
A vision of the future
John Logie Baird peers into a receiving machine to view an image of a living and moving face, in his experiments which later lead to the development of television. — Otago Witness, 28.4.1925
By train to Tahuna Park
"I have lately been privileged to witness two demonstrations of television, or seeing by wireless (or wires)," says Rados in an English exchange. "The subject has received a vast amount of attention since the inception of broadcasting, as it is realised what an immense boon it would be, if we could both see and hear at the same time over the ether. Television is an accomplished fact. I have seen it demonstrated. But let me hasten to add that I don't expect to see it in commercial use for at least five years, and then only as a scientific novelty. That it will eventually be made possible for commercial use I have no doubt, but what has been done so far is not in a fraction of the advanced state that was Bell's telephone when he first published to the world the fact that he had been able to speak over a few hundred yards of wire."
At the monthly meeting of the Otago A and P Society, the Secretary read correspondence with the town clerk in regard to the question of the society being able to use the railway line from the goods yard to Queen's drive for the conveyance of stock, to which the City Council replied as follows: "With regard to the Ocean Beach Railway I am to say that the committee can conceive of no reason why your society should ever be deprived of the use of this railway, as at present for the conveyance of livestock to the show. Your society need be under no misapprehension in regard to this last-mentioned matter."
'Cold Lakes'
To the editor: Sir, I regret to note in your issue of today an account of the activities of some enterprising Dunedin gentlemen in improving the transport and residential facilities at Lake Wanaka and Hawea under the above most objectionable title. For many years the Otago Expansion League has battled against this misnomer and has succeeded in convincing the Tourist Department that the terms "Hot Lakes" and "Cold Lakes" should not be used. When it is pointed out that the temperature of Lake Rotorua is only a few degrees higher than that of Lake Wakatipu it will be seen that there is no obvious reason for the distinctive appellation.
The trouble created by such a title is that it convoys a totally erroneous impression to strangers and fosters the almost unkillable belief held in many places in the dominion that Otago and Antarctica are inter-changeable terms. May we, therefore, crave your valued assistance in eliminating the frigid adjective and substituting "Southern" or any other suitable description for the one unfortunately chosen? — I am, etc, Secretary, Otago Expansion League
Oil, that is
The world's total production of petroleum in 1924 is estimated at 137,642,000 tons. Of this the United States produced 93,378,000 tons, Mexico 21,642,000, Russia 6,000,000, Persia 4,253,000, the Dutch East Indies 2,084,000. Rumania 1,811,000, Venezuela 1,223,000 and India 1,135,000 tons.
The Americans have control of more than 80 percent of the world's total output. Holland, through the operations of the Royal Dutch-Shell combination, in which Dutch interests exercise a 60 percent authority, has control of a very large production, much of which is in the United States. This production is estimated at more than 10 percent of the world total. — ODT, 22.5.1925
Compiled by Peter Dowden
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Otago Daily Times
a day ago
- Otago Daily Times
New life for British youths
Young British men gather with New Zealand high commissioner Sir James Allen (centre) at Waterloo Station, London before their emigration to New Zealand. — Otago Witness, 2.6.1925 Some 320 assisted settlers are travelling to New Zealand by the SS James Allen was among those who saw them off at Waterloo Station. Thirty boys selected under the terms of the Sheepowners' Fund, fifty boys under the auspices of the Salvation Army, and thirty-six domestic servants are included in the number. The High Commissioner spoke to a good many of the boy settlers and wished them every success in their new home. Numbers of high officials of the Salvation Army were on the platform to give an official