
Martin E. Marty, Influential Religious Historian, Dies at 97
Martin E. Marty, a pre-eminent religious historian, prolific author, dependable exponent of mainstream Protestantism and staunch champion of pluralism, died on Tuesday in Minneapolis. He was 97.
His death at a retirement home, where he had lived since 2022, was confirmed by his son Peter.
In more than 60 books, thousands of articles and as what he described as a 'peregrinating lecturer,' Dr. Marty promoted what he called public theology, or the confluence of fundamental cultural and religious conventions for the common good.
He had 'a knack for translating complex ideas into graspable takeaways for diverse audiences,' Peter Marty wrote in an online tribute. Time magazine said he was 'generally acknowledged to be the most influential living interpreter of religion in the U.S.'
He disdained extremism and fundamentalism, both by Islamist terrorists and right-wing Protestants. And he warned, in 'The One and the Many: America's Struggle for the Common Good' (1997), that the culture wars had undermined the ideals of e pluribus unum and challenged Americans' shared heritage.
The nation had fractured, he wrote, between 'totalists,' who felt left behind and belittled, and 'tribalists,' whose individual pride in race, religion, ethnicity and gender circumscribed their vision of the American mosaic.
The threat of such division to the American experiment was a theme he returned to frequently.
'Nothing is more important than to keep the richness of our pluralism alive,' Dr. Marty once wrote. 'To be aware of many different people and different ways, and deal with it.'
In a review of Dr. Marty's 1991 book, 'Modern American Religion, Volume Two,' the Stanford historian David M. Kennedy wrote that 'For all the raucous contention he chronicles, Mr. Marty remains an optimist. It is, he concludes in an eloquent peroration, with a nod to James Madison, precisely the plurality of religious voices that has insured the integrity of the social fabric by preventing the lasting dominance of any single group.'
Despite its historical ebb and flow, Dr. Marty insisted that mainstream Protestantism exerted profound influence over American public policy, particularly in the 19th century, though he predicted that no single denomination would ever exert the same degree of dominance again.
'Their winning — at least through their pioneering adventures on fronts dealing with civil rights, internationalism, ecumenism, many issues of sexuality and gender, friendliness to once-warred-against science, and much more — never meant complete victory,' he wrote in The Christian Century magazine in 2013.
'But it did mean,' he added, 'that through the years, at least, significant leaders risked much to express their faith beyond church walls, in the larger culture.'
Dr. Marty was one of those leaders.
He marched for civil rights in Selma, Ala., with the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., attended the Second Vatican Council as a Protestant observer, and helped found the antiwar organization Clergy and Laymen Concerned About Vietnam. He was president of the American Academy of Religion and the American Society of Church history,
His scholarly achievements were legion. With a former student, R. Scott Appleby, he directed the six-year Fundamentalism Project of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences beginning in 1988, which explored conservative religious movements.
'Only an intellectual giant with Marty's combination of multidisciplinary fluency and vast erudition could have foreseen the inbreaking of wave upon wave of modern anti-pluralist, anti-modernist assaults upon the liberal worldviews and institutions from the 'benighted' margins of Western and westernized societies,' Professor Appleby, who teaches global affairs at the University of Notre Dame, said in a statement after Dr. Marty's death.
'Marty stayed true to his instincts to come 'not to condemn, not to praise, but to understand,'' Professor Appleby added.
In 1972 Dr. Marty won a National Book Award for 'Righteous Empire: The Protestant Experience in America' (1971).
Among his other books were 'A Short History of Christianity' (1959), 'A Cry of Absence' (1983), 'Pilgrims in Their Own Land: Five Hundred Years of Religion in America' (1984), and 'A Short History of American Catholicism' (1995).
'His published output was not only breathtaking but unparalleled among religious historians of any field,' Grant Wacker, an emeritus professor of Christian history at Duke University and a biographer of the Rev. Billy Graham, said in an email. 'His wit was legendary. And his heart overflowed with simple human kindness.'
Writing for a Divinity School bulletin in 2018, Professor Wacker quoted an example: 'One of the real problems in modern life is that people who are good at being civil lack strong convictions and people who have strong convictions lack civility.'
Martin Emil Marty was born on Feb. 5, 1928, in West Point, Neb. His father, Emil, was a parochial school teacher and organist at Lutheran churches in Nebraska and Iowa. His mother was Anne Louise (Wuerdemann) Marty.
A graduate of a Lutheran preparatory school, he attended Concordia College, Washington University and Concordia Seminary, where he earned a bachelor's in divinity in 1949 and a master's in 1952. He received a Master of Sacred Theology degree from the Lutheran School of Theology at Chicago in 1954 and a doctorate from the University of Chicago in 1956.
As an ordained minister in the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, he served as a pastor in Washington, D.C., Maryland and Chicago's suburbs. In 1963, he was hired as an associate professor of religious history at the University of Chicago Divinity School, where he taught until 1998.
In 1952 he married Elsa L. Schumacher; she died in 1981. In 1982, he married Harriet J. Meyer, a voice coach and the widow of a seminary classmate.
