
Rehabilitated seals from Cornish Seal Sanctuary tracked using GPS
A GPS tagging project has given researchers an insight into the movements of rehabilitated grey seal pups. The trial study run by Dr Luis Huckstadt of the University of Exeter, in cooperation with the Cornish Seal Sanctuary, tracked the movements of 16 rehabilitated seal pups, which were released from the sanctuary in Gweek.The first pup fitted with a tag, Maggot, made an unexpected journey to Brittany, travelling more than 150 miles (241km). A second pup named Selkie, rescued from Jersey in January, was the first of the seals in the study to cross international waters by swimming up the River Somme in northern France.
Whirligig, a pup rescued from Weymouth, headed straight back to his local waters after being released.He was earlier spotted lounging on the pontoons of Brixham Harbour in the spring. Dung Beetle, a pup released in south Cornwall, headed straight for the southern coast of Ireland.Anne Van Domberg, senior animal care specialist and research coordinator at the Cornish Seal Sanctuary, said: "For the first time, we're seeing where these pups go, how quickly they settle, and where they find feeding grounds."The early data gives us valuable insight into the success of rehabilitation and the behaviour of young seals post-release."
The sanctuary said the project was made possible thanks to guests and supporters, as well as the dedication of the its animal care team, who rehabilitated more than 30 pups over the winter.Ms Van Domberg said: "We rescue seals with the aim of releasing strong, healthy animals back into the wild. "But thanks to this technology, we're finally able to follow their stories beyond the shoreline."It's amazing to see them thriving, exploring, and in some cases, travelling hundreds of miles."It's real proof that our work matters. "It's so exciting to see where they head off to and heartwarming to know that they are doing so well out there in the wild."
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BBC News
a day ago
- BBC News
How Devon and Cornwall warming seas are altering the food chain
Beneath the surface of the ocean is a world filled with a vast array of fauna and flora but scientists say "somewhat unusual" changes are taking place. Intensified by a marine heatwave in May, they say waters off the south coast of England are getting warmer and disrupting the food chain. "I'm not a scientist or anything like that," said Cornish snorkeler and underwater photographer Heather Hamilton."But because I've been in the sea so much over the last 20-odd years, I have seen changes, especially in the last two years." Ms Hamilton runs a a blog and Instagram page documenting the different species she sees in Cornwall, including different species of jellyfish as well as increases in octopus said the changes had also left her with a "mixture of emotions" from excitement to concern."You've got in the back of your mind, 'Is this a good thing?'" she said."It's a little bit worrying to think why is this happening all of a sudden in the last few years?" Ms Hamilton's observations in the sea are part of what marine ecologist Dr Bryce Stewart, from the Marine Biological Association in Plymouth, said were "dramatic changes" to the marine Stewart, who helped create the latest Sir David Attenborough documentary, said he was "very confident" changes in the marine environment were being caused by the warming of the recent months he said there had been some "somewhat unusual" changes off the coast of Devon and Cornwall, where a marine heatwave was most intense in have reported an "invasion" of octopus which is "decimating" the Devon shellfish octopus, usually found in the Mediterranean, are being increasingly found in lobster and crab pots off the is thought the octopuses are coming from Morocco, as fishermen there are reporting a shortage of the creatures. Dr Stewart said: "So there's a lot of species either turning up that we haven't had before or increasing abundance... and then of course we have other species that were more adapted to cooler water decreasing in abundance... and we see those changes right from the base of the food chain in the plankton to right to the top, to the tuna and sharks."He said the number of blue sharks off the south coast of England was currently the highest anglers had ever seen."We've been working with anglers, and they have datasets going back to the 1950s about their catch rates of blue sharks, they all let them go so don't worry about that, but the numbers now are the highest we've ever seen," he Stewart said changes were happening in the ocean "more dramatically" than anyone had predicted. Dr Stewart said a trip off the coast of Falmouth a couple of years ago was "one of the greatest days at sea" he had ever had – having travelled all over the the trip, he saw two fin whales, "thousands of dolphins", and also snorkelled with blue fin whale is the second-largest species of Stewart added: "It's the biggest creature I have ever seen, we estimated probably 70ft long, which is enormous right?"These things are now just off the coast, and I would encourage as many people as possible to go out and see them." The Devon Wildlife Trust said it was seeing changes closer to the shore, including colourful species of sea Cocciardi, marine nature recovery officer at the trust, said one citizen science project involved surveying rock pools at Wembury beach, in the South Hams, on a monthly basis. "That gives us a good indication of what changes year-on-year and month-on-month," she said."So for example, what we're seeing more in Wembury is... furrowed crabs, and sometimes hermit crabs - and those are more Mediterranean species, that are seen here more and more often." This spring has been the second sunniest spring on record. With sunshine levels high, and the vertical mixing of water limited by the predominance of easterly and north-easterly winds, a marine heatwave was recorded in the waters to the west of Ireland and through the Irish and Celtic seas in mid-MayThe phenomenon is defined as sea temperatures which exceed the seasonal threshold for more than five consecutive days. In the UK the marine heatwave threshold for May is 11.3C (52.34F). On 19 May, the average sea surface temperature reached 12.69C (54.84F). For Ms Hamilton, the sea is a "very special place" and growing up in the Isles of Scilly meant it was "kind of inevitable" she would be captivated by the ocean."Going in the sea and snorkelling is kind of like an escape from the world above, you're kind of putting your head under the water and you forget about all your worries in life," she said."It's just very calming and peaceful."Dr Stewart said if people engaged with marine environment more, they would be more likely to become passionate about protecting it."I'm going to echo the recent Ocean with David Attenborough film here," he said."What that showed us and what I've seen as well in my own research is that when we look after the marine environment, it has an amazing ability to bounce back."


