
Maths pupils in Wales underperforming due to 'inconsistent teaching', report finds
Maths pupils in Wales underperforming due to 'inconsistent teaching', report finds
The report found there was 'insufficient subject-specific support' and that maths education across Wales remains too variable
A new thematic report from Estyn has been published
(Image: PA )
Many pupils are underperforming in mathematics due to "inconsistent teaching and insufficient subject-specific support", according to a new thematic report from Estyn. The report found that the quality of maths education across Wales remains too variable.
The report, entitled 'Unlocking potential: insights into improving teaching and leadership in mathematics education', draws on evidence from recent school inspections, thematic visits to primary, secondary and all-age schools, and national survey responses. Whilst the report identifies pockets of effective practice in mathematics teaching and curriculum planning, overall too many schools fall short in key areas including subject knowledge, pedagogy, and the use of assessment to guide teaching.
Inspectors found that where teaching was most effective, teachers held high expectations, used a range of responsive assessment techniques, and ensured that pupils developed a deep understanding of mathematical concepts.
In contrast, less effective teaching often lacked challenge and did not address misconceptions effectively. For our free daily briefing on the biggest issues facing the nation, sign up to the Wales Matters newsletter here .
The report also highlights a concerning decline in subject-specific professional learning and support for teachers, which contributes to gaps in confidence and competence, particularly around the Curriculum for Wales.
In some cases, teachers relied too heavily on bought-in schemes of work without sufficient adaptation to meet pupils' needs.
Article continues below
Estyn chief inspector Owen Evans said: 'Too many pupils in Wales are not reaching their full potential in mathematics because the quality of teaching and leadership varies so widely between schools.
"We need to raise expectations for all learners and provide our teachers with the subject-specific training and support they need to help every pupil succeed. Strong mathematics education is fundamental not just to individual futures, but to Wales's future prosperity.
'Our report focusses on how we can improve the teaching of Maths in Wales, and provides a number of best practice examples and resources to support teachers in their day to day practice.'
The report identifies the need for a coherent and comprehensive mathematics curriculum that builds progressively on pupils' learning and includes authentic contexts for application.
Schools with the strongest outcomes often demonstrated collaborative curriculum planning, clear progression models, and a balance between explicit instruction and opportunities for pupils to explore and reason independently.
Examples of effective practice from schools are highlighted throughout the report, as well as practical video resources for classroom teachers.
Article continues below
Estyn has made a series of recommendations to the Welsh Government, local authorities, regional consortia, and school leaders to strengthen the quality of mathematics teaching and ensure that all pupils, regardless of where they live, have access to high-quality mathematics education.

Try Our AI Features
Explore what Daily8 AI can do for you:
Comments
No comments yet...
Related Articles


Wales Online
an hour ago
- Wales Online
The number of parents fined and prosecuted for not sending their children to school in Wales
The number of parents fined and prosecuted for not sending their children to school in Wales One council said it tries not to fine or prosecute parents who don't send their children to school while others take a stricter approach More than 500 parents were fined across Wales last term for not sending their children to school with more than 100 prosecutions. The figures, obtained through Freedom of Information Act requests, were revealed as schools face the annual problem of families taking their children out of lessons to go on summer holidays before prices rise in peak season. The Welsh Government, councils, and and schools are struggling to get more children back into classrooms. Despite a very small improvement in school attendance this academic year it still trails pre-pandemic levels more than five years after classrooms first closed to the threat of Covid. Some children have never returned at all. Schools inspectorate Estyn recently warned it would take a decade, at the current rate of progress, to get attendance rates back to where they were before Covid and some schools believe fines and court action are the only answer. On average secondary-age pupils miss around one day of school a fortnight and now miss 11 days of school more each year than before the pandemic. More than one in 10 secondary school sessions – counted as half a school day – are now being missed on average in high schools across Wales with absence rates worst for less-well-off children and those in key GCSE year 11. Article continues below Education inspectorate Esytn has described low school attendance in Wales as "an important national concern". The watchdog said school leaders in some parts of Wales have told inspectors they are frustrated that their local authorities won't fine parents who don't send their children in. They have told Estyn this failure to act is is "restricting their ability to challenge families to improve pupils' attendance". The