ph.D. professor of psychiatry and behavioral neuroscience at the University of Chicago. 'It is quite possible that the drug(s) have therapeutic potential, but currently most of our information comes from uncontrolled user reports.' Studies of microdosers that have shown improvements in mood, attention, and creativity are all self-reported—which means they can't eliminate the placebo effect (i.e. the bias or expectation the person had that microdosing would make them feel better). Julie Holland, MD a psychopharmacologist and author of Good Chemistry, says when compared to alcohol, the benefits are clear: mushrooms are anti-inflammatory, promote neuroplasticity, are non-toxic to the liver and brain (aka no hangovers), not particularly addictive, and because they don't cause the munchies, there's no added calories. But of course, she also notes that mushrooms are still illegal in 49 of 50 states, experiences can be heavily influenced by the setting or one's mood, and it could be harder to stay safe in an altered state when you are 'distracted by beautiful traffic lights.' Although adverse effects do appear to be rare, reports indicate there is evidence that microdosing can damage the heart over time. According to the 2021 Global Drug Survey, more than 77 percent of respondents who had microdosed mushrooms in the last year reported no unwanted effects. The survey also found that people taking magic mushrooms needed less emergency medical treatment than those using other recreational drugs, including alcohol and cannabis. As of January 1st, Oregon became the first state in the U.S. to legalize the adult use of psilocybin; a similar law goes into effect in Colorado in 2024. That said, don't expect to see 'shroom dispensaries any time soon. These new laws don't allow for retail sales of magic mushrooms, only onsite consumption (for those over 21) in a supervised setting with 'certified mushroom facilitators.' (Those interested in other states do have the option of signing up for psilocybin clinical trials at In the meantime, the mushroom black market is happy to fill in the voids. In addition to gummies and chocolates, you can find 'shrooms freeze-dried, as teas, truffles, and capsules. Even venture capital firms have taken notice and are funneling money into startups developing psychedelic treatments—that aren't even legal yet—for everything from PTSD and smoking cessation to headaches, traumatic brain injury, eating disorders and Alzheimer's disease. 'I often take it before the gym because it gives me energy,' says a micro-dosing business owner and mother of two in San Diego. She says before shrooms, alcohol was 'the biggest crutch,' her go-to after a hard day. 'Now with mushrooms my mind doesn't even go there. Okay, I've a hard day? I'm gonna go home and take a bath and like go to bed early so I can wake up and go to the gym.' And there are other perks, she says with a laugh: 'I swear, if my kids ask 'do you wanna craft?' I'm like 'no.' But then I'll eat some mushrooms and suddenly I'm Martha fucking Stewart.' A version of this story appears in the April 2023 issue of ELLE. Shop Now You Might Also Like The 15 Best Organic And Clean Shampoos For Any And All Hair Types 100 Gifts That Are $50 Or Under (And Look Way More Expensive Than They Actually Are)


Forbes
a day ago
- Forbes
Apple Leaves Behind Another MacBook Air
Newly redesigned MacBook Air laptops are seen displayed during the WWDC at Apple Park on June 06, ... More 2022 kicked off the annual WWDC22 developer conference. (Photo by) With the next version of macOS expected to debut during WWDC 20205 in June, Apple will leave behind several older deskbound Macs and the MacBook Air. That will leave a handful of Intel-powered Macs still able to run the latest version of macOS. This is expected to be the MacBook Pro models from 2019 onwards, iMacs from 2020 onwards and Mac Pros from 2019 onwards. Naturally, all of the Apple Silicon-powered Mac hardware remain current. It's worth noting that while the professionally focused Intel Macs remain inside the support window, Apple has removed the consumer-focused MacBook Air. Given the comparatively low processing power of their Intel Core chipsets and the heavy demands being placed on modern computing thanks to generative AI and other processor-intensive artificial intelligence techniques, the MacBook Airs have finally passed the point where they simply can't accommodate Apple's vision of a modern operating system. Even the 2020 MacBook Pro laptops will be struggling and owners should expect this to be the last update they will see. This speaks to Apple's decision to introduce Apple Silicon across the full range of Mac hardware. Back in 2020, the increased power and performance of the M1 saw the entry-level MacBook Air leap ahead of the Intel-powered competition. That advantage has been clawed back now, but it allows Apple to fully support those older machines with the upcoming version of macOS. It has taken time, but Tim Cook and his team are close to ending their dependency on Intel and the excess resources required to support two platforms in macOS. One more year, and the focus can be 100 percent on its own proprietary platform and leverage all the advantages that this offers. Now read the latest MacBook Air, MacOS and iPhone headlines in Forbes' weekly Apple news digest...