farewell to their section of the young travellers. Before the train left the platform there were many hearty cheers. Greyhounds chase live hares The June meeting of the Dunedin Coursing Club was commenced at Forbury Park yesterday afternoon, the coursing being witnessed by a fair number of those interested in the sport. The plumton was in good order, and the hares ran well. Very few kills were recorded; the game, in almost all cases, being given plenty of grace before the dogs were slipped. Among the dogs competing were several from Canterbury and Southland. The judge was Mr R. Prebble, Mr J. Ronald acting as slipper. Two rounds of the Boyle Memorial Stake were run off. Relief funds strong to save The executive of the Shipwreck Relief Society of New Zealand, in its annual report, state that the past year was free from any shipping disaster involving loss of life. During the year the sum of £20 1 shilling was expended in relief for the crew of the launch Sunlight, and £230 in relief to the crew of the steamer Ngahere, wrecked at Greymouth. To the Union Steam Ship Co the executive is again deeply indebted for its handsome contribution to the funds during the year, the sum of £206 11s 4d having been received from entertainments hold on board the company's steamers. The causes of crime Is it possible to find any root cause of crime that can be dealt with practically? The investigation undertaken by Professor W.S. Athearn, Dean of the Boston University School of Religious Education and Social Service concluded that the cause of crime is the failure of society to teach virtue, and that the crime wave will last until society builds a system of moral and religious schools to match the public schools of the land. The implied suggestion is that the churches have too long devoted almost all their resources to preaching to the mature, and that the time has come when they must accept as their primary work the teaching of the young. Obviously the more they can agree to work in unison the more effective will their work be. A survey of the facts of juvenile crime and of the provision of moral teaching in the dominion would provide a fitting basis for drawing attention to the urgency of the problem and to the need of some whole-hearted effort to abolish the spiritual illiteracy of the child which, according to Dr Athearn, is at the basis of all crime and moral delinquency. — editorial — ODT, 6.6.1925 Compiled by Peter Dowden


Scoop
2 days ago
- Scoop
Famous Faces Feature In 2025 Children's Book Awards Shortlist Announced Today
Well-known media personalities, bestselling-authors and previous awards winners are among the extremely strong shortlist of 32 titles for the 2025 New Zealand Book Awards for Children and Young Adults announced today. Musician and presenter Anika Moa, respected journalist and broadcaster Miriama Kamo and bestselling author and child psychiatrist Hinemoa Elder join previous winners, including Gavin Bishop, Ruth Paul and Bren MacDibble, as well as numerous other highly regarded and emerging writers and illustrators. The 2025 shortlist 'explores some of the many ways to be a New Zealander: our people, our place and our preoccupations,' says the convenor of judges Feana Tu'akoi. 'Among the finalist books, big ideas from our past, present and possible dystopian futures are considered in absorbing and thoughtful ways, providing springboards for deeper discussion. Themes include identity, connection, mental health, our histories, traditional wisdom, indigenous languages, and the importance of being exactly who we are.' This year's two expert judging panels – a bilingual English and Māori panel and a separate Te Kura Pounamu panel to judge titles written in te reo Māori – were impressed by the calibre of the 156 entries. Whether a deceptively simple board book aimed at our youngest tamariki, or a sophisticated novel for rangatahi, this year's shortlist deftly connects our best writers and illustrators with the most discerning of readers – children and teenagers, the judges say. These young readers were again involved in the judging process. Kura kaupapa Māori, primary, intermediate and secondary schools across the motu all put their hands up to receive entries in relevant categories, and were given judging guidelines and review templates