
Babu makes a recovery after cancer treatment
A bear at Edinburgh Zoo that was given weeks to live after being diagnosed with terminal cancer last year, has confounded experts by going into remission.
Babu, a 13-year-old sun bear 'loved by visitors for her curious personality', was diagnosed with lymphoma in April last year.
The Zoo conveyed the sad news to supporters and vets turned their attention to ensuring Babu was comfortable in her final days.
Now, a year on, the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland (RZSS), the wildlife conservation charity that operates the Zoo, has confirmed Babu's 'incredible recovery' adding the bear is 'in remission and loving life'.
Professor Simon Girling, head of veterinary services at RZSS, said: 'This news is better than we ever hoped for, but it wasn't what we expected and there's always a possibility that the cancer could return.
'For now, what matters most is that Babu is happy, healthy and back to her old self.'
Babu was diagnosed after keepers noticed she had developed significant swelling in lymph nodes across her body, accompanied by changes to her behaviour and eating habits.
After RZSS vets investigated, she was diagnosed with lymphoma, a form of cancer with very limited precedent in bears.
Following a second opinion from veterinary oncologist Dr Isabel Miguel, a terminal diagnosis was 'confirmed' and the veterinary team turned to ensuring quality of life.
Stephanie Mota, veterinary surgeon at RZSS, said: 'This diagnosis was new territory. We found one similar case involving a Himalayan black bear in China, but it died suddenly and there was very little information available to guide us.
'Our top priority was that Babu was comfortable and happy in her last days.'
Bears are known to mask symptoms, making it difficult to catch illnesses early, as was the case when Rotana, the zoo's 20-year-old sun bear, was euthanised in October 2023 following the rapid spread of cancer.
The team thoroughly reviewed all available literature to help Babu, including studies on canine medicine as lymphoma is relatively common in dogs.
They selected a treatment option that minimised potential side effects alongside pain relief, in the hope of slowing Babu's cancer and easing her discomfort.
To everyone's surprise, Babu began to improve. After six months of treatment, tests in October 2024 revealed a reduction in cancerous cells.
Continued monitoring and further testing earlier this year showed no detectable signs of the disease and Dr. Miguel confirmed that Babu was in remission.
Prof Girling said: 'We're delighted that Babu has responded so positively to the medication, especially as we were in uncharted territory.
'With confirmation of remission, we've been able to stop her pain medication, and are now gradually reducing her cancer treatment while closely monitoring her condition.'
Babu's weight is tracked weekly, while daily behaviours and appetite are monitored by her keepers using an objective charting system to ensure any changes are spotted early.
Mota added: 'She's really interested in digging around in her habitat for insects at the moment. These inquisitive, natural behaviours are really good signs that she is feeling happy and healthy.'
Sun bears (Helarctos malayanus) are the smallest species of bear, native to the tropical forests of Southeast Asia, where they are classed as Vulnerable by the IUCN due to habitat loss and illegal wildlife trade.
Known for their short, sleek black fur and distinctive pale, crescent-shaped marking on their chest, they play an important role in forest ecosystems by helping to control insect populations and disperse seeds.
Babu's remarkable recovery has been met with joy, with visitors hailing the 'amazing news'.
One fan, Lisa Smith, posted online: 'So happy to hear this news about Babu we love her and she's such a character looking forward to seeing her on Wednesday when we visit.'
RZSS said the 'incredible recovery is a story of hope, honey and world-class care'.
They added: 'One of the sweetest parts of Babu's treatment has been how well she's taken her medication, thanks to it being hidden in honey — her absolute favourite.
'Normally saved for special occasions, honey is a rare treat in a sun bear's diet, but it became part of her twice-daily routine during recovery.
'The only downside to her remission, keepers joke, is that Babu won't be getting her beloved honey quite as often anymore.
'Babu's recovery is a testament to the dedication, expertise, and compassion of the RZSS veterinary team and keepers, whose work continues to ensure the highest standards of care for animals at Edinburgh Zoo and Highland Wildlife Park.'
