China Challenges US Sea Power With Two Aircraft Carriers in West Pacific

Newsweek

19 hours ago

Based on facts, either observed and verified firsthand by the reporter, or reported and verified from knowledgeable sources.
Newsweek AI is in beta. Translations may contain inaccuracies—please refer to the original content.
For the first time ever, two Chinese aircraft carriers operated simultaneously in the western Pacific beyond a strategic island defense line meant to keep China's naval forces in check.
Chinese naval activities in relevant waters are "fully consistent with international law and international practices," the Chinese Foreign Ministry said at press conference on Monday.
Newsweek has also reached out to the Chinese Defense Ministry for comment by email.
Why It Matters
The Chinese navy is the world's largest by hull count, with more than 370 vessels, including two aircraft carriers—CNS Liaoning and CNS Shandong—in active service. This growing fleet enables China to expand its military reach and presence in the Pacific Ocean.
Under a containment strategy, the United States has established three island chains across the western and central Pacific by using its own territories, as well as those of its allies and partners, in an effort to restrict China's naval access to the broader Pacific during wartime.
On Saturday, Japan—a U.S. treaty ally—announced that the Liaoning had become China's first aircraft carrier to be spotted sailing in waters east of the Second Island Chain, which links Japan to New Guinea, north of Australia, via Guam—America's westernmost territory.
What To Know
A second Chinese naval task group—consisting of the Shandong and four other vessels—was tracked operating in the Philippine Sea on Saturday, approximately 340 miles southeast of Miyako Island in Japan's southwestern waters, the Japanese Defense Ministry announced.
The Chinese vessels deployed alongside the aircraft carrier—which has served in China's navy since 2019—included one Type 055 destroyer, two Type 054A frigates, and one Type 901 fast combat support ship, according to hull numbers provided by Japan's military.
It remains unclear when and where the Shandong and its task group breached the First Island Chain—formed by Japan, Taiwan and the Philippines, west of the Philippine Sea. They may have passed through the Luzon Strait, which lies between Taiwan and the Philippines.
The Liaoning, which has been tracked underway since late May, was first spotted operating in the East China Sea before transiting the Miyako Strait—a key waterway in the First Island Chain near the Japanese island of Miyako—toward the Philippine Sea.
The Shandong-led naval task group was later tracked moving northeast, reaching north of Okinotorishima on Monday. The island, located over 1,000 miles south of Japan's capital, Tokyo, is the country's southernmost territory.
The Shandong conducted flight operations with its fighter jets and helicopters within Japan's 230-mile-wide exclusive economic zone (EEZ) around the island, according to a Japanese Defense Ministry map. The carrier was accompanied by a Type 052D destroyer and a Type 054A frigate.
All countries have the right to conduct freedom of navigation and overflight within an EEZ, a maritime area beyond and adjacent to a nation's territorial sea—which extends up to 13.8 miles from the coastline—according to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.
The dual aircraft carrier deployment is just another example of the Chinese navy expanding its reach in international waters, Tom Shugart, a former U.S. Navy submariner and adjunct senior fellow at the Center for a New American Security, told Newsweek in an email.
"In the event of a conflict, a PLA Navy that is the U.S. Navy's equal is not one that fights in the Western Pacific—it's one that challenges for control of the Central Pacific," Shugart said, referring to the official name of the Chinese navy, the People's Liberation Army Navy.
Chinese aircraft carriers CNS Liaoning, right, and CNS Shandong carry out a dual carrier formation exercise for the first time in the South China Sea in late October 2024.
Chinese aircraft carriers CNS Liaoning, right, and CNS Shandong carry out a dual carrier formation exercise for the first time in the South China Sea in late October 2024.
Chen Mengxi/Xinhua via AP
"I think the [dual aircraft carrier deployment] is interesting, but also unsurprising in the larger context of evolving Chinese blue water operations," Australia-based naval analyst Alex Luck said in an email to Newsweek, referring to a navy capable of operating globally.
"I would expect [the Chinese navy] to schedule repeats and increasing complexity for such future activities," Luck said—especially once CNS Fujian, China's third aircraft carrier, which is yet to be commissioned, becomes operational with a more capable carrier-based aviation unit.
What People Are Saying
Tom Shugart, a former U.S. Navy submariner, told Newsweek: "China is now, by far, the world's dominant maritime power by every measure other than sheer naval tonnage (U.S. Navy ships are, on average, still larger), and its maritime interests are global in nature. That we also see global Chinese naval power should come as no surprise."
Australia-based naval analyst Alex Luck told Newsweek: "My personal view is that China does consider their carrier force as an important element in adding strategic space across the Pacific, aimed at making American deployments near the Chinese main more challenging."
What Happens Next
The Chinese navy may conduct its second dual aircraft carrier operation as the Liaoning and the Shandong operate around the Second Island Chain, a Newsweek map shows. The two aircraft carriers conducted their first joint operation last October in the South China Sea.