to encourage considered feedback for the judging panel. In total 51 schools participated, and 450 reviews were supplied for consideration. The winners of each of the six main categories – Picture Book, Junior Fiction, Young Adult Fiction, Non-Fiction, Illustration and Te Reo Māori – take home $8500 and are then in the running to be named recipient of the Margaret Mahy Book of the Year, an award with a further $8500 prize money. In addition, the judges will award a Best First Book prize of $2500 to a previously unpublished author or illustrator. The ceremony to announce the winners will take place at Pipitea Marae in Wellington on the evening of Wednesday 13 August. The 2025 New Zealand Book Awards for Children and Young Adults finalists are: The BookHub Picture Book Award This year's finalists feature stunning illustrations in a range of masterful styles that combine with perfectly pitched text to tell engrossing, multi-layered stories, which the judges feel are sure to become family favourites. • Beddy Bye Time in the Kōwhai Tree, Juliette MacIver, illustrated by Lily Uivel (Scholastic New Zealand) • Mataali'i, Dahlia Malaeulu (Vaivase Tai, Sinamoga), illustrated by Darcy Solia (Mila's Books) • Ten Nosey Weka, Kate Preece, illustrated by Isobel Joy Te Aho-White (Ngāti Kahungunu, Kāi Tahu) (Bateman Books) • Titiro Look,Gavin Bishop (Tainui, Ngāti Awa), translated by Darryn Joseph (Ngāti Maniapoto, Ngāti Rereahu) (Gecko Press, Lerner Publishing Group) • You Can't Pat a Fish, Ruth Paul (Walker Books Australia) Wright Family Foundation Esther Glen Junior Fiction Award Junior Fiction continues to be a hotly contested category and the judges found this year's submissions possessed a real depth of exploration in both subject matter and age range. • Brown Bird, Jane Arthur (Penguin Random House New Zealand) • Detective Beans and the Case of the Missing Hat, Li Chen (Penguin Random House New Zealand) • The Apprentice Witnesser, Bren MacDibble (Allen & Unwin) • The Raven's Eye Runaways, Claire Mabey (Allen & Unwin) • Violet and the Velvets: The Case of the Missing Stuff, Rachael King, illustrated by Phoebe Morris (Allen & Unwin) Young Adult Fiction Award For an age group that can smell insincerity from a mile away, the judges found it heartening to see writing that triumphed for the YA reader and managed to be deeply emotional but never cloying or sentimental. • Bear, Kiri Lightfoot, illustrated by Pippa Keel Situ (Allen & Unwin) • Gracehopper, Mandy Hager (One Tree House) • Migration, Steph Matuku (Ngāti Tama, Ngāti Mutunga) (Huia Publishers) • The Mess of Our Lives, Mary-anne Scott (One Tree House) • The Paradise Generation, Sanna Thompson (umop apisdn press) Elsie Locke Award for Non-Fiction These pukapuka were chosen for their engaging writing, captivating illustration and range of perspectives. The judges felt they exemplify the different ways we can connect with non-fiction information and narratives. • Black Magic, David Riley, illustrated by Munro Te Whata (Ngāpuhi, Ngāti Porou, Makefu) (Reading Warrior) • Dear Moko: Māori Wisdom for our Young Ones, Hinemoa Elder (Te Aupōuri, Te Rarawa, Ngāti Kurī, Ngāi Takoto, Ngāpuhi nui tonu) (Penguin Random House New Zealand) • Ruru: Night Hunter, Katie Furze, illustrated by Ned Barraud (Scholastic New Zealand) • The Treaty of Waitangi, Ross Calman (Ngāti Toa, Ngāti Raukawa, Kāi Tahu) (Oratia Books) • Tui Pea Luva, by Mele Tonga Grant, illustrated by Luca Walton (Mila's Books) Russell Clark Award for Illustration These books feature collage, dreamy, Japanese woodblock-like composition, a waiata-evocative weaving of the abstract, watercolour and cartoon-like illustration. The judges believe these finalists showcase the sheer depth of the illustrator's craft to be found in New Zealand publishing right now. • Alice and the Strange Bird, Isaac du Toit (Isaac du Toit) • Hineraukatauri me Te Ara Pūoro, illustrated by Rehua Wilson (Te Aupouri, Te Rarawa), written by Elizabeth Gray (Ngāti Rēhia, Ngāti Uepōhatu, Tama Ūpoko ki te awa tipua, Ngāti Tūwharetoa anō hoki) (Huia Publishers) • Poem for Ataahua, illustrated by Sarah Wilkins, written by Alistair Teariki Campbell (Reading Warrior) • Sad Sushi, Anna Aldridge (Anna Aldridge) • You Can't Pat a Fish, Ruth Paul (Walker Books Australia) Wright Family Foundation