data shows while some councils are issuing fines and prosecuting parents for not sending their children to school others, such as Anglesey, are not. Sign up for our free daily briefing on the biggest issues facing the nation sign up to the Wales Matters newsletter here. Fixed penalty notice (FPN) fines for parents not sending their children to school are £60 rising to £120 if that's not paid within 28 days. Parents can be prosecuted if they do not pay those fines or if there is a recurring pattern of their children being absent from lessons. WalesOnline asked all 22 councils for data on fines, prosecutions, and fixed penalty notices issued in respect of children absent from school in the spring term 2025. Only 13 of the 22 councils responded to our requests, despite a statutory timeframe of 20 working days for doing so, meaning the true figures for fines and court cases will be higher. Only Cardiff, Wales' largest local education authority, provided details of total amounts that fines cost parents last term. The prosecutions listed may refer to absences before last term and may not be connected in all cases to the FPNs issued last term. Fines issued by each council to parents whose children didn't attend school in the spring term 2025 Anglesey Anglesey said it issues no fines and there were no prosecutions for parents not sending their children to school there last term but the council admitted this did not mean there was not a need to do so. A spokesman for Anglesey Council said: "This isn't because sometimes there hasn't been a need. However we have made a decision to focus on working with parents without having to resort to using legal channels." Blaenau Gwent Overall 77 FPNs were issued while there were 59 prosecutions which all resulted in financial penalties but the amounts were not specified. Bridgend Five FPNs were handed out but there were no prosecutions. A Bridgend County Borough Council spokesman said: 'In line with our latest policy a total of five fixed-penalty notices (FPNs) were issued to parents/carers in relation to school absences during spring term 2025. 'Our policy in relation to FPNs reinforces our positive messaging in local communities about the impact school attendance has on the overall development, learning, and wellbeing of our pupils. 'A range of factors are always taken into account such as the level of unauthorised absence, any equalities considerations, additional needs, history of attendance, the level of parental engagement, and any adverse effect a fine will have on the welfare of the family in question.' Caerphilly In total 75 FPNs were issued though six were withdrawn. There were eight prosecutions with seven fines and one remaining outstanding. The council said: "If a pupil who is registered at a school fails to attend regularly and attempts by the education welfare officer and the school fail to secure regular attendance consideration will be given to issuing the parent with a fixed penalty notice. Unless there are known mitigating circumstances the local authority could also consider taking legal action by issuing a summons against the parents to appear before the magistrates' court under section 444 of the 1996 Education Act. "In deciding whether to take legal action the EWO (education welfare officer) must be satisfied that there is sufficient evidence to provide a realistic prospect of conviction. It must consider what the defence case may be and how this is likely to affect the prosecution case." Cardiff Overall 220 FPNs were issued. There were also 34 prosecutions with outcomes as follows: Three parents were fined £40 Four parents were fined £60 Three parents were fined £80 Eight parents were fined £120 Two parents were fined £180 Eight parents were fined £220 Three parents were fined £440 One parent was given a six-month conditional discharge and ordered to pay £75 prosecution costs and a £26 victim surcharge One parent was handed a community order for a period of 18 months to include 25 rehabilitation order requirement (RAR) days plus a £120 fine, £150 prosecution costs, and £114 victim surcharge One parent was made subject to a 12-month community order with 10 RAR days and ordered to pay prosecution costs of £80 and a £114 victim surcharge In the first seven cases disposed of solely by fines above all parents were required to pay court costs of between £75 and £150 and a victim surcharge of between £16 and £176. Ceredigion The council said there were fewer than five FPNs and prosecutions initiated by the local authority last term. The council said: "Ceredigion local authority always aim to work in partnership with parents in order to resolve reasons for non-attendance and therefore any consideration of punitive measures is always used as a last resort." Conwy Overall 46 FPNs were issued between January 6, 2025, and April 11, 2025. None of the FPNs from this period have been prosecuted yet. Monmouthshire Monmouthshire council said it did not issue any FPNs or have any prosecutions go through in the spring term 2025. Neath Port Talbot The council issued 29 FPNs and there were seven prosecutions with six guilty pleas and one not guilty plea. Pembrokeshire In total 65 FPNs were issued with four prosecutions initiated for "entrenched school absence". Two parents were due to appear in court in May. The council said: "Each school within the authority has their own separate absence policy. The education welfare service are currently undergoing an evaluation of the service and will be writing a model policy for schools for September 2025." Swansea The authority sent 52 fixed penalty