While Babu's remission is cause for celebration, the veterinary team remains 'cautiously optimistic'.
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Daily Mail
15 hours ago
- Daily Mail
A-ha frontman Morten Harket, 65, diagnosed with Parkinson's disease and doesn't know if he can sing anymore as band writes 'he has been battling his own body' in recent years
A-ha frontman Morten Harket has revealed he has Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's is a progressive brain disorder caused by the death of nerve cells in the brain that produce dopamine. In a statement on the band's website, Morten, 65, said he had undergone several rounds of brain surgery and that he was managing the symptoms of the disease, but admitted he had been 'battling his own body' in recent years. It read: 'This isn't the sort of news anyone wants to deliver to the world, but here it is: Morten has Parkinson's disease.' Morten also said he had initially kept the degenerative condition private but has now decided to tell fans and didn't know if he could sing or even perform again. He said: 'I've got no problem accepting the diagnosis. 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BBC News
a day ago
- BBC News
The mystery rise of lung cancer in non-smokers
The number of lung cancer cases in people who have never smoked is increasing. The disease is different from lung cancer caused by smoking, so what causes it? Martha first realised that something was wrong when her cough changed and the mucus in her airways became increasingly viscous. Her doctors put it down to a rare disorder she had that caused her lungs to become chronically inflamed. "No worry, it must be that," she was told. When she finally had an X-ray, a shadow was detected on her lung. "That set the ball rolling," Martha recalls. "First, a CT scan was done, then a bronchoscopy [a procedure that involves using a long tube to inspect the airways in a person's lungs] to take tissue samples." After the tumour was removed, about four months after she'd first reported symptoms to her GP, she received the diagnosis: Stage IIIA lung cancer. The tumour had infiltrated the surrounding lymph nodes but had not yet spread to distant organs. Martha was 59 years old. "It was a total shock," says Martha. Although she would occasionally light up a cigarette at a party, she never considered herself a smoker. Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide and the leading cause of cancer death. In 2022, about 2.5 million people were diagnosed with the disease and more than 1.8 million died. Although tobacco-related lung cancers still account for the majority of diagnoses worldwide, smoking rates have been declining for several decades. As the number of smokers continues to fall in many countries around the world, the proportion of lung cancer occurring in people who have never smoked is on the rise. Between 10 and 20% of lung cancer diagnoses are now made in individuals who have never smoked. "Lung cancer in never-smokers is emerging as a separate disease entity with distinct molecular characteristics that directly impact treatment decisions and outcomes," says Andreas Wicki, an oncologist at the University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland. While the average age at diagnosis is similar to that of smoking-related lung cancers, younger patients with lung cancer are more likely to have never smoked. "When we see 30- or 35-year-olds with lung cancer, they are usually never-smokers," he says. Another difference is the type of cancer being diagnosed. Until the 1950s and 1960s, the most common form of lung cancer was squamous cell carcinoma – a type which begins with the cells that line the lungs. In contrast, lung cancer in never-smokers is almost exclusively adenocarcinoma – a type which starts in mucus-producing cells – which is now the most common form of lung cancer in both smokers and never-smokers. Like other forms of lung cancer, adenocarcinoma is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage. "If there's a 1cm (0.4in) tumour hidden somewhere in your lungs, you won't notice it," says Wicki. The early symptoms, which include persistent coughing, chest pain, shortness of breath or wheezing, often only appear when the tumour is larger or has spread. In addition, the historically strong link between smoking and lung cancer may inadvertently lead non-smokers to attribute symptoms to other causes, says Wicki. "Most cases in never-smokers are therefore only diagnosed at stage 3 or 4." Lung cancer in never-smokers is also more common in women. Women who have never smoked are more than twice as likely to develop lung cancer as male never-smokers. Aside from lung anatomy and environmental exposures, at least part of the answer may lie in genetic mutations that are more common in women, especially in Asian women. One of the