Te Kura Pounamu Awards From retellings of pūrākau to contemporary kaupapa, the judges found that this year's Kura Pounamu entries, both written originally in te reo or translated from English, showed great understanding and engagement with te ao Māori as well as fluid, sophisticated use of the language supported by skilful, sensitive illustration. • A Ariā me te Atua o te Kūmara, Witi Ihimaera (Te Whānau a Kai, Rongowhakaata, Te Aitanga a Mahaki, Ngāti Porou), illustrated by Isobel Joy Te Aho-White (Ngāti Kahungunu, Kāi Tahu), translated by Hēni Jacob (Ngāti Raukawa) (Penguin Random House New Zealand) • *Hineraukatauri me Te Ara Pūoro, Elizabeth Gray (Ngāti Rēhia, Ngāti Uepōhatu, Tama Ūpoko ki te awa tipua, Ngāti Tūwharetoa anō hoki), illustrated by Rehua Wilson (Te Aupouri, Te Rarawa) (Huia Publishers) • Ka mātoro a Whetū rāua ko Kohu i Rotorua, Hayley Elliott-Kernot, translated by Te Ingo Ngaia (Taranaki, Ngāruahine, Te Ātiawa, Waikato-Maniapoto, Ngāti Whakaue, Te Whānau-a-Karuai ) (Round Door Design) • Ko ngā Whetū Kai o Matariki, ko Tupuānuku rāua ko Tupuārangi, Miriama Kamo (Ngāi Tahu, Ngāti Mutunga), illustrated by Zak Waipara (Ngāti Porou, Ngāti Ruapani, Ngāti Kahungunu, Rongowhakaata), translated by Ariana Stevens (Poutini Ngāi Tahu) (Scholastic New Zealand) • * Ngā Kupenga a Nanny Rina, Qiane Matata-Sipu (Te Waiohua, Waikato, Ngāpuhi, Ngāti Pikiao, Cook Islands), illustrated by Isobel Joy Te Aho-White (Ngāti Kahungunu, Kāi Tahu) (Penguin Random House New Zealand) * Indicates a finalist book originally written in te reo Māori NZSA Best First Book Award These shortlisted titles cover all age groups and genres. The judges praised their richly textured, wrap-around storytelling, captivating world-building, evocative illustration and powerful messages of authenticity, inclusion, aroha and fun. • Brave Kāhu and the Pōrangi Magpie, Shelley Burne-Field (Ngāti Mutunga, Ngāti Rārua, Te Ātiawa, Sāmoa) (Allen & Unwin) • Play Wild, Rachel Clare (Bateman Books) • The Raven's Eye Runaways, Claire Mabey (Allen & Unwin) • The Witch of Maketu and the Bleating Lambs, Anika Moa (Ngāpuhi, Te Aupōuri), illustrated by Rebecca ter Borg (Penguin Random House New Zealand) • The Writing Desk, Di Morris (Bateman Books) As well as acknowledging the best and brightest in books for children and teens, a core mission of the New Zealand Book Awards for Children and Young Adults is fostering literacy and a love of reading among New Zealand's tamariki and rangatahi. This includes a programme of large-scale Books Alive events, in which finalist authors and illustrators bring the magic of books to life at sessions for school children. This year, thanks to the generous support of the Mātātuhi Foundation, for the first time a day of joyous Books Alive fun will be held for Palmerston North and Manawatū school children on Tuesday 22 July, alongside events in Invercargill (30 July), Christchurch (8August) and Wellington (13 August). The New Zealand Book Awards for Children and Young Adults also administers the ever-popular HELL Reading Challenge, which has now been running for over a decade. Last year over 800 schools and libraries around the motu took part in the programme and more than 340,000 pizza wheels were distributed, leading to an estimated 2.3 million books read. The formidable task of narrowing the field to a shortlist of finalists was met by this year's experienced English and bilingual judging panel: Convenor of judges Feana Tu'akoi, a Kirikiriroa-based writer; Don Long, a children's and educational publishing expert; Linda Jane Keegan, a Singaporean-Pākehā writer and reviewer; Stacy Gregg (Ngāti Mahuta, Ngāti Pukeko, Ngāti Maru Hauraki), recipient of the Margaret Mahy Book of the Year at the 2024 NZCYA awards; and Mero Rokx (Ngāti Porou, Ngāti Awa, Ngāi Tai), an education specialist who is on the English-language and bilingual panel, as well as Te Kura Pounamu panel. They were joined by a separate panel especially appointed to judge te reo Māori entries: Convenor Mat Tait (Ngāti Apa ki te Rā Tō, Rangitāne o Wairau, Ngāti Kuia), a freelance artist, illustrator, writer and te reo Māori tutor based in the Motueka area; Justice-Manawanui Arahanga-Pryor (Ngāti Awa ki Rangitaiki, Ngāti Uenuku, Ngāti Rangi, Ngāi Te Ruahikihiki), a kaitakawaenga / library programming