notice warning letters and this resulted in 33 fixed penalty notices being issued in full. There were no prosecutions last term. Torfaen Torfaen Council provided data for a different time period but it said the main reason for issuing FPNs has been unauthorised holidays being taken during term time. The council said between March 2024 and April 2025 there were a total 261 FPNs issued though 11 were later withdrawn. It said absence rates had fallen slightly but were still higher than pre-pandemic levels. Vale of Glamorgan The council issued 37 FPNs while there were no prosecutions last term. How school attendance has plunged since classrooms shut in the pandemic Latest Welsh Government figures on school absence, released on June 3, show average attendance for the 2023-24 academic year in Wales was 90.5% – down from 94.3% in 2018-19. This is a fall in attendance of 3.8 percentage points since the pandemic. Attendance is counted not in numbers of pupils but in numbers of half-day school sessions. The main reason for children not being in school was illness at 4% followed by all unauthorised absences, including holidays without agreement and being late, at 3.3%. Holidays alone represent 0.6% of unauthorised absence.. The law – under the Education (Pupil Registration) (Wales) Regulations 2010 – says head teachers can authorise absences for pupils to go on holiday but "save in exceptional circumstances" pupils should not be given more than 10 school days leave in any school year. Average attendance in 2023-24 was lowest among pupils in year 11 at 85.3% and highest amongst pupils in year three at 92.6%. Attendance among year 11 pupils was 7.9 percentage points lower than it was in 2018-19. Attendance in primary school year groups fell by 2.3 to 2.7 percentage points over the same period. The figures showed 53.3% of pupils eligible for free school meals were persistently absent in 2023-24, up from 30.4% in 2018-19. Persistent absence is when a child misses 10% or more of half-day school sessions. Article continues below Responding to warnings about attendance from Estyn last month the Welsh Government said: "Raising school attendance is a key commitment. School attendance has increased by 0.5% this year and we continue to invest in family engagement officers and community-focused schools to respond to the needs of learners and build strong partnerships with families and the wider community." The problem is reflected across other parts of the UK.


Wales Online
3 hours ago
- Wales Online
The £6bn rail line argument that masks what you should be really angry about
Our community members are treated to special offers, promotions and adverts from us and our partners. You can check out at any time. More info Over the last few days, there has been one hot topic in the world of Welsh politics - a train line which will run between Oxford and Cambridge. Given these two cities are roughly 200 miles from Wales, you can be forgiven for asking why. East West Rail is a railway project which will link Oxford and Cambridge at an estimated cost of £6.6bn. Any money spent on it will trigger extra payments to Scotland and Northern Ireland so they can spend it on their transport systems. But, just as has been the case throughout the HS2 debacle, there won't be any extra money for the Welsh Government. The reason for this is both incredibly simple and reasonable on the surface but devillishly complicated and truly unfair beneath it. It may not necessarily be a scandal in itself. But it symbolises everything that is wrong with how rail funding is allocated in England and Wales. For our free daily briefing on the biggest issues facing the nation, sign up to the Wales Matters newsletter here On the face of it, this issue isn't linked to the spending review that has been happening in Westminster for the last six months or more and of which chancellor Rachel Reeves will stand up in the Commons on Wednesday and deliver the conclusion. Yet it helps shed a light on why that will be enormously complex to understand and why the real story may not be the one you read in headlines that evening. So bear with us while we go through it. The fury from politicians Opposition politicians in Wales have been fulminating about East West rail. They say that the rail line should have been classified as an England-only project like Crossrail so that the Welsh Government would get a guaranteed share. Lib Dem MP David Chadwick said Wales will lose out to the tune of between £306m and £363m as a result. Describing it as another HS2, he said: "Labour expects people across Wales to believe the ridiculous idea that this project will benefit them, and they are justified in not giving Wales the money it needs to improve our own public transport systems. 'It's a disgrace, and it shows there has been no meaningful change since in the way Wales is treated since Labour took power compared to the Conservatives." Plaid Cymru's leader Mr ap Iorwerth took a similar tack, telling plenary: "For all the talk of the UK Government acknowledging somehow that Welsh rail has been historically underfunded, this is some partnership in power." Yet, while there's a lot of truth to what they're saying, it's also much more complicated. Which is where the spending review comes in. Comparability factors There will be so many numbers in the paperwork that accompanies Wednesday's spending review that finding the most important ones isn't straightforward. Yet if you want to know just how much of the England and Wales transport pot is going to be sucked into paying for massive rail projects in England like HS2 (£66bn) or East West rail (£6bn) or all the tram/train projects being promised in England outside London (£15bn), then look out for the overall transport comparability factor for Wales. Very simply, this is the number that the Treasury uses to work out how much the Welsh Government should get for every £1 it spends on transport in England. The reason everyone has been so, so angry about HS2 and the massive billions being poured is that back in 2015, Wales used to get a comparability factor of 80.9%. Yet when the number crunchers in Horse Guards Road sat down to work out how much the Welsh Government should get at the last spending review in 2021, that comparability factor fell to just 33.5%. Ouch. For every £1 spent on transport by Westminster, since the last spending review the Welsh Government has received a population adjusted share (5%) of 33.5%. Or about 1.6p. For context, it used to be around 4p. If Mr Chadwick and Mr Iorwerth are right and the UK government plans to plough even more money into rail in England in the coming years on projects like HS2, East Coast and what the Tories used to call Northern Powerhouse rail, then the new comparability factor that the Treasury mathematicians will conjure up this time could be even lower. But even that is massively misleading. Because if the UK government also promises to plough vast sums into rail in Wales then the comparability factor for the Welsh Government would not rise - it would fall further still. Is your mind boggling yet? We said it was complex. What the Welsh Government wants Because the Welsh Government isn't responsible for rail infrastructure spending, the transport comparability factor really just reflects how much money is going on rail. The less that's spent on rail, the higher a share of the overall transport pot the Welsh Government gets. The more that goes on rail, the lower a share of the overall transport spot the Welsh Government gets. The real problem for Cardiff Bay then is not the comparability factor. Neither is it the fact that East West rail isn't classified as England-only. The problem, as far as the Welsh Government is concerned, is the fact that the England and Wales rail pot itself isn't shared fairly. HS2 and East Coast rail are the symbols of a system that is broken that pours vast sums into English rail projects while Wales misses out. Even if they were classified as England-only, the money would go to the Welsh Government which isn't responsible for rail infrastructure spending. "The way that the system operates at the moment—for years I've been saying—is redundant," Wales' transport minister Ken Skates has said. "The east-west line, which has been in development, I believe, for around about 20 years now, is part of the rail network enhancements pipeline, where everything in a large footprint, a substantial footprint, including Wales, is packaged together. "Where you have all schemes in England and Wales packaged together in what's called the regional network enhancement pipeline it means that projects in Wales are always going to be competing on the business case with projects in affluent areas of the south-east, of London. That means that we are at a disadvantage. "I want to see it change. I've been saying it for years. There's nothing new in this story. I've been saying that we need reform for years and suddenly people have woken up to it." Wales' First Minister Eluned Morgan has said the same. "What we have is a situation where there is a pipeline of projects for England and Wales. Are we getting our fair share? Absolutely not. Are we making the case? Absolutely." "I've made the case very, very clearly that, when it comes to rail, we have been short-changed, and I do hope that we will get some movement on that in the next week from the spending review," she said. What does this mean for the spending review When Rachel Reeves stands up in the Commons on Wednesday, we fully expect she will announce some funding for rail in Wales, as you can see in our piece here, and our expectation is that will be about the rail stations earmarked in the work by Lord Burns after the M4 relief road was axed. They would be in Cardiff East, Parkway, Newport West, Maindy, Llanwern and Magor. But what matters is how much and when - and how that compares to the money being spent in England. Imagine the chancellor announces a few hundred million pounds for those rail stations in Wales in the spending review, what we do not - and will likely not know for many years - is whether that amount is a fair reflection of the mass spending she has announced in England because we know she has also touted £15bn of improvements in England. It will likely take years for academics to assess what kind of share of the rail pot has been spent in Wales. In the past, it certainly has not been fair. In 2018, a Welsh Government commissioned report by Professor Mark Barry estimated that the Network Rail Wales route, which covers 11% of the UK network, received just over 1% of the enhancement budget for the 2011-2016 period. In 2021, the Wales Governance Centre told MPs on the Welsh affairs select committee that had rail been fully devolved to the Welsh Government, Wales would have received an additional £514m for enhancements via Network Rail had rail infrastructure been devolved as it is in Scotland. So when Leeds West and Pudsey MP Ms Reeves gets to her feet in the Commons on Wednesday, you can pretty much guarantee there will at least one or two headlines relevant Wales. But we may not understand what they really mean for a while yet and East West rail won't help us understand either.