most prevalent is a mutation known as EGFR. Lung cancer cells in people who have never smoked usually have a number of mutations that could be causing their cancer, explains Wicki – so-called driver mutations. These genetic changes drive tumour growth, such as the EGFR gene which codes for a protein on the surface of cells and is called epidermal growth factor receptor. The reasons why these driver mutations are more frequently found in female patients, particularly those of Asian descent, are not entirely understood. There is some evidence that female hormones may play a role, with certain genetic variants that affect oestrogen metabolism being more prevalent in East Asians. This could potentially explain the higher incidence of EGFR-mutant lung cancer in Asian women, although the data is very preliminary. Following the discovery of mutations which can lead to lung cancer in non-smokers, the pharmaceutical industry began to develop drugs that specifically block the activity of those proteins. For example, the first EGFR inhibitors became available around 20 years ago and most patients showed an impressive response. However, treatment often led to resistant cancer cells, resulting in tumour relapse. In recent years, much effort has been put into overcoming this problem, with newer types of drugs now entering the market. As a result, the prognosis for patients has steadily improved. "The median survival rate of patients who carry such driver mutations is now several years," Wicki explains. "We have patients who have been on targeted therapy for more than 10 years. This is a huge step forward when you consider that the median survival rate was less than 12 months about 20 years ago." As the proportion of lung cancer in never-smokers increases, experts say it is crucial to develop prevention strategies for this population. A number of risk factors have been implicated. For example, studies have revealed that radon and second-hand smoke can elevate the risk of lung cancer in non-smokers. Additionally, exposure to cooking fumes or to stoves burning wood or coal in poorly ventilated rooms may also increase this risk. Since women traditionally spend more time indoors, they are particularly vulnerable to this type of indoor air pollution. However, outdoor air pollution is an even more significant factor in the development of lung cancer. In fact, outdoor air pollution is the second leading cause of all lung cancer cases after smoking. Studies have revealed that people who live in highly polluted areas are more likely to die of lung cancer than those who do not. Particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter (about a 30th of the width of a human hair), typically found in vehicle exhaust and fossil fuel smoke, seems to play an important role. And intriguingly, research has shown a strong link between high levels of PM2.5 and lung cancer in individuals who have never smoked and who carry an EGFR mutation. How air pollution may trigger lung cancer in never-smokers carrying the EGFR mutation has been the focus of research at the Francis Crick Institute in London. "When we think about environmental carcinogens, we usually think about them as causing mutations in the DNA", says William Hill, a post-doctoral researcher in the cancer evolution and genome instability laboratory of the Francis Crick Institute. Cigarette smoke, for example, damages our DNA, thus leading to lung cancer. "However, our [2023] study proposes that PM2.5 doesn't directly mutate DNA, rather it wakes up dormant mutant cells sitting in our lungs and starts them on the early stages of lung cancer." In their experiments, the researchers showed that air pollutants are taken up by immune cells called macrophages. These cells normally protect the lung by ingesting infectious organisms. In response to PM2.5 exposure, macrophages release chemical messengers known as cytokines, which wake up cells carrying the EGFR mutation and causes them to proliferate. "Both air pollution and EGFR mutations are needed for tumours to grow," says Hill. Understanding how PM2.5 acts on the microenvironment of cells carrying EGFR mutations to promote tumour growth, he adds, could pave the way for new approaches to preventing lung cancer. The association between air pollution and lung cancer is not new. In a landmark paper establishing the link between smoking and lung cancer in 1950, the authors suggested outdoor pollutants from the burning of fossil fuels as a possible cause. But policies to date have focused almost exclusively on tobacco control. But 75 years later, air pollution is finally coming into focus. Air pollution levels in Europe and the US have fallen in recent decades. But the effect of changes on lung cancer rates has not yet become apparent. "It probably takes 15 to 20 years for changes in exposure to be reflected in lung cancer