How to spot venomous snakes in Missouri: Safety tips for summer
MISSOURI – With spring is full swing and summer not too far away, those that frequent the outdoors are bound to see more snakes slithering in the Show-Me State.
Snakes come out to play during the spring rains, more daylight and warmer temperatures.
For those of us who plan to hike, bike, camp, or just explore outside, especially in tall grass or wooded areas, be prepared to encounter different species of serpents that call our region home.
It's important to learn how to identify Missouri's venomous versus non-venomous snakes. The best advice from outdoor experts and conservationists, no matter the species, is to leave them alone to protect your health and theirs.
According to the Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC), Missouri is home to nearly 50 species and subspecies of snakes. Only six of them are venomous.
In the video above, Ozarks First's Bailey Strohl breaks down the three main venomous species we see in the Ozarks, as well as how to determine if it's non-venomous or venomous, and what to do if you encounter one.
The following information comes from the Missouri Department of Conservation and the MU Extension.
Eastern Copperhead
This is Missouri's most common venomous snake, according to MDC.
Their colors vary from gray-brown to pink-tan and have hour-glass shaped bands of darker colors. The belly will typically be a mix of dusty gray, tan, and black.
Copperheads will vibrate their tales when alarmed. Their venom, though, is considered mild when compared to others. Still, if you are bitten, seek medical treatment.
Northern Cottonmouth
The northern cottonmouth is also known to locals as the water moccasin. MDC says it gets its name from the white-colored lining of its mouth. It opens its mouth wide when alarmed, and can deliver a fatal bite.
Cottonmouths change from looking similar to a copperhead when young, to a more dark brown or black color as they age.
It is a semi-aquatic snake and can often be seen in or around water.
Timber Rattlesnake
According to MDC, the Timer Rattlesnake is Missouri's largest venomous snake, ranging from 36 to 60 inches long.
It will bite if harassed, dealing a dangerous bite. Anyone bit should seek medical attention immediately.
Their bodies are typically tan in color with a mix of dark and rust-colored marking from the head and down its back. The tail has a large rattle at the end.
Non-venomous vs. Venomous
Eyes – The pupils of a venomous snake's eyes are vertical slits. The pupils of nonvenomous snakes' eyes are round. If you need to get a closer look at they eye, still make sure to stay a safe distance away. According to the MU Extension, snakes cannot strike farther than 1/3 of the length of their body.
Pit – This is where pit viper's get their name. Venomous snakes have this sensory area on each side of their head. The pit looks similar to a nostril and is located in between the eye and the nostril.
Scales – When you turn a snake on their belly, you will see one of two different tail patterns that can determine if the snake is venomous or non-venomous. The underside of venomous snakes will have a single row of scales. Non-venomous snakes, on the other hand, will have two scale rows.
Watch where you step
Snakes thrive in areas that are well-covered and where food is good supply. When out hiking or exploring, be sure to keep an eye on the ground and be watching for something slithering. According to MDC, snakes prefer out-of-the-way places where they can hide and stalk prey.
Around your home, you can often find snakes living or lingering near:
Firewood stacked directly on the ground
Gardens and flower beds with heavy mulch
Untrimmed shrubs and shrubs growing next to a foundation;
Unmowed and unkempt lawns
Pond and stream banks with debris and trash
Cluttered basements and attics with a rodent, bird or bat problem
MDC recommends in the event of a snakebite, seek medical attention immediately. If you cannot positively identify the offending species as non-venomous, call 911.
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