South Wales Guardian
3 hours ago
- South Wales Guardian
Rayner faces Labour backbench call to ‘smash' existing housebuilding model
Labour's Chris Hinchliff has proposed a suite of changes to the Government's flagship Planning and Infrastructure Bill, part of his party's drive to build 1.5 million homes in England by 2029. Mr Hinchliff has proposed arming town halls with the power to block developers' housebuilding plans, if they have failed to finish their previous projects. He has also suggested housebuilding objectors should be able to appeal against green-lit large developments, if they are not on sites which a council has set aside for building, and put forward a new duty for authorities to protect chalk streams from 'pollution, abstraction, encroachment and other forms of environmental damage'. Mr Hinchliff has told the PA news agency he does not 'want to rebel' but said he would be prepared to trigger a vote over his proposals. He added his ambition was for 'a progressive alternative to our planning system and the developer-led profit-motivated model that we have at the moment'. The North East Hertfordshire MP said: 'Frankly, to deliver the genuinely affordable housing that we need for communities like those I represent, we just have to smash that model. 'So, what I'm setting out is a set of proposals that would focus on delivering the genuinely affordable homes that we need, empowering local communities and councils to have a driving say over what happens in the local area, and also securing genuine protection for the environment going forwards.' Mr Hinchliff warned that the current system results in 'speculative' applications on land which falls outside of councils' local housebuilding strategies, 'putting significant pressure on inadequate local infrastructure'. In his constituency, which lies between London and Cambridge, 'the properties that are being built are not there to meet local need', Mr Hinchliff said, but were instead 'there to be sold for the maximum profit the developer can make'. Asked whether his proposals chimed with the first of Labour's five 'missions' at last year's general election – 'growth' – he replied: 'If we want to have the key workers that our communities need – the nurses, the social care workers, the bus drivers, the posties – they need to have genuinely affordable homes. 'You can't have that thriving economy without the workforce there, but at the moment, the housing that we are delivering is not likely to be affordable for those sorts of roles. 'It's effectively turning the towns into commuter dormitories rather than having thriving local economies, so for me, yes, it is about supporting the local economy.' Mr Hinchliff warned that the 'bottleneck' which slows housebuilding 'is not process, it's profit'. The developer-led housing model is broken. It has failed to deliver affordable homes. Torching environmental safeguards won't fix it—the bottleneck isn't just process, it's profit. We need a progressive alternative: mass council house building in sustainable communities. — Chris Hinchliff MP (@CHinchliffMP) June 6, 2025 Ms Rayner, the Deputy Prime Minister and Housing Secretary, is fronting the Government's plans for 1.5 million new homes by 2029. Among the proposed reforms is a power for ministers to decide which schemes should come before councillors, and which should be delegated to local authority staff, so that committees can 'focus their resources on complex or contentious development where local democratic oversight is required'. Natural England will also be able to draft 'environmental delivery plans (EDPs)' and acquire land compulsorily to bolster conservation efforts. Mr Hinchliff has suggested these EDPs must come with a timeline for their implementation, and that developers should improve the conservation status of any environmental features before causing 'damage' – a proposal which has support from at least 43 cross-party MP backers. MPs will spend two days debating the Bill on Monday and Tuesday. Chris Curtis, the Labour MP for Milton Keynes North, warned that some of Mr Hinchliff's proposals 'if enacted, would deepen our housing crisis and push more families into poverty'. He said: 'I won't stand by and watch more children in the country end up struggling in temporary accommodation to appease pressure groups. No Labour MP should. 'It's morally reprehensible to play games with this issue. 'These amendments should be withdrawn.'