rates, but we don't know for sure," says Christine Berg, a retired oncologist from the National Cancer Institute in Maryland, US. Moreover, the picture is not static: climate change is likely to have an impact in the future. "With the increasing risk of wildfires, air pollution and PM2.5 levels are rising again in certain regions of the US," says Berg. "At least one study has shown an association between wildfire exposure and increased incidence of lung cancer. Transitioning away from coal, oil and gas is therefore crucial not only to slow global warming but also to improve air quality." In 2021, the WHO halved the annual mean air quality guideline for PM2.5, meaning it has adopted a more stringent approach to particulate matter. "But 99% of the world population lives in areas where air pollution levels exceed [these updated] WHO guideline limits," says Ganfeng Luo, a postdoctoral researcher at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in Lyon, France. In a recent study, IARC researchers estimated that approximately 194,000 cases of lung adenocarcinoma worldwide were attributable to PM2.5 in 2022. "The highest burden is estimated in East Asia, especially in China," says Luo. In the future, the number of lung cancer deaths attributable to air pollution could increase in countries such as India, which currently has some of the highest levels of air pollution, according to the WHO. In Delhi, the average PM2.5 levels are above 100 micrograms per sq m, which is 20 times above the WHO air quality guidelines. In the UK, 1,100 people developed adenocarcinoma of the lung as a result of air pollution in 2022, the IARC study found. "But not all of these cases will be in never-smokers," says Harriet Rumgay, an epidemiologist and a co-author of the study. Adenocarcinoma also occurs in smokers, especially in those using filtered cigarettes. "There's still a lot we don't know," says Rumgay. "More research is needed to disentangle the different factors and also to understand, for example, how long you would need to be exposed to air pollution before developing lung cancer." As treatments continue to improve, lung cancer in never-smokers is becoming more survivable. It is conceivable that this type of lung cancer will one day become the most common form of a disease that has historically been associated with older male smokers, changing the way we think about the disease in popular culture; "…the idea that they [patients] are at least partly to blame for their disease is unfortunately still widespread," says Wicki. Martha was found to have an EGFR mutation and has been taking an inhibitor since her diagnosis almost three years ago. "It's definitely not a vitamin pill," she says. The drug has some nasty side effects: chronic fatigue, muscle pain, skin problems. Balancing the risks and benefits of drug treatment and maintaining a reasonable quality of life is not always easy, she says. But the drug is working. "And the fatalistic view of the disease is changing, and that is good." -- For trusted insights into better health and wellbeing rooted in science, sign up to the Health Fix newsletter, while The Essential List delivers a handpicked selection of features and insights. For more science, technology, environment and health stories from the BBC, follow us on Facebook, X and Instagram.


Daily Mail
2 days ago
- Daily Mail
EXCLUSIVE I was told by TWO hospitals that I had gallstones when I actually had stage four cancer... now I won't get to see my little girl grow up
A mother whose gallstones turned out to be stage-four cancer has blasted doctors for waiting five months to test a mass on her pancreas. When Kanisha Collins, 24, was diagnosed with pancreatitis at Royal Chesterfield Hospital in December, she didn't think to question their expert judgment. After all, they were in close contact with a team of specialists over at Weston Park Hospital in Sheffield, one of just four dedicated cancer centres in the UK. And the coalition of doctors persistently stuck to its guns, even after a second CT scan in February showed a persistent mass on her pancreas and a worsening blood clot. But then the pain got worse. Rushed to hospital just weeks after being told the mass was 'benign', Kanisha, who has a two-year-old daughter, was hit with the discovery of lesions on her liver and the news that staff would finally be performing a biopsy. On May 19, she was diagnosed with stage-four pancreatic cancer which had spread to the liver, after months of doctors insisting she was too young to be struck with the illness. A day after starting chemotherapy at Weston Park, Kanisha, whose father Dean has raised more than £4,000 for her family on GoFundMe, told MailOnline she blamed specialists at both hospitals for acting too slowly to spot her, now incurable, cancer. She told MailOnline: 'This was all because they wouldn't test the mass on my pancreas, because they didn't think somebody my age would have pancreatic cancer. 