In addition to his wife and his son Peter, the publisher of The Christian Century magazine, he is survived by three other sons from his first marriage, Joel, Micah and John, who is a Minnesota state senator; a foster daughter, Fran Garcia Carlson; a foster son, Jeff Garcia; a stepdaughter, Ursula Meyer; nine grandchildren and 18 great-grandchildren.
When he retired as a professor on his 79th birthday, the Divinity School honored him by naming the research center he founded in 1979 as the Martin Marty Center for the Public Understanding of Religion.
Asked by the University of Chicago Magazine in 1998 how he'd like to be remembered, he said: 'That I was a good teacher.
In the Mount Rushmore of American religious history and virtue, Professor Wacker once said fulsomely, Dr. Marty 'might well rank as the fourth member,' after Dr. King, Billy Graham and Jonathan Edwards, the 18th-century Congregationalist theologian.
'For Marty, the only real swear word was tribalism — watching out for my interest, my family, my town, my country, my tribe — at the expense of others,' Professor Wacker said in an email. 'Everyone, and he meant everyone, deserved a seat at the table of public discussion as long as they were willing to play by the rules of civility and reasoned examination of the evidence.'
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National Geographic
38 minutes ago
- National Geographic
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Yahoo
an hour ago
- Yahoo
President Jackson's legacy can be found throughout Middle Tennessee
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Buzz Feed
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Semifreddo: A Chef's Foolproof Hack No-Churn Ice Cream
When I was in culinary school, we learned all kinds of high-brow techniques — quenelles, mille feulle, pate briseé up the wazoo — not all of them practical for everyday cooking. But there's one dessert I actually make over and over again at home, and that's semifreddo. ^ Me, whipping something up at culinary school. The classic Italian dessert has become my secret to making ice cream at home without an ice cream machine. Semifreddo literally translates to "half cold" or 'half frozen' and lands somewhere between a mousse and frozen custard, and totally satisfies any and all ice cream cravings. I've never understood why semifreddo hasn't gotten the attention in American kitchens that I feel it deserves. It's easy to make ahead and a total crowd pleaser at the end of a meal. I'm praying that its days of hiding in the shadows of gelato are OVER. The version I learned included whipping egg yolks and granulated sugar over a double boiler until it got thick and fluffy, then folding in whipped cream and freezing. But there's an even simpler way to make the custardy base for this dessert, with a few key substitutions. In Tasty's orange semifreddo, you start by whisking together egg yolks, powdered sugar, mascarpone, cream, sugar, orange liqueur, and vanilla until smooth. By replacing granulated sugar with powdered sugar and subbing some of the whipping cream for mascarpone, we have a no-cook custard base that's ready to go in the freezer. Both substitutions improve the stability and texture of the custard in a similar way to cooking the yolks, but with a lot less effort and precision. PLUS, you eliminate the possibility of curdled yolks. And I'm all about eliminating the possibility of scrambled eggs in my desserts. My culinary spidey senses are saying to whip the egg yolks and confectioners until they've reached the ribbon stage* before adding the rest of the ingredients. Our recipe skips that step and has a 97% approval rating, so... spidey senses aren't always right, I guess. *Ribbon stage — a term for the consistency that mixtures (usually egg yolks and sugar) get when beaten properly. It's called the ribbon stage because the batter should stream off the spatula in a smooth, ribbon-like line once whipped. You can also whip the cream and mascarpone to soft peaks before folding them into the egg yolk base for an extra light semifreddo. Just be mindful of overwhipping! Then, pour the custard into your desired mold (in our case, hollowed orange halves) and set it in the freezer for at least an hour. The time it takes to freeze will depend on the size of your semifreddo mold. You can use any mold really (a cake tin, bowl, teacup, be creative!). Just make sure you line it with plastic wrap before adding the custard if you want to pop it out after freezing. You can serve them as individual little desserts, or as a sharable (and cutable!) "cake." We went FULL citrus with these little orange semifreddos, even serving them in an orange peel, but you can substitute the orange zest and liqueur for your favorite extracts, liqueurs, jams, candies, nuts, and fruits. This dessert is a classic example of how a few pastry skills, some eggs, and a few other things give you A TON of creative freedom. And I'm sure you're wondering: How does semifreddo stay mousse-like in the freezer, instead of becoming frozen solid? Sugar! It's not just for taste; sugar actually lowers the custard's freezing temperature and interferes with ice crystallization, which makes for a softer frozen dessert. One other ingredient in our version helps prevent an icy semifreddo: booze! Not all semifreddo recipes include it, but our semifreddo recipe includes liqueur, and its alcohol content lowers the freezing temperature of the dessert, making it softer when frozen. In addition to these anti-freeze ingredients, it's a good idea to give your semifreddo some time out of the freezer before serving — I like to move mine to the fridge once dinner is over. Once the dinner plates are cleared and soaking in the sink, your semifreddo will be chilled, but soft and ready to serve. And just like that, buon appetito! For a step-by-step recipe for a perfectly seared steak and a video tutorial to get you through the tricky parts, download the free Tasty app, search "semifreddo," and click on the top recipe. You'll quickly become the Giada of the friend group. Want more semifreddo recipes or tips from my culinary school days? Let us know in the comments!