BBC News
2 days ago
- BBC News
If books could kill: The poison legacy lurking in libraries
The Victorians loved the colour green. In particular, they loved a vibrant shade of emerald created by combining copper and arsenic, which was used in everything from wallpaper to children's toys."This colour was very popular for most of the 19th Century because of its vibrancy and its resistance to light fading," says Erica Kotze, a preservative conservator at the University of St Andrews."We know that many household items were coloured with arsenic-based green pigments. It was even used in confectionery."The trouble is, the combination of elements used is toxic and that's still a problem more than a century later. And it's a particular problem when it comes to old books. Victorian bookbinders used arsenic as well as mercury and chrome to create striking covers. And unlike domestic items, books have survived in archives around the world, creating a 21st Century problem from 19th Century exposure to multiple green books can cause low level arsenic poisoning. Long-term exposure can cause changes to the skin, harm to the liver and kidneys and a reduction in red and white blood cells, which can lead to anaemia and an increased risk of infections. In 2019, an attempt to tackle the problem was set up in Delaware between the Winterthur Museum and the state university. The Poison Book Project tested books and drew up a list of titles which are potentially harmful to humans. These included four books in the National Library of France, which were immediately by this, Erica Kotze called on her colleague Dr Pilar Gil, who trained as a biochemist before working in Special Collections at the University of St Andrews. Dr Gil took a practical approach to surveying the thousands of historic books in their collection."The most important thing was to find a non-destructive, portable instrument that could tell us if it was a poisonous book or not," she rule out X-ray technology because of the fragile nature of the books being examined and instead looked to the geology department. They had a spectrometer - a device that measures the distribution of different wavelengths of light - for detecting minerals in rocks."Minerals and pigments are very similar," says Dr Gil, "so I borrowed the instrument and started looking for emerald green in books."She tested hundreds of books and then realised she was looking at a breakthrough."I realised there was a distinctive pattern to the toxic ones. It was a 'eureka' moment. I realised it was something that no one had seen before." The next task was to speak to the physics department to build their own Graham Bruce, senior research laboratory manager explains how it works."It shines light on the book and measures the amount of light which shines back," he says."It uses green light, which can be seen, and infrared, which can't be seen with our own eyes. The green light flashes when there are no fragments of arsenic present, the red light when there are pigments."The new testing device is smaller and will be less costly to produce and use than a full-scale spectrometerIt has already been used to survey the thousands of books in the St Andrews collections and in the National Library of Scotland, and the team hope to share their design with other institutions around the world. "We're lucky as a large institution to have expensive kit, so that we can test 19th Century potentially toxic books," says Dr Jessica Burge, deputy director of library and museums at the University of St Andrews."But other institutions with big collections may not have those resources, so we wanted to create something which was affordable and easy. It doesn't require a specialist conservator or analysis, and it's instant."It's also a problem which isn't going away. If anything, toxic books will become more harmful as they get older and them means they can stored in a safe way and still enjoyed with controlled access and precautions such as wearing gloves. "It will continue to be a live issue," says Dr Burge."But I think that the biggest issue for institutions at the moment is that any book that's got a green cover from the 19th Century is being restricted because they don't know. "And as libraries and museums, that's not really what we're about. We want people to be able to use the books and help bring back access to collections, rather than restricting their use."