'I've been failed by both hospitals in a way, but I feel like my consultant could have done more at the time. 'The reason they didn't was because of my age. Unfortunately, when they told me [I had cancer] it was too late and incurable. 'Absolutely [I feel let down]. Cancer [diagnoses] should never [be based] off somebody's age. 'It should always be tested, no matter what, no matter how old you are, it should be tested from the get go and not left because they think you're too young. 'I felt discriminated against because I was so young. My kind of cancer is actually genetic and my daughter has to be tested down the line.' Before her diagnosis, Kanisha's life had been gathering pace. Her daughter Amaya had just turned two and she was about to get married to her partner Mason. The wedding had long been in the diary for this Saturday, but no one could ever have anticipated it would fall at the end of her first week of chemotherapy. 'I feel heartbroken, because obviously I have a two-year-old daughter at home,' she said. 'I get married on Saturday and I had all that to look forward to in the future. 'But that's been cut short unfortunately.' Sitting by her side during her first night of chemo, her father Dean chimed in: 'They're getting married on Saturday, which was planned last year, but cancer wasn't planned. 'The idea is, once they've got married, to go to the sit down meal. Then once we've done that, I'll take her back home so she can have a rest before coming back to spend a bit of time with the evening guests. 'She's going to have a break in between all that to recharge her batteries.' Kanisha's chemotherapy battle is in its early days, but her stoicism in the wake of her life being turned upside down has taken even her parents by surprise. 'Before all this, I was a fit and healthy person and now I can barely do day-to-day walking tasks, because I just get out of breath,' she said. 'I'm on chemo, I'm tired, so it's hard, but I suppose I've got to look for the positive side, that the chemo will shrink enough to give me many years down the line. 'We're all staying positive about it and hoping that treatment will shrink my tumours enough to give me a few years.' Her father added: 'She actually seems stronger than both me and her mum. She's got to be strong for herself and for her daughter and partner.' Dean reacted to Kanisha's diagnosis by setting up a Gofundme, drawing on his experience looking after his sister, who died with cancer, as well as the writing skills of his older daughter's boyfriend, to create an already-flying donation page. The fundraiser earned £4,000 in its first 24 hours, receiving more than 150 donations. Its aims are two-fold: to give Kanisha the opportunity to enjoy what time she has left with her daughter, and to help her soon-to-be husband in the tough times ahead. The Gofundme's soaring success has been a rare source of positivity for the mother, following an incredibly difficult five months. She said: 'It's just to give myself and my family a good holiday and to make those lasting memories. And to not have to worry about the financial side of things, so we can do things as a family. 'At the moment, unfortunately, I'm not able to fly due to the fact I'm on intense chemotherapy, but my main goal is a nice family holiday down in Cornwall. It's always been my favourite place to go since being a little girl. 'And just being able to show my daughter the other parts of England that I've been able to see. 'Eventually after my chemo, if it is successful, I would like to take her on that family holiday abroad, if it is possible. That's my main goal. 'It's for my daughter's future as well, just so I know she's going to have a good life.' Dean added: 'The frustrating thing about it is [the delay in diagnosis]. It was a catalogue of errors between the two hospitals. That's how it seems to me. 'One set not talking to the other and then the other people just don't seem to be wanting to to push it further forward, to do further tests, purely because she was young. 'So my aim now is to bring further awareness out there, with regards to cancer, because there's loads of people out there who have experienced it.' Dr Hal Spencer, Chief Executive of Chesterfield Royal Hospital said: 'We always strive to give the best care, and we are sorry to hear of Kanisha's experience. 'Throughout, her care has always been considered seriously, and we have consulted with regional specialist colleagues who were advising us on her care and management. 'We would encourage Kanisha and her family to contact us, and we will support them in a full review of her care in order that we can understand the decisions taken and the management advice given. 'This will help inform our internal reviews already underway.' here.