specialist; and Maxine Hemi (Ngāti Porou, Ngāti Kahungunu, Rangitāne), a kaiako with over 30 years' experience teaching. The New Zealand Book Awards for Children & Young Adults and their associated programmes are made possible through the generosity, commitment and vision of funders and partners: Creative New Zealand, HELL Pizza, the Wright Family Foundation, LIANZA Te Rau Herenga o Aotearoa, Wellington City Council, BookHub presented by Booksellers Aotearoa New Zealand, New Zealand Society of Authors Te Puni Kaituhi o Aotearoa, the National Library of New Zealand Te Puna Mātauranga o Aotearoa, the Mātātuhi Foundation, and NielsenIQ BookData. The Awards are administered by the New Zealand Book Awards Trust Te Ohu Tiaki i Te Rau Hiringa. Notes: Key Date: The winners will be announced in Wellington on Wednesday 13 August. The New Zealand Book Awards for Children and Young Adults are a unique celebration of the contribution New Zealand's children's authors and illustrators make to building national identity and cultural heritage. Awards are made in seven categories: Picture Book (the BookHub Award), Junior Fiction (the Wright Family Foundation Esther Glen Award), Young Adult Fiction, Non-Fiction (the Elsie Locke Award), Illustration (the Russell Clark Award), Te Reo Māori (the Wright Family Foundation Te Kura Pounamu Awards) and Best First Book (the NZSA Award). The main category awards carry prize money of $8,500 and the Best First Book winner receives $2,500. The overall prize, the Margaret Mahy Book of the Year Award, carries a further prize of $8,500. The awards are governed by the New Zealand Book Awards Trust Te Ohu Tiaki i Te Rau Hiringa (a registered charity). Current members of the Trust are Nicola Legat (chair), Richard Pamatatau, Garth Biggs, Elena de Roo, Renée Rowland, Laura Caygill, and Suzy Maddox. The Trust also governs the Ockham New Zealand Book Awards and Phantom Billstickers National Poetry Day. Creative New Zealand has been a sustaining partner of New Zealand's book awards for decades. The national arts development agency of the New Zealand government encourages, promotes and supports the arts in New Zealand for the benefit of all New Zealanders through funding, capability building, an international programme, and advocacy. Creative New Zealand provides a wide range of support to New Zealand literature, including funding for writers and publishers, residencies, literary festivals and awards, and supports organisations which work to increase the readership and sales of New Zealand literature at home and internationally. HELL Pizza was established in 1996 and now has 78 outlets throughout New Zealand. HELL has been proud to sponsor the New Zealand Book Awards for Children and Young Adults for over a decade. Known for doing things a little differently, in 2014 the company initiated the awards-associated HELL Reading Challenge, which encourages kiwi kids to swap screen time for stories by rewarding a love of reading with pizza. The programme rewards students with a free 333 kids' pizza once they have read seven books, because, HELL says, getting kids into reading 'is worth going to Hell for'. In 2024, 814 schools and public libraries around New Zealand took part and over 340,000 pizza wheels were distributed, which means that more than 2.3 million books were potentially read by Kiwi kids as a result. The Wright Family Foundation 's goal of 'growing the good' in New Zealand Aotearoa means literacy features prominently in its aspirations for the country's youth. Founder, the late Chloe Wright, was delighted to have the Foundation support the mahi of the New Zealand Books Awards for Children and Young Adults, believing that reading creates imagination, ultimately leading to the emergence of writers. 