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Two Minnesota lawmakers shot, one killed in ‘targeted' attacks
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Vintage photos show how fatherhood has evolved in the US
Fatherhood in the US has evolved since the days of the breadwinner archetype. Changes in the economy led to changing gender roles in parenting. Today, fathers spend more time nurturing their children than ever before. A century ago, fatherhood often meant long hours at work to put bread on the table … and not spending much time with your children. By contrast, some fathers today get parental leave and have a more hands-on approach, from changing diapers to reading bedtime stories. Fatherhood looks different for every father, with factors like culture, finances, and family structures creating a unique experience for every dad. It's also a role that has changed over the past century. Shifts in gender dynamics and the workforce have impacted parenting and the roles of mothers and fathers. Events like the Great Depression, World War II, the 2008 crisis, and COVID-19 have all left a mark on parenting dynamics. Today, more fathers stay at home and nurture their children than ever before. This Father's Day, take a look back at how fatherhood has changed over the last 100 years, from the effects of industrialization to the rise of stay-at-home dads. In the pre-industrial days, a child's behavior was seen as a reflection of their father's raising. Before the industrialization of the US, and going back to the colonial period, fathers were seen as directly responsible for their children's upbringing. "If the children 'went bad,' it was blamed on the father," Regina Morantz-Sanchez, a history professor at the University of Michigan, told the university. This social standard meant fathers often took an active role in shaping a child. For many, especially in rural areas, this also meant training their children in skills needed to contribute to their communities, such as farming or hunting. Industrialization put the financial burden on fathers, who were expected to be breadwinners. The rise in industrial jobs, which were predominantly taken up by men, led to a change in social dynamics, where fathers now faced the financial responsibility of feeding their families, leading to the rise of the "breadwinner" trope. "The new economic structure separated the home and the workplace, which led to a new fatherly ideal," Morantz-Sanchez said. "The men became the breadwinners, and the women stayed at home. This took child-rearing out of the traditional male role." Amid the Great Depression, Father's Day honored dads and the different ways they supported their families. Although it didn't become a national holiday until 1972, Father's Day was first marked in the early 1900s. It began being more widely celebrated in the 1920s after the Great Depression, a time when many men spent long hours away from their families, while other men had faced the challenges of losing their jobs. The Great Depression also promoted Father's Day as a gifting holiday, as reported by the Old Farmer's Almanac, as this helped stimulate the economy. Drafts put a strain on fatherhood as men left their families for war. As World War II escalated in Europe by 1940, America implemented a draft that, initially, didn't include married men, leading to a "marriage boom," as reported by the Oregon Secretary of State. By 1943, fathers became eligible for the draft, and many men had to leave their families as they went off to war, continuing a trend of absent fatherhood in American society, whether it was caused by economic dynamics or, in this instance, a draft. After the war, many women stayed in the labor force, which began to shift parenting dynamics. After WW2, when women largely joined the workforce, working mothers became a more familiar concept for American society. By the 1960s, more married women worked than ever before in American history, as reported by PBS. Having two working parents became more typical, and with that came a heavier burden on housework and childcare. While mothers continued to serve as the main caregivers even while working themselves, some men began "helping" mothers, as reported in a 2009 report from the National Council on Family Relations. By the 1970s, some fathers began being more involved in their children's childcare. A new type of fatherhood began to emerge in the 1970s as men took on more of a nurturing role in their children's upbringing. This new archetype, named "the new nurturant father" at the time, as noted in a Cornell University study, was used to describe fathers who, although still serving as the main breadwinner of the house, also took on an active role in the emotional development of their children. Part of this came as a response to a rise in absent fathers after no-fault divorce began being legalized by 1969, which drew much criticism from the growing feminist movement as well as scrutiny from the psychological community. It was a time of shifting attitudes toward parenting, as feminists highlighted the invisible labor traditionally done by mothers, and as fathering researchers studied the effects of emotional detachment from absent fathers on both the children and the fathers themselves. A movement for "new fatherhood" began emerging in the 1980s as fathers continued to become more involved in their children's lives, as reported by Psychology Today. At the turn of the 20th century, more dads were staying home with their kids. Between 2003 and 2006, the rate of stay-at-home dads increased by 50%, as reported by the American Psychological Association. This aligned with the rise in women's