BreakingNews.ie
2 days ago
- BreakingNews.ie
Leaving Cert: Teacher analyses 'well-rounded' Maths Paper One
A teacher has given his initial reaction to Leaving Cert Maths paper one, which students completed on Friday. 'Overall, the 2025 Leaving Cert Higher level Maths Paper 1 was quite nice for students, however, many may agree that the tone of Section B felt different to other years,' said Studyclix subject expert Stephen Begley, Head of Maths at Dundalk Grammar School. 'It was more prompted and scaffolded than usual and did not appear as dense as it has in the past. Advertisement "While the short questions were rather delightful in ways, the long questions were a little light feeling in parts and were heavily scaffolded. "Beneficial in ways, the examiner was generous throughout in pointing out what methods and techniques students should use to approach a question, for example by indicating to use a certain formula or technique. 'While it was not without challenge, this made for a rather sound HL Maths Paper which presented a decent set of questions that harnessed an essence of fairness and accessibility, and indeed challenge. "The short questions saw the usual suspects of Algebra, Calculus, Complex Numbers and Functions, while the long questions focused on Arithmetic and Algebra, Calculus and Functions, and a considerable amount of Sequences and Series with a sneaky Induction proof to finish off the paper. Advertisement 'Overall, it was a well-rounded paper covering many main areas at LC HL. Notably, Financial Maths and Area and Volume were absent from the paper, so don't rule these out of the game in Paper 2 on Monday. Additionally, Trigonometric Functions didn't appear so glace over them this weekend 'It is important for students to remember of the advantage the choice provided by Covid amendments gives students by only having to answer 5 of the 6 and 3 of the 4 long questions and so they could have played to their strengths in this paper." LC Maths Paper 1 (Ordinary) Stephen Begley said: 'A fair paper spanning the usual suspects of Financial Maths, Complex Numbers, Algebra, Calculus, Functions, Patterns and Area. "While parts were certainly not without challenge, the short questions in Section A were quite nice and students could play to their strengths answering any 5 of the 6. Those who prepared using past papers would have benefitted from the familiarity of question styles from years gone by. Advertisement The long questions in Section B had students answer any 3 of the 4. The topics covered here were Functions, Differentiation, Financial Maths, Number Patterns, and Area. Topic wise it followed suit with previous exams and students were well prompted and guided in parts. Overall, a good start to the ordinary level maths exams and all eyes will be on the Paper 2 on Monday which I advise students to take a look at their Statistics, Trigonometry, Coordinate Geometry of the Line and Circle and Probability over the weekend as these are always the main players.' LC Foundation Level 'The Foundation Level paper was well rounded for students as it spanned all topics on the course; Arithmetic, Statistics, Probability, Financial Maths, Geometry, Patterns, Coordinate Geometry and Distance, Speed and Time "The questions were well balanced and well prompted to guide students through an exam busy with various topics. Advertisement "Students would have been pleased with a number of tables, graphs and charts to work with throughout, given their heavy feature within the course," he said. Junior Cert Maths (Higher) Stephen Begley said: 'This year's paper saw a balanced yet busy higher-level paper spanning all major topics on the course, though as usual, it wasn't without its challenges. "There was a good mix of topics assessed; arithmetic, pattens, statistics, coordinate geometry, geometry, area and volume, trigonometry, with the later questions were heavy with functions and algebra. "The opening three questions would have been a delight for students and certainly would've eased some nerves on basic percentages and patterns. Advertisement 'Some nice algebra questions on long division, simultaneous equations and a quadratic equation emerged throughout the tail end of the paper, and a familiar area and algebra cross over in Question 13 closed the exam. 'Notably absent from the paper were questions relating to Pythagoras' "Theorem, Number Systems and Indices. All eyes will be on the marking scheme to see how the updated grade descriptors will be awarded and that those mathematicians deserving of a top grade will be awarded such, given that a distinction grade has now been broadened to 85-100 perc cent, a higher merit from 70-85 per cent and a merit from 55-70 per cent.' Junior Cert Maths (Ordinary) Finally, Stephen Begley said: 'The Junior Cycle Ordinary Level Maths paper was a very accessible, well presented, and well represented exam. Students were put through the paces on their knowledge of the entire course with essentially all topics appearing; Arithmetic, Financial Maths, Statistics, Area and Volume, Sets, Algebra, Graphs (Distance, Speed & Time), Coordinate Geometry, and Trigonometry. "No topic overly dominated and questions were well presented with some pleasing visuals to aid contexts. Overall, students would have found this to be a fair Junior Cycle exam. Notably, Geometry and Functions were absent from the paper.'