'Books, whether read or written, bring centuries of people together. Through the written word we gain tolerance and understanding, enabling us to share in the cultures, histories, myths, and magical spaces in time,' she said. The Foundation also supports Kids' Lit Quiz and the New Zealand Spelling Bee. LIANZA Te Rau Herenga o Aotearoa, the association for library and information professionals in New Zealand, introduced the country's first award for children's fiction, establishing the Esther Glen Junior Fiction Award in 1945. LIANZA added other awards over the years including the Russell Clark Award for Illustration in 1975 and the Elsie Locke Non-fiction Award in 1986. Te Kura Pounamu Award for books written in te reo Māori was established in 1996, in partnership with Te Rōpū Whakahau. In 2016 the LIANZA Children and Young Adult Book Awards were merged with the Zealand Book Awards for Children and Young Adults, strengthening the long legacy of the LIANZA Awards. Wellington City Council 's Arts Strategy Te Aho Tini is about artists and writers being central to Wellington City, working on some of the city's biggest challenges and generating connected, inclusive communities. Te Aho Tini seeks to support and celebrate writing and illustration within future careers. Founded in 1921, Booksellers Aotearoa New Zealand is the national association for bookshops. It helps booksellers grow and succeed through education, information, advocacy, marketing campaigns – such as Bookshop Day – and services – such as BookHub. Launched in 2023, BookHub is an e-commerce platform that enables people to browse books, buy books and find local bookshops, directly connecting readers with independent bookstores across the motu. Local bookshops are essential community hubs, and champions of Aotearoa New Zealand books and of the Ockham New Zealand Book Awards and the New Zealand Book Awards for Children and Young Adults. The New Zealand Society of Authors Te Puni Kaituhi o Aotearoa (NZSA) was established in 1934 as the New Zealand PEN Centre and remains the principal organisation for writers in Aotearoa today. Now representing over 1,800 writers, NZSA advocates for authors' rights and incomes, acts as a communications hub, administers prizes and awards, and runs a raft of digital and in-person professional development programmes and assessment and mentoring opportunities that support writers at all stages of their writing journeys. The Society works closely with industry partners and collaborates widely across the sector to advance the visibility and readership of NZ writers and NZ writing. NZSA is a non-profit Incorporated Society and registered charity, governed by a Board, with 8 regional branches, Ngā Kaituhi Māori, a growing Youth Writers Network, and a national office. The National Library of New Zealand Te Puna Mātauranga o Aotearoa helps all New Zealanders access and use the collective knowledge of the nation. It's their job to collect, connect, and co-create knowledge to power Aotearoa. The National Library has long supported literacy and learning, and recent reading initiatives related to its 'Growing a Nation of Readers' strategy include Communities of Readers and Te Awhi Rito Reading Ambassador. Award-winning author Kate De Goldi has been appointed as the third Te Awhi Rito Reading Ambassador from June 2025. Kate will advocate for and champion the importance of reading in the lives of young New Zealanders, their whānau and communities. In 2025 The National Library is supporting the New Zealand Book Awards for Children and Young Adults by hosting its Books Alive events in the multipurpose spaces of the Tiakiwai Conference Centre facility on the Wellington premises. The Mātātuhi Foundation was established by the Auckland Writers Festival in 2018 to support the growth and development of New Zealand's literary landscape. To achieve this outcome, the Foundation funds literary projects that have the potential to develop sustainable literary platforms that help grow awareness and readership of New Zealand books and writers, increase engagement with New Zealand children's literature, or build access to, and awareness of, New Zealand's literary legacy. In 2025, the Mātātuhi Foundation has provided a second year of funding to enable the expansion of the Books Alive programme – which engages finalist authors in the New Zealand Book Awards for Children and Young Adults with tamariki and rangatahi in a series of large-scale immersive events – to four centres around the country. NielsenIQ BookData provides a range of services to the book industry internationally, aiding the discovery and purchase, distribution and sales measurement of books. The company employs more than 100 staff and has offices in 17 countries, including New Zealand and Australia. NielsenIQ BookData is wholly owned by NIQ.