wages, along with a growing sentiment of not wanting someone else to raise their children, per APA. Despite their growing presence in childcare, stay-at-home dads also reported feeling isolated from other stay-at-home parents, who were predominantly women. The trend continued after the 2008 economic crash. While rates of stay-at-home dads have fluctuated over the past 50 years, they have consistently increased during periods of high unemployment, per the Pew Research Center. After the 2008 financial crisis, many men stayed at home and provided childcare for their children. "In the aftermath of the Great Recession, we saw the share of all stay-at-home parents go up by several percentage points to about 29%," Pew Research Center's director of social trends research, Kim Parker, told CNBC in 2021. Still, the rates of stay-at-home have remained low — around 7% in 2021 — and their reasons to stay home differ from stay-at-home moms, with more men staying at home because of disability, retirement, inability to find a job, or going to school, according to the Pew Research Center. Rates of stay-at-home dads went up further after the COVID-19 pandemic, and time spent with children has remained at a historic high. As people left the workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic, many men were presented with the opportunity to stay home with their children. As many as 7 million men between 25 and 54 did not return to the workforce after the pandemic, as reported by The Spectator. Today, per The New York Times, fathers spend more time with their children than previous generations, and parenting trends continue to shift toward a more balanced version of parenthood, where mothers and fathers share more of the responsibilities and joys of raising a child. Read the original article on Business Insider
Yahoo
44 minutes ago
- Yahoo
With gratitude for community, Longmont veteran village marks grand opening
Longmont's tiny home village for military veterans is complete, ushering in a new era of community support for all who served. U.S. Army veteran Patrick Putnam moved to the village almost two years ago. As a part of the mission of Veterans Community Project, the nonprofit group that operates the village, Putnam lives there for free as he works toward permanent housing and employment. In the years since moving in, Putnam has made the community his home. He tends to a blueberry bush on his front porch. He helped build some of the houses. Now that construction is finished, Putnam will keep pitching in by mowing the village's new grassy lawn. 'I love mowing grass,' he said. 'It's not even a chore for me.' For Putnam, the VCP Longmont village gave him a 'place to start over' when he needed it. He was able to complete technical certifications that will help him with his goal to enter the information technology industry. After three months, he said, he stopped locking his door because of how safe the community felt. Putnam plans to leave the village within the next four months, but he won't forget the bonds he built with fellow veterans who are dealing with similar experiences. 'It's not just stable, it's also comfortable,' Putnam said of VCP Longmont. 'It gives you plenty of breathing room to work on yourself. I had to focus on my mental health in particular when I first got here, and I had the room to do that.' On Thursday, VCP Longmont celebrated its grand opening with a housewarming event at the village. Jennifer Seybold, executive director of VCP Longmont, recalled the 'stops and starts' in the process that began in 2019 to make the village a reality. 'Tonight feels like the moment after the move-in when the lights are on, and the boxes are unpacked, and you're finally ready to invite your neighbors over,' Seybold told dozens of visitors on Thursday. With villages across the country, Veterans Community Project provides housing and case management for veterans struggling with homelessness. The Longmont village at 3095 Mountain Brook Drive has 26 tiny homes, a community center and outdoor recreation areas. There are currently 15 residents living there, regardless of their discharge status or type of service. At Thursday's housewarming party, guests were invited to tour the village, look inside unoccupied tiny homes and meet VCP team members. Several guests wrote messages in marker on a sign for the village's community center. One read: 'We are proud to support our vets.' Surrounded by homes decorated with American flags, people who played a role in the village's development reflected on the long journey. Philanthropist Carrie Morgridge helped close out VCP Longmont's funding needs near the end of construction with a matching campaign. Morgridge said her father served in the U.S. Navy, which inspired her to seek out projects for veterans that the foundation could support. 'Knowing that the city of Longmont wanted this project is so important,' Morgridge said. The Longmont City Council has backed the village for years, including waiving roughly $189,582 in development fees for VCP Longmont in 2022. Vic Young gave more than 1,000 hours of volunteer labor to the village. He remembered how the site looked three years ago, with the field full of weeds and the community center still under construction. Young thanked volunteers for pouring their time and energy into the project. He promised them that Thursday's ceremony didn't mark the end of their work, but the beginning, as the village can finally fulfill its purpose of serving veterans. 'When we look at what we've accomplished here, we surely can take pride in our work,' Young said. 'Because you gave, we look at this wonderful village that stands behind us here today.'