Otago Daily Times
2 days ago
- Otago Daily Times
Momona cheese makes judges smile
Cheeses on display at the Otago A and P Society winter show, in Dunedin. — Otago Witness, 9.6.1925 Ponga frond claim staked The Otago Winter Show was continued yesterday, and there was a good attendance throughout the day and evening. Yesterday's admission takings amounted to £342. The Taieri and Peninsula Milk Supply Company offered a challenge cup, valued at 15 guineas, for a cheese grading competition, open to bona fide cheese-factory managers. The cheese was graded by Government officials, and the particulars of points allocated lodged with the secretary. The cup was awarded to the competitor whose grading card was the nearest to the points allocated by the Government graders. On this occasion J.G. Wilson, third assistant at Momona Dairy Factory, won with 98 points. Wellington, June 4: At a meeting of the New Zealand Football Association to-night the Secretary reported that he had written to the New Zealand Rugby Union stating: "The association has no desire to use the title 'All Blacks,' and considers that as you represent the original holders of such a title you should now have the role right to use it. My council does, however, feel that the fern leaf, being the national emblem of New Zealand, should be worn by any person or persons representing New Zealand bodies in any field of sport. The uniform is a black jersey with a silver fern leaf, white knickers, black stockings, and black cap with a silver fern leaf. Our colours, black or white, have been in use for 30 years, and we contend we are entitled to use them for all time." Intermediates explained Mr J. Caughley, Director of Education, addressed members of the School Committees' Association last evening on the subject of Junior High Schools. There was no English-speaking country that had not adopted the principle that primary education should finish at 12 years and higher education commence at 12 and proceed onwards; it was remarkable that New Zealand was the last to adopt this principle. At about the age of 12 boys and girls were entering upon that period which was described as adolescence. They were becoming youths and maidens. . Boys and girls at about that age should be learning the elements of the subject they were going to take up later on. To those taught in their teens it became tedious, whereas taken at an earlier age it became easier and more agreeable. We should not wait till 13 or 14 years of age before commencing. It was too great a jump to tackle all at once. The junior high school would mean that the primary school course would end at about the Fourth Standard. Three schools in Auckland had had their Fifth Standards cut off to form the Kowhai School, and the head masters had reported that the work in the First, Second, Third, and Fourth Standards had never been better. The remaining pupils were getting just as good education as ever. This form of high school had been such a success that there had been pressure to secure more. There was a junior high school at Matamata now. Instead of having 60 pupils with two teachers the school how had 180 pupils from nine adjacent schools with five teachers. That school was working very satisfactorily. At Northcote there was a system with only three schools. In the smaller country districts he did not see how the scheme could be carried out, but there were places in Otago whore there could be a type of junior high school if arrangement could be made for collecting the children. — ODT, 5.6.1925